disinfestation for market access
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biosecurity built on science
Disinfestation for market access
Lisa JamiesonScientist, Applied Entomology
Plant & Food Research
Plant Biosecurity Cooperative Research Centre
biosecurity built on science
Problem being addressed
Quarantine pests causing disruption to the trade of Australian and New Zealand horticulture commodities
Commodities that are hosts to quarantine pests need protocols to access export markets with quarantine barriers
Develop treatments: - effective against the pest- maintain product quality- fit in to transport and handling systems
(air-freight/sea-freight)- cost effective
Significant disinfestation R&D over the last 40 years
Many protocols developed, some used extensively, some not used at all
Qfly Medfly
Codling moth
Tomato potato psyllidApple leafcurling midge
biosecurity built on science
What are we doing about it?
Phase 1: A review of:- treatment technologies- disinfestation research- current market access protocols- research priorities for Phase 2
Phase 2: Provide data to develop new export protocols that are:- effective- efficient- economic
biosecurity built on science
What are we doing about it? Need to review all the published and unpublished phytosanitary research Researchers across Australia, NZ and USA who have conducted the research:
Team Member Organisation Speciality
Lisa Jamieson Allan Woolf
Barbara Waddell
Project Leader PFRNZ
EntomologyPhysiology
Pauline WyattPeter Leach DAF, QLD Entomology
John GoldingAndrew Jessup NSW DPI Physiology
Entomology
Francis De Lima AgHort Solutions, WA Entomology
Jack Armstrong Quarantine Scientific, NZ Entomology
Peter Follett USDA-ARS Entomology
biosecurity built on science
Phase 1: Review and Workshop
A review of postharvest disinfestation technologies
Presented findings from review at workshops with stakeholders in September 2015 in Australia and New Zealand
Priorities for Phase 2
biosecurity built on science
Review of disinfestation technologies
Fumigants- 15 major, 18 minor fumigants, methyl bromide
Energy treatments - irradiation, electrical, microwave, radio frequency,
pulsed electrical field, infrared, cold plasma
Controlled atmosphere (CA)- CA plus heat, CA plus cold, CA plus high pressure
Physical- heat, cold, pressure, vacuum, brushing, high pressure
washing
Systems approaches
biosecurity built on science
Review of disinfestation research
A review of published and unpublished disinfestation research data in Australia and New Zealand
Species Lifestage Treatment conditions Number of insects tested Commodity Reference Protocol
biosecurity built on science
Example cold disinfestation research
Species Lifestage Treatment No tested Commodity Reference Protocol
Medfly First instar 1°C 16 days 84,560Table grapes Red Globe
De Lima et al. 2011
Japan MAFFMedfly First instar 2°C 18 days 78,859
Qfly First instar 1°C 12 days 66,739Table grapes Red Globe
De Lima et al. 2011
Japan MAFFQfly First instar 2°C 14 days 53,136
biosecurity built on science
Review of export protocols
Collated data on New Zealand and Australian fresh fruit and vegetable industries:
Value and volume of major fruit and vegetable exports Main export markets Current phytosanitary requirements Existing export protocols
biosecurity built on science
Example: Australian Citrus
Crop Total Export value and Volume
Value of major markets
Market access pests
Approved treatments
CitrusOrange
$140.0 million134,448 t
Japan 34.0Hong Kong 27.6USA 16.2China 14.4Malaysia 11.4Singapore 8.8Canada 5.1Indonesia 3.6UAE 2.1
Japan: Qfly, MedflyChina: Fruit fliesThailand:Fuller’s rose weevil (FRW), fruit fliesUSA: Fruit flies, lightbrown apple moth (LBAM), CBS
Indonesia:1. Fruit fly free areas recognised: Riverland, South Australia and Tasmania.2. Cold treatments: onshore or in transit at or below 2°C for 16 days; or at or below 3°C for 18 days.3. Irradiation at 150 gray.4. Fumigation with methyl bromide at 64 g/m3 at 21°C for 2 h.China:1. Citrus spp., Oranges, Mandarins, Lemons, Grapefruit, Limes, Tangelo.2.Mandatory cold disinfestation treatment is required, onshore or in transit 1°C or below for 16 d or 2.1°C or below for 21 d.
