deutsche telekom iot connect. digitize. get ahead
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Deutsche Telekom IoTconnect. digitize. get ahead.
WHY NB-IOT IS SO EFFICIENT
2© Deutsche Telekom AG
When is NB-IoT appropriate?
Customers that require:§ Deep indoor coverage§ Devices with long battery lives§ Mass-scale, affordable connectivity
It must always pass a litmus test:q Infrequent messagesq Tolerance for high latencyq Losing some messages is okq No voice / SMS services used
LOW ENERGY CONSUMPTIONUp to 10 years of battery-powered
operation possible
DEEP INDOOR PENETRATION+20dB link budget (compared to GSM)
HIGH SECURITYProven LTE-based
security mechanisms
LOW COSTRadio module <$5 (industry target)
Lower total cost of ownership
LOW DATA VOLUMEBidirectional, infrequent transmission of
low data volumes. 600b/s - 250kbit/s
LESS COMPLEXITYNo installation and maintenance of local networks/gateways required
UE
Uu
3© Deutsche Telekom AG
LTE-M and NB-IoT network consists of a Radio Access Network (RAN) and the Core Network.
The RAN gives customers the Mobile IoT wireless Wide Area Network coverage.
eNB
So what is the network?
Radio Access Network(RAN)
eNB: eNodeB (RAN base station)UE: User Equipment (IoT device)
eNodeB
4
The specific CE-Level a device finds itself in has a direct impact on battery life! The coverage quality impacts the device’s output power and the number of times it retransmits Uplink messages:
© Deutsche Telekom AG
Devices in indoor and deep indoor coverage do not power control their transmissions
Achieving Wide Area through Coverage Enhancement (CE)-Levels
CE-Level 1
CE-Level 0
CE-Level 2
Power-controlled Uplink Transmission
Maximum Power Uplink Transmission
OUTDOOR CE-Level 0
INDOOR CE-Level 1
DEEP INDOOR CE-Level 2
TDRX (2.56 seconds)
TcDRX (2.56 seconds)
Sleep
Paging Occasion, iDRX in CE0
Sleep
Paging Occasion, iDRX in CE2
5© Deutsche Telekom AG
Due to the message repetitions in CE2, power consumption for the same procedure in much higher as compared to CE0.
Example: Paging procedure in CE0 vs. CE2
6
RRC_CONNECTED“Connected Mode”
RRC_IDLE“Idle Mode”
Network acquisition scan
…
While running, the protocol stack of the Mobile IoT device is permanently toggling between two states:§ RRC_CONNECTED: Radio Resource Control logical link to eNodeB is established; it is used to transfer packets over the air
between the C-SGN and IoT device using the Network Access Stratum§ RRC_IDLE: Radio Resource Control link to eNodeB is torn-down, but Network Access Stratum session between C-SGN and
IoT device remains available
Whenever the chipset is power-cycled, the device performs a prolonged network acquisition scan. For this reason, shutting down the Mobile IoT device is usually not an option for conserving battery life. 3GPPTM introduced multiple power saving feature to save the day…
RRC_CONNECTED lasts the duration of a MNO-specific
Activity Timer; in this period, quick transfer of
data between device and eNodeB is possible
Note: The axes are not to scale.© Deutsche Telekom AG
What is Connected Mode or Idle Mode?
7© Deutsche Telekom AG
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Active
DAT
A / T
AU
DAT
A / T
AU
Paging
PagingPaging
PagingPaging
Paging
PagingPaging
PagingPaging
Paging
PagingPaging
PagingPaging
Connected Mode Idle Mode
As long as TAU are sent on time, data context is kept active and there is no need to perform an ATTACH
TAU Timer (T3412)
Standard Tracking Area Update (TAU)
DAT
A / T
AU
Chipset/ModuleShut-downN
ETW
OR
K A
CQ
UIS
ITIO
N S
CAN
DAT
A / T
AU
NET
WO
RK
AC
QU
ISIT
ION
SC
AN
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Time
8Note: The axes are not to scale.
From observation, network acquisition scans of chipsets vary widely – taking from a few minutes to up to half an hour. Unless the period between messages is sufficiently long to compensate the power of such a network scan, use 3GPPTM power saving features instead.
© Deutsche Telekom AG
Shutting down the chipset / module
I can shut downBut it will take me a lot of energy to get back
into action!
