development of smart textiles and their applications in wearable … · 2016-01-18 · case study...
Post on 31-May-2020
2 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
Development of Smart Textiles
and Their Applications in
Wearable Electronics
Prof. Xiaoming Tao
The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
xiao-ming.tao@polyu.edu.hk
@2015 Textile International Forum and Exhibition, Taipei
Outline
• Introduction
• Types of Smart Textiles for Wearable Electronics (STWEs)
• STWE devices
• Application opportunities and issues
• Conclusions
Evolution of STWEsHandbook of smart textiles
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025
Product entry to markets
To build nano- or micro-structures on the surface or inside fibers
To impart electronic or photonic functions into textile structures
To endure large deformation cycles
Advance Materials, 26(31):5310-53360, 2014
STWEs
1D Single Fiber/Yarn Based:
Fiber transistors: (a) fiber organic field-effect transistors, (b)
wire electrochemical transistors, (c ) supercapacitors
( c )
2D Fabric Based Capacitive cantilever though layer-by-layer screen printing
process
Fabric Antennas
• E-fiber antenna• textile triband
antenna• dual polarized
textile antennas• all textile
antenna• circularly
polarized antenna
8
Textile Mechanical Power Nanogenerator
(b) Two layers with seperators(a) Sandwich type
An output of 100 mWh is obtained by 20 minutes walking and 1 million loading cycles!
Energy & Environ. Sci. 2013 Energy & Environ. Sci. 2014
• memory device.
Fiber circuitry:
(a)A binary tree multiplexer constructed from WECTs and their dynamic electrical characteristics, (b) A woven inverter circuit and its dynamic electrical characteristics, (c) Fiber-based fabric-array
Three-dimensionally Deformable, Highly Stretchable, Permeable,
Durable and Washable Fabric Circuit Boards Royal Soc Proc. A, 470(2171), 2014472, 2014
Outstanding Performance and Washing-ability
0 200000 400000 600000 800000 1000000
3.00
3.02
3.04
3.06
3.08
3.10
After 1,000,000 cycles with 20% strain,
(Rmax
-Rmin
)/Rmin
*100%=0.65%
600000-600050 cycles
0-50 cycles
1000000-1000050 cycles
Resis
tan
ce (
Oh
m)
No. of loading cycles
0 10 20 30 40 50 1000000 1000020 1000040 10000603.00
3.02
3.04
3.06
3.08
3.10
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
0
20
40
60
80
100
Resis
tan
ce r
ete
nti
on
rati
o (
%)
No. of washing times
Normal: without bag
Normal: with bag
Delicate: without bag
Delicate: with bag
Textile-based sensors: (a) Fabric bio-potential electrode and its
SEM photo, (b) Pulse-driven fiber nanogenerator by ZnO
thin films grown around a carbon fiber as a strain sensor,
(c) Vibration sensor arrays of piezoelectric fibers in gloves for detection and suppression of Parkinson’s tremor in the hand,
(d) Carbon loaded elastomer sensorizedgarment for kinesthetic monitoring,
(e) Strain-gauge sensor based on the reversible interlocking of Pt-coated polymer nanofibres,
(f) Carbon nanotube strain sensor for human motion detection,
(g) Woven electronic fibers with sensing and display functions,
(h) In-shoe plantar pressure monitoring in daily activities by fabric pressure
sensors.
