developing a pico question for pen
Post on 05-Jan-2022
5 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
Developing a PICO Question for PEN
Developed by PEN Canada Team members:Dawna Royall, Tanis Fenton, Kristyn Hall,
Jayne Thirsk and Beth Armour
EBP Information Cycle
Assess
AskAppraise
Apply
Acquire
CHE Evidence-based tutorial; 2008
AskTypes of Questions:Background
§ General knowledge, conditions, regulations etc
§ Background document template
Foreground § Specialized knowledge§ About choices / decision
making § PEN PICO question
Background or ForegroundQuestions?
1. How long does it take �food� to enter breast milk and be eliminated from it?
2. Does a breastfeeding mother’s diet contribute to infant colic?
Background Information Sources
n eMedicine (Medscape)
n Mayo Clinic
n Merck Manual Online
n Medline Plus Health Topics (NLM and NIH)
n NIDDK
n disease-related association websites
Population – how would you define your population e.g. demographics, medical condition?
Intervention or Exposure of interest – what are the intervention or prognostic factors?
Comparison – is there an alternative or standard practice to compare to? What comparison is relevant?
Outcome – what do you hope to accomplish, improve or effect? What outcome is important to you and your patients/clients?
PICO Questions
Your PICO terms form your research question
Examples:u Among hospitalized patients, do dietetic
services improve quality of life or mortality?
u Among patients with dysphagia, what is the evidence that modified consistency improves swallowing?
PICO Research Question (example)
u Among hospitalized patients, do dietetic services improve quality of life or mortality?Ø P Ø I Ø C Ø O
PICO Research Question (example)
u Among hospitalized patients, do dietetic services improve quality of life or mortality?Ø P – adults hospitalized for bariatric surgeryØ I – post-op bariatric surgery diet progressionØ C – those post-op bariatric surgery who are allowed to eat ad-libØ O – better quality of life and less incidence of vomiting
PICO Research Question (example)
u Among patients with dysphagia, what is the evidence that modified consistency improves swallowing? Ø P Ø I Ø C Ø O
PICO Research Question (example)
u Among patients with dysphagia, what is the evidence that modified consistency improves swallowing? Ø P – adults with long-term dysphagiaØ I – consuming modified consistency liquid and solid foodsØ C – consuming regular consistency foods and liquidsØ O – fewer incidences of chocking, weight maintenance
Types of inquiry in Nutrition
§ Etiology / Prevention§ Treatment / Intervention
§ Efficacy§ Harm
Ask
Ask
Map questionn Prevention / Etiology
Soy and breast cancer preventionCohort studies
nTreatment / InterventionChromium picolinate and body weightRCTs
Choosing the best study design to address your question
Questiontype Example Studytypes Appraisalissues
Etiologyandriskfactors
Arethereknownfactorsassociatedwithincreasedrisk?
Systematicreviewofcohortstudies,cohortstudies,case-controlstudy
Groupsonlydifferintheoneexposure,controlforconfounding
Intervention Whataretheoutcomesoftheintervention
SystematicreviewofRCTs,RCTs
Randomization,blinding,completefollow-up
*AdaptedfromtheNHMRC2000b,TheEndorsementProcessforEvidence,BaseClinicalPracticeGuidelines,DietitiansAssociationofAustralia2006
Are ___________________________ (P)who have______________________ (E)compared with those without / low__ (C)at ____ risk for _________________ (O)
Treatment / Intervention
Prevention / Etiology
In _____________________ (P)how does _______________ (I)compared with ___________(C)affect __________________ (O)
PICO QuestionPrevention / Etiologyu Are ___________________________(P)u who have______________________ (I)u compared with those without / low___(C)u at ____ risk for __________________(O)
uAre post-menopausal women who have a high consumption of soy products, compared to those with a low intake, at decreased risk for developing breast cancer?
PICO questionTreatment / Intervention u In _____________________ (P)u how does _______________ (I)u compared with ___________(C)u affect __________________ (O)
u In individuals who are overweight (BMI > ? ) how does a daily chromium picolinate supplement, compared with no supplement, affect ones ability to lose weight?
PEN® Training Modules
The following other PEN® Training Modules are available: • Evidence-based Process• Appraising the Literature• PubMed Module• Quick Review of Study Designs
Thank you for your time in reviewing this module.
Come be social with PEN
pennutrition PENNutrition PEN Nutrition
top related