designed by pyeongsug kim ©2008 sibio@att.netsibio@att.net si session fruits and fruit development...

Designed by Pyeongsug Kim ©2008 sibio@att.net

SI session

Fruits and Fruit

Development

Topic 19

Spring 2010Dr. Hughey’s Bio 3 (Lab.)

Picture from http://www.tucsoncitizen.com/ss/related/88193

Fruit Related Terminology

• Fruit- a mature ovary.• Ovary- the enlarged basal portion of a carpel.• Carpel- the vessel that encloses the ovule/s; forms

the gynoecium.• Ovule- the structure that contains the female

gametophyte with egg cell, including the nucellus and integuments.

• Seed- a mature ovule.• Locules- chambers in the ovary that contain the

ovules.

From Dr.Hughey’s Bio3 Slide

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Seed-a mature ovule.

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Fruit - a mature ovary.

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Superior ovary Inferior ovary

Review

(Inferior/superior) ovary

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(Epigynous/Hypogynous/Perigynous)

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(Inferior/superior) ovary

(Epigynous/Hypogynous/Perigynous)

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Fruit structure

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Tomatoes is (fruit/vegetables)

Fruit Classification

• Fruit derived from more than 1 pistil– Multiple fruit- develop from a cluster

of mature ovaries produced by a cluster of mature flowers.

• Pineapple.

– Aggregate fruit- develop from several separate carpels of a single flower.

• Raspberry, strawberry, blackberry.

From Dr. Hughey’s Bio3 class slide

Simple Fruit Types- fruit derived from 1 pistil• Fleshy Simple Fruits

– Berries- fleshy inner layer. Tomatoes, banana, grapes.• Pepo- a berry with a thick, leathery, inseparable rind. Cucurbitaceae.• Hesperidium- a berry with a thick, leathery, separable rind. Citrus.

– Pome- fleshy hypanthium. Pear, apple.– Drupes- stony endocarp. Peach, cherry, olive.

• Dry Simple Fruits– Dehiscent- tissue of the mature ovary wall splits open, freeing

the seeds.• Legume- dehisces along 2 sutures.

– Indehiscent- tissue of the mature ovary wall remains sealed with seeds remaining in the fruit.

• Nut- hard pericarp, usually one-seeded.• Achene- small. dandelion.

From Dr. Hughey’s Bio3 class slide

__________From ovaries of a cluster of mature flowers.

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Multiple fruit

Fruit derived from (one pistil/more than 1 pistil) from one more than flowers.

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Aggregate fruit-

-From several separate carpels of a single flower.eg.) Raspberry, strawberry, blackberry.

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•Fleshy Simple Fruits–Berries- fleshy inner layer.

•Fleshy Simple Fruits–Berries- fleshy inner layer.

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-Tomatoes, banana, grapes.Kiwi

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•________- a berry with a thick, leathery, inseparable rind. Cucurbitaceae.

Pepo

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•________- a berry with a thick, leathery, inseparable rind. Cucurbitaceae. Eg.)

Pumpkin, Zuchimi, Squash, cucumber, water melon

Pepo

________- stony endocarp. Peach, cherry, olive, mango

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Drupes

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Mango has stony endocarp. So… Drupes

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“Almond is also the name of the edible and widely cultivated seed of this tree. Although popularly referred to as a nut, the almond seed or fruit is botanically not a true nut, but the seed of a drupe (a botanic name for a type of fruit).” -Wikipedia

Almond (Prunus dulcis)

Drupes

–Drupes- stony endocarp. Peach, cherry, olive.

____________: Berry with a leathery rind. Hesperidium

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 Pome________ - fleshy hypanthium. Pear, apple.

A single-seeded berry.

The pericarp is differentiated into three layers of tissues: the outer layer is exocarp, which commonly is called the skin or rind. The middle layer is mesocarp which, generally,makes up the bulk of the pericarp. The inner layer is endocarp which, in some fruits is tough, leathery or hard, in other fruits is soft or fleshy.

There are two main classes of fleshy fruits: drupes and berries. Drupes are characterized by having a fleshy mesocarp but a tough-leathery or bony endocarp. They are said to have "stones" or "pits" rather than seeds (example: peaches). Also, a drupe usually has only a single seed. Berries, to the contrary, are characterized by having a fleshy endocarp, as well as mesocarp, and may have more than one seed.

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–__________ tissue of the mature ovary wall splits open, freeing the seeds.

•Legume- dehisces along 2 sutures.

Dehiscent fruits  -Open to release their seeds.Indihiscent fruits -don't open.

Dehiscent-

–__________- tissue of the mature ovary wall remains sealed with seeds remaining in the fruit.

•Nut- hard pericarp, usually one-seeded.•Achene- small. dandelion.

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Indehiscent

Legume

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Nut

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Nut

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AcheneAchene