performance specification
Strain range 0-60%
Output voltage 10-36mV
Overload capacity 400%FSO
Linearity ±5%FSO
Repeatability ±5%FSO
Hysterisis ±5%FSO
Strain gauge factor 1-100
Working temperature
-10-60℃
Fatigue resistance >100000 cycles
Zero drift ±0.5% FSO/h
Output resistance 10-100 kΩ
Relaxation ±5% FSO/30min
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
Unloadin
g
Loading
Str
ess (
MP
a)
Strain (%)
0 10 20 30 40 50 6010
15
20
25
30
35
40
Unloadin
g
Loading
Re
sis
tan
ce
(kO
hm
)
Strain (%)
13
Quasi-static Performance Specifications of Fabric Strain Sensor
14
0.10.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0
5
10
15
20
-3
-2
-1
0
1
23
Modeling Results
Experimental Results
Strain Rate=0.05/s
Strain Rate=0.5/s
Strain Rate=5/s
Strain Rate=20/s
Strain Rate=100/s
Strain Rate=1000/s
(R-R
0)/
R0
Lg(Stra
in R
ate)
Strain
电阻变化率与应变及应变率的关系
理论与实验对比Quasi-static response to strain and temperature
Dynamic response to strain and strain-rate
Coupled Thermoelectric Behavior Dynamic sensing behavior
Fabric Strain Sensors
Fabric Pressure SensorConversion Structures
0 200 400 600 800 1000-100
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Calibration
#1 Force
#1 Resistance
Time (ms)
Fo
rce
(N
)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Resis
tance (
kO
hm
)
150 155 160 165 170-100
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Calibration
#1 Force
#1 Resistance
Time (ms)
Forc
e (
N)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80t2
Resis
tance (
kO
hm
)
t1
Delta t~0.01ms
0 2 4 6 8 10
0
2
4
6
8
10
#5
45
Impact 1
Impact 2
Impact 3
Pre
ssu
re b
y F
PS
(M
Pa)
Pressure by load cell (MPa)
Excellent agreement with the load cell Impact Test Rig
Effects of position and shear
Test Results
Smart Materials @ Structures, 2014
Science Challenges
• Novel safe, efficient, stable and flexible electronic and photonic materials and composites
• Formation mechanisms and properties of functional structures in textiles
• Interface properties between the functional materials and fiber assemblies
• Coupled structural mechanics of TFE devices
16
Wearable training system for sportsman
Objectives• To design, fabricate, calibrate and evaluate wearable training systems for elite sportsmen• To study the relationships between the force generated and real-time physical
measurement data using the newly developed limb-gauge monitoring systems in isometric, isokinetic and isotonic modes
• To test a hypothesis that perimeter of limbs has a defined relationship with the force generated
Training Trial Protocol
Two kinds of training activities
Three kinds of data
Isometric
Isokinetic
EMG/Pressure
Torque
Perimeter
Biodex
Limb-gauge monitoring system
DTS EMG sensor/Flexiforce sensor
Biodex
18
Results of Data Analysis
Isometric: The relationships between
torque, EMG and upper arm perimetermeasured by LMS of subjects’ MVC(maximum voluntary contraction) in 45degree isometric test are both in goodagreement with the results reported in anindependent study in 2008[1].
[1]Shi J, Yong-Ping Z, Qing-Hua H, et al, IEEE Transactions on, 2008, 55(3): 1191-1198.
Isokinetic: Because elbow anglecontributes to upper arm muscledeformation, a curve-fitted relationshipbetween elbow angle and perimeter atflexion of Isokinetic test is obtained in orderto exclude the effect of elbow angle beforeanalysis of Isokinetic data. Good agreementhas been obtained.