9© Deutsche Telekom AG
DAT
A / T
AU
Paging
PagingPaging
PagingPaging
Paging
PagingPaging
PagingPaging
Paging
PagingPaging
PagingPaging
Paging
PagingPaging
PagingPaging
Paging
Paging
Paging
DAT
A / T
AU
Connected Mode Idle Mode
RR
C C
ON
NEC
TED
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TAU Timer (T3412)
Long Periodic Tracking Area Update (TAU)
10
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DAT
A / T
AU
DAT
A / T
AU
Paging
PagingPaging
PagingPaging
Paging
PagingPaging
PagingPaging
Paging
PagingPaging
PagingPaging
RR
C C
ON
NEC
TED
RRC_CONNECTED Idle Mode
DRX in RRC_CONNECTED
Note: The axes are not to scale.© Deutsche Telekom AG
Connected Mode DRX (cDRX)
11
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DAT
A / T
AU
DAT
A / T
AU
Paging
PagingPaging
PagingPaging
Paging
PagingPaging
PagingPaging
Paging
PagingPaging
PagingPaging
RR
C C
ON
NEC
TED
Connected Mode RRC_IDLE
© Deutsche Telekom AG
Idle DRX in RRC_IDLE
Idle Mode DRX (iDRX)
2.56 seconds
Note: The axes are not to scale.
12
3GPPTM Rel.13 RAI allows the IoT device to prematurely tear down the RRC connection to the eNodeB. The chipset simply includes a Release Assistance Indicator IE when sending its last data package to the network. Without this feature, the IoT device is forced to remain in RRC_CONNECTED mode until the expiration of the MNO RRC Activity Timer, which is typically 20-30 seconds
Note: The axes are not to scale.© Deutsche Telekom AG
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DAT
A / T
AU
DAT
A / T
AU
Paging
PagingPaging
PagingPaging
Paging
PagingPaging
PagingPaging
Paging
PagingPaging
PagingPaging
RR
C C
ON
NEC
TED
RRC_CONNECTED Idle Mode
RAI allows the IoT application on the device to immediately fall
into Idle State
Release Assistance Indicator (RAI)
13
eDRX is modified form of Idle Mode DRX. It allows the chipset to switch OFF its receiver for extended window of time. During these sleep cycles, IoT device cannot be reached. Importantly, not every MNO network supports eDRX.
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DAT
A / T
AU
DAT
A / T
AU
Paging
PagingPaging
Paging
PagingPaging
PagingPaging
PagingPaging
Paging
RR
C C
ON
NEC
TED
Connected Mode RRC_IDLE
© Deutsche Telekom AG
Subsequent PTWs are offset from each other by a second timer, TeDRX, the eDRX Cycle; this timer can be configured by the IoT application
Enhanced DRX in RRC_IDLE
SleepMode
SleepMode
A DRX procedure (4-16 paging reception slots) is performed in fixed Paging Transmission Windows (PTW), configurable by the IoT application
eDRX Cycle, TeDRX
PTW
Enhanced DRX (eDRX)
14© Deutsche Telekom AG
PSM is ideal for Uplink-centric IoT applications that never need to reached or triggered (pull) by the IoT server. It allows the chipset to shut down its transceiver and conserve significant amounts of energy, prolonging battery life.
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DAT
A / T
AU
DAT
A / T
AU
Paging
PagingPaging
PagingPaging
Paging
Paging
RR
C C
ON
NEC
TED
Connected Mode RRC_IDLE
WARNING!The IoT device cannot be reached during the PSM deep sleep; use only if appropriate!
PSM Activity Timer, T3324
Once the IoT device wakes up, it must perform a TAU or send an application message
DeepSleep Mode
Power Saving Mode (PSM)
DAT
A / T
AU
Paging
PagingPaging
PagingPaging
Paging
PagingPaging
PagingPaging
Paging
PagingPaging
PagingPaging
Paging
PagingPaging
PagingPaging
Paging
Paging
Paging
DAT
A / T
AU
Connected Mode Idle Mode
Long Periodic TAU Timer (T3412)
RR
C C
ON
NEC
TED
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Time
15
LP. TAU + (EDRX=0, PSM=0, CDRX=1, RAI=0)
Note: The axes are not to scale. The number of paging “wake-up” times is indicative only for illustrative purposes.© Deutsche Telekom AG
DRX in RRC_CONNECTED Idle DRX in RRC_IDLE
Paging
PagingPaging
PagingPaging
Paging
PagingPaging
PagingPaging
Paging
PagingPaging
PagingPaging
Paging
PagingPaging
PagingPaging
Paging
Paging
Paging
DAT
A / T
AU
Idle Mode
Long Periodic TAU Timer (T3412)
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DAT
A / T
AU
Time
16
LP. TAU + (EDRX=0, PSM=0, CDRX=1, RAI=1)
