diabetes in pregnancy- an update seema chakravarti mrcog, mrcpi consultant obstetrician bhr trust
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Diabetes in pregnancy- an update
Seema Chakravarti
MRCOG, MRCPI
Consultant Obstetrician BHR Trust
CEMACH DIABETES REPORT
Perinatal mortality 5 fold increased 3 fold increase in neonatal deaths in first
month of life 2 fold increase in cong abnormalities
(NTD/Cardiac) Adverse outcomes same for type 1 and 2 DM Prem delivery 5 fold, macrosomia High csection rate 70% Severe PET
Subtypes
Type 1 Type 2 Gestational Diabetics SOME WOMEN WITH
GDM WILL HAVE PRE EXISTING DIABETES!!
Factors associated with poor pregnancy outcome
Maternal social deprivation Lack of contraceptive use in 12 months
preceding pregnancy No folic acid intake pre pregnancy 5mg Suboptimal diabetes management Suboptimal preconception care Suboptimal glycemic control before and
during pregnancy
Key recommendations for specialist preconception services
Multidisciplinary- diabetic physician/obstetrician/midwife/diabetic nurse
Appropriate contraception High dose folic acid supplementation Assess and manage diabetic complications Optimise glycemic control HbA1c <7 Counsel regarding risks and management
strategies
Booking HbA1c and pregnancy outcome
0%20%40%60%80%
100%
<7.8 >7.8-14
>14
Hb A1c
Pregnancy putcome by booking HbA1c
SB
Congabnormality
Normal
Solutions
Pre- conception counselling- good diabetic control at conception and pregnancy reduce incidence of miscarriage, malformation, SB and NND
Contraceptive advice, importance of avoiding unplanned preg should be an essential component of diabetic education for all diabetic women DOCUMENT
Only 1/3 women currently get PPC, 40% pregnancies unplanned
Targets
Pre conception Hb A1c <7.0% if safe Increase frequency of self monitoring Pre meal 5.5 mmol/l Post meal 7.7mmol/l Retinal screening treat pre pregnancy if
proliferative retinopathy Assess nephropathy- PCR/renal biochem Review medication
Review medication
Stop ACE inhibitors discuss pros and cons Beta blockers with caution as higher R/O
IUGR Methyl dopa, nifedepine,hydralazine Stop statins Metformin/glibenclamide can be used in
pregnancy, early referral
Assess diabetes
Retinopathy digital pictures and mydriasis
If retinopathy need pre-conception advice and possible treatment
Percentage of women developing sight threatening DR in pregnancy
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
No retinopathy
Minimalretinopathy
Mod to severeretinopathy
Nephropathy
1. Warn risk of PET/IUGR/SB
2. Refer for hospital PPC if creatinine more than 120micromole/litre and 24 hr urine protein >2gm
3. Consider asprin/clexane especially if proteinuria as increased thromboembolic risk
General advice
Diet and lifestyle Optimise weight( BMI>35 independent risk
factor for maternal mortality and morbidity) Adequate contraception Folic Acid 5mg until 12 weeks gestation.
Diabetes UK and CEMACH guidance on pre preg care Leaflet
Other changes
Can continue/start metformin/glibenclamide in pregnancy
HAPO Trial- safe, no increased risk of malformations, better control in Type 2 Dimples hypos with tighter control
Watch for lactic acidosis – euglycemic acidosis
Breast feeding
Metformin safe NICE
Thank you
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