disease linkages and the seven daughters of eve
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Disease Linkages and the Seven Daughters of Eve
“DNA and Your Health”Presentation by Donald N. Yates, Ph.D.
Heterozygous disease
Sickle cell anemia and resistance to malaria Longevity and Alzheimer’s --? Autosomal dominant – only need one copy of
gene (one parent will have full-blown disease, e.g. Huntington’s disease)
Autosomal recessive – need two copies of the disease
Review 1
When did mitochondrial Eve live What are mitochondria Why does it allow tracing of lineages? Difference between mitochondrial and
autosomal disease Difference between dominant and recessive
Before the Dawn
Before even prehistory Homo sapiens sapiens was not alone
Homo erectus Neanderthals Homo florensiensis
Evolutionary theory Nicolas Wade book
Daughters of Eve in Europe
Helena: 48% Ursula: 19% Jasmine: 10% Tara: 8% Katrina: 6% Velda: 5% Xenia: 2%
The Great Migration
1500-1789: Colonial Period 1650-1790: 15 million Africans 1789-1870: Western European 1830-1850: Indians put on Western res. 1870-1924: Eastern European Since 1910: 7 million blacks to North Since 1949: Jews to Israel Hispanics in U.S., Arabs in Europe
Review 2
Human peopling of the world Indo-Europeans, Celts, agriculturalists Barbarians The Great Migration Africans Native Americans
Jewish Diseases
Tay-Sachs Disease Familial Mediterranean Fever Bloom’s Syndrome Gaucher Disease Machado Joseph Disease Breast and Ovarian Cancer Anemias LHON
Genetic Health Risks
Alcohol Flush Reaction Age-related Macular Degeneration Bitter Taste Perception Non-ABO Blood Groups Breast Cancer Celiac Disease Colorectal Cancer Crohn's Disease
Genetic Health Risks - 2
Earwax Type Eye Color G6PD Deficiency Heart Attack Resistance to HIV/AIDS Lactose Intolerance Lung Cancer Lupus (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus) Malaria Resistance (Duffy Antigen) Multiple Sclerosis
Genetic Health Risks - 3
Muscle Performance Norovirus Resistance Obesity Prostate Cancer Psoriasis Restless Legs Syndrome Rheumatoid Arthritis Sickle Cell Anemia & Malaria Resistance Type 1 Diabetes Type 2 Diabetes Venous Thromboembolism
Review 3
Types of testing, screening Types of genetic diseases Examples of risk factors you can screen for
History of DNA Fingerprinting
• 1985 PCR
• 1988 FBI starts DNA casework
• 1991 First paper reporting Y-STRs
• 1998 FBI launches CODIS database
• 2005 OmniPop population database
• 2006 DNA Testing introduces DNA Fingerprint Test
Uses of CODIS Profiles
Forensic cases -- matching suspect with evidence
Paternity testing -- identifying father
Historical investigations Missing persons investigations Mass disasters -- putting pieces back together
Military DNA “dog tag” Convicted felon DNA databases
DNA Fingerprint Test
• Melungeons• Basis is CODIS-15• OmniPop 360• ENFSI• All customized and
personalized
Beth Hirschman
Linkage Disequilibrium for Linkage Disequilibrium for Mitochondrial HaplotypesMitochondrial Haplotypes
Helena is prone to developing Alzheimer’s Jasmine is susceptible to passing all the
Jewish diseases Ursulas often have occipital strokes in old
age
Other Linkages
Lactose intolerance: Jews, Mediterranean lineages, Asians
Graves’ Disease in Chinese Han Sickle cell anemia: Africans and African
Americans Athletic gene: long-distance runners versus
sprinters “Intelligence gene”
Ongoing Genome-Wide Linkage Research
Diabetes Rheumatoid arthritis Coronary heart disease Prostate cancer
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