Note: The axes are not to scale. The number of paging “wake-up” times is indicative only for illustrative purposes.© Deutsche Telekom AG
RRC_CONNECTED dropped
DRX in RRC_CONNECTED Idle DRX in RRC_IDLE
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Time
DAT
A / T
AU
Paging
PagingPaging
PagingPaging
Paging
PagingPaging
Paging
DAT
A / T
AU
Connected Mode Idle Mode
Long Periodic TAU Timer (T3412)
PSM Activity Timer (T3324)
DeepSleep Mode
RR
C C
ON
NEC
TED
17
LP. TAU + (EDRX=0, PSM=1, CDRX=1, RAI=0)
Note: The axes are not to scale. The number of paging “wake-up” times is indicative only for illustrative purposes.© Deutsche Telekom AG
RRC_IDLE suspended
DRX in RRC_CONNECTED Idle DRX in RRC_IDLE
Paging
PagingPaging
PagingPaging
Paging
PagingPaging
Paging
DAT
A / T
AU
Idle Mode
Long Periodic TAU Timer (T3412)
PSM Activity Timer (T3324)
DeepSleep Mode
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DAT
A / T
AU
Time
18
LP. TAU + (EDRX=0, PSM=1, CDRX=1, RAI=1)
Note: The axes are not to scale. The number of paging “wake-up” times is indicative only for illustrative purposes.© Deutsche Telekom AG
RRC_CONNECTED dropped
RRC_IDLE suspended
DRX in RRC_CONNECTED Idle DRX in RRC_IDLE
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Time
DAT
A / T
AU
DAT
A / T
AU
SleepMode
SleepMode
SleepMode
Paging
PagingPaging
Paging
PagingPaging
PagingPaging
PagingPaging
PagingPaging
PagingPaging
Paging
SleepMode
Connected Mode Idle Mode Idle Mode Idle Mode Idle Mode
Long Periodic TAU Timer (T3412)
Paging Transmission Window
eDRX Cycle
RR
C C
ON
NEC
TED
19
LP. TAU + (EDRX=1, PSM=0, CDRX=1, RAI=0)
Note: The axes are not to scale. The number of paging “wake-up” times is indicative only for illustrative purposes.© Deutsche Telekom AG
DRX in RRC_CONNECTED Enhanced DRX in RRC_IDLE
DAT
A / T
AU
SleepMode
SleepMode
SleepMode
Paging
PagingPaging
Paging
PagingPaging
PagingPaging
PagingPaging
PagingPaging
PagingPaging
Paging
SleepMode
Idle Mode Idle Mode Idle Mode Idle Mode
Long Periodic TAU Timer (T3412)
eDRX Cycle
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DAT
A / T
AU
Paging Transmission Window
Time
20
LP. TAU + (EDRX=1, PSM=0, CDRX=1, RAI=1)
Note: The axes are not to scale. The number of paging “wake-up” times is indicative only for illustrative purposes.© Deutsche Telekom AG
RRC_CONNECTED dropped
DRX in RRC_CONNECTED Enhanced DRX in RRC_IDLE
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Time
DAT
A / T
AU
Paging
PagingPaging
Paging
PagingPaging
Paging
DAT
A / T
AU
Connected Mode Idle Mode Idle Mode
PSM Activity Timer (T3324)
Long Periodic TAU Timer (T3412)
DeepSleep Mode
SleepMode
Paging Transmission Window
eDRX Cycle
RR
C C
ON
NEC
TED
21
LP. TAU + (EDRX=1, PSM=1, CDRX=1, RAI=0)
Note: The axes are not to scale. The number of paging “wake-up” times is indicative only for illustrative purposes.© Deutsche Telekom AG
RRC_IDLE suspended
DRX in RRC_CONNECTED Enhanced DRX in RRC_IDLE
Paging
PagingPaging
Paging
PagingPaging
Paging
DAT
A / T
AU
Idle Mode Idle Mode
PSM Activity Timer (T3324)
Long Periodic TAU Timer (T3412)
DeepSleep Mode
SleepMode
eDRX Cycle
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DAT
A / T
AU
Paging Transmission Window
Time
22
LP. TAU + (EDRX=1, PSM=1, CDRX=1, RAI=1)
Note: The axes are not to scale. The number of paging “wake-up” times is indicative only for illustrative purposes.© Deutsche Telekom AG
RRC_CONNECTED dropped
RRC_IDLE suspended
DRX in RRC_CONNECTED Enhanced DRX in RRC_IDLE
The more often IoT Applications interrupt power saving features, the less efficient they become… Apply these features according to the specific use-case… more is not better!
Uplink-Centric Application
§ Very Regular Reporting (e.g. Smart Parking)
§ Regular Reporting (e.g. Hourly Climate Report)
§ Irregular Reporting (e.g. Smart Metering)
Downlink-Centric Application
§ Very Regular Reporting (e.g. Access Control)
§ Regular Reporting (e.g. Ventilation Actuator)
§ Irregular Reporting (e.g. Irrigation Actuator)
Long PeriodicTAU eDRX PSM RAI
Beneficial if reporting
interval > 186 min
Beneficial if reporting
interval > 186 min
Example of what you might propose…
23© Deutsche Telekom AG
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