biosecurity built on science
Workshops in Australia & New Zealand
Participants Exporters and industry representatives of Citrus,
Mango, Apple, Pear, Kiwifruit, Summerfruit, Table grapes, Capsicum, Tomato, Berryfruit, Vegetables
HIA, HortNZ, PCRC Researchers from NZ, Qld, NSW, WA Regulators DAWR, MPIWhat are your: Current and future target markets? Market access issues? Useful and useless protocols? Priorities for disinfestation research?
biosecurity built on science
Stakeholder meetings in Australia & New Zealand
Several cross-industry priorities Fruit flies remain primary pests of
concern (Australia & New Zealand)- Other pests: FRW, MSW, thrips,
mealybugs, scale insects, mites, lightbrown apple moth, codling moth
Development of postharvest disinfestation treatments to enable market access by air-freight- Shorter cold treatments, irradiation, low-
dose methyl bromide Consistent cold treatments between
markets NZ fruit fly preparedness: collection of
efficacy data on 4 major fruit fly species- Qfly, Medfly, Oriental fruit fly, Melon fruit fly
biosecurity built on science
Priorities for Phase 2
Priorities for Phase 2Compare cold mortality response data for Qfly, Medfly, Oriental fruit fly and melon fruit fly across commodities and countries• Collate mortality response data and conduct additional cold
studies• Protocols developed and approved for fruit flies before they
establish in New Zealand and Australia• Standardisation of cold treatments across markets
Develop new disinfestation protocols appropriate for air-freight - Short cold treatments – combine with CA or low toxicity
compound (PBCRC)- Linking with development of new disinfestation protocols for
irradiation and low-dose methyl bromide (HIA projects)
biosecurity built on science
How will this research be delivered?
Reports Review, Australian workshop, NZ workshop Cold CA, Cold database and findings from analyses,
additional cold studiesWorkshops Quarantine research for fruits and vegetables (Aus/NZ) Statistical analysis and issues associated with
phytosanitary treatmentsDiscussion documents Address issues associated with phytosanitary treatments
arising from Technical Panel on Phytosanitary TreatmentsDatabase Mortality responses of fruit flies to cold
biosecurity built on science
Who will benefit from this research?
Fruit and vegetable exporters and associated businesses
Producers of fruits and vegetables Product groups and horticultural industry
representative groups e.g. HIAL, HortNZ, PMAC, PMA
Regulators and risk assessors/managers, e.g. MPI, DAFWA
Researchers – better collaboration
biosecurity built on science
Benefit for our horticultural industries
Short term: Review and summary of disinfestation research that is
relevant to Australian and NZ horticultural industries Research priorities for the development of new effective
disinfestation treatments to safeguard Australian and NZ horticulture
Provision of data and recommendations for implementing new effective postharvest treatments
Maintaining and expanding capability in developing phytosanitary treatments
Long term:- New quarantine protocols developed- Increased export trade of horticultural products
biosecurity built on science
End-User Advocate Perspective
A high quality evaluation of postharvest market access treatments
Industry may have to rely less on true fumigants and more on alternate methods of pest control in the future
Now a good opportunity to develop new export protocol for key pests of quarantine concern as the 2nd
phase of the project New export protocol will need to be cost effective,
safe to use, and acceptable to our trading partners
biosecurity built on science
Future
Tools to improve acceptability of systems approaches to managing risks in the market and identify redundancies in a systems
Rapid pest identification at the border Efficacy of irradiation against non-fruit fly species and impact
on the quality of commodities/varieties not yet tested Low-dose methyl bromide
biosecurity built on science
Thank you
For more information, please email Lisa.Jamieson@plantandfood.co.nz
Project team members: Pauline Wyatt, Peter Leach, DAF QLD John Golding, NSW DPI Frances De Lima, AgHort Solutions, WA Jack Armstrong, Quarantine Scientific, NZ Peter Follett, USDA-ARS, Hawaii Allan Woolf, Barbara Waddell, PFR NZ
PBCRC is established and supported under the Australian Government Cooperative Research Centres Programme
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