20
Intelligent Footwear System for Continuous Dynamic Foot Monitoring
Measurement: Spatial and temporal plantar pressure distributions In-shoe temperature and humidity COP 3-axis accelerations
Foot information display for PC and smart phone
21
i-Shoe Clinical Trial – Diabetic Patients vs. Healthy Subjects
Foot dimension
measurement
Novel Emed Test Monofilament Foot photo
Corridor activity Stairs activity Slope activity
Monitoring by intelligent footwear system
Questionnaire
survey on
wearing
comfort
22
Clinical trial – Results of stairs activity
Peak Pressure in climbing up and climbing down stairs
between H and DM group in Mean (SD)
23
Regions with significant difference
between two groups in climbing up and
down slope (DM>H) : LS5,LS6,RS5
(lateral and central forefoot)
Clinical Trial Results: Regions with Significant Difference
Regions with significant difference
between two groups in climbing up and
down stairs (DM>H) : LS5,RS5
(lateral forefoot)
24
Case Study of High Risk Diabetic Patient
Diabetic neuropathic foot with right foot ulcer
and skin graft surgery several month ago.Subject Information: Male, 59 years old, 64 Kg, 167
cm height, shoe size of 42, foot length L23, R23, foot
width L2.5E R3E; BMI 23 kg/m2 no palntar callus,
SWM test fail to sense 10g: RS5, RS4 RS1 >10gSWM
failing
positions
Pressure
failing
positions
Discussions, pressure, sensation and risk
Smart Garments for Vehicle Crash TestTest samples: a pair of vest and shorts for dummy Hybrid III;
a piece of cushion for car seat
Pressure sensing element:
Vest: 2*5 shorts: 2*5 cushion: 14
Measuring range (linear): about 4MPa
Overload (non-linear): about 6MPa
Installation on dummy/seat/sled/crash test
27
Parameters 30km/h 40km/h
Uploading duration 10ms – 30ms
Pressure distribution similar
Peak pressure 5 – 6MPa
Average pressure3.35MPa (shoulder belt)
1.53MPa (lap belt)
4.43MPa (shoulder belt)
2.15MPa (lap belt)
Parameters Shoulder belt Lap belt Seat cushion
Peak pressure 6MPa 5MPa 1.5MPa
Concentration upper chest side parts femur bones
Comparison with Numerical Simulation Results
(Provided by Prof. Zhou Q of Tsinghua University)
Location of peak pressure:
upper and lower chest
(shoulder belt)
side parts (lap belt)
Calculated and Measured
values of peak pressure:
5.5MPa vs. 6.0 MPa in
the shoulder belt
3.7MPa vs. 5.0 MPa in
the lap belt
Commercial Applications:
Softceptor™
Softceptor technology imparts
sensations into belts, t-shirts, bras,
footwear, cushions .
We make dumb fabrics smart!
www.advanpro.hk
Sensoria Fitness T-
Shirt
Sensoria Fitness
Sports Bra
Adidas miCoach
Seamless Sports
Bra
Adidas miCoach
Men's Training Shirt
NuMetrex Fabric
Chest Strap
Adidas Bluetooth
Smart Heart Rate
Monitor with Textile
Strap
USD 79 USD 69 USD 54.95 USD 62 USD 29.95 USD 60
Monitoring garments
Socks (1 pair),
anklet & charger
bundle
Socks (4 pairs),
anklet & charger
bundle
Socks
(1pair pack)
Socks
(3 pair pack)
Anklet
USD 129 USD 199 USD 29 USD 59 USD 129
Running socks
Smart shoes
Nike Plus is a tracking system designed to help individuals track fitness performance
The tracking system works with the Fuelband, which displays your energy exertion.
Applications Challenges
• Cost effective and reliable fabrication processes
• Multidisciplinary team with appropriate domain knowledge
• System management and optimization for STWEs
• Commercial company’s roles– product development
– Market exploration
• University’s roles – Postgraduate research program
– Multi-disciplinary research
– Push for new domain knowledge
34
35
Conclusions
Textile-based electronics have been developed in the
Laboratories in universities and companies.
Some of them (sensors and fabric circuit boards)
have reached technology maturity.
The successful industrial adaptation has started to bring up
new industry with combined skills of textiles and
electronics.
Very wide application opportunities for new products &
services in the environment of internet, especially
in the fields of biomedical, healthcare, protective
and security systems.
We need working harder to catch up.
Handbook of Smart Textiles Springer, 2015
▶ Presents a comprehensive overview of smart textiles, from fundamental theory to real applications▶ Supports students and academics through examples & exploration of experimental techniques▶ Provides a working reference tool suitable for those in the smart textiles industry▶ Collates leading expertise from diverse scientific and engineering communities
37
Acknowledgements
Hong Kong Research Grants Council
Hong Kong Research Institute of Textiles and Apparel Ltd
Innovation and Technology Commission
The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
Hong Kong Hospital Authority
Hong Kong Sports Institute
Tsinghua University
Advanpro Ltd
Esquel Enterprises Ltd
High Tech (ShenZhen) Ltd
Intel (HK) Transducers Ltd
Puheng Co Ltd
Shen Zhen Nanhua Electronics Co Ltd
TAL Apparel Ltd
38
Smart Textiles & Apparel Research Team
top related