disorders of pigmentation and melanocytes : vitiligo freckle (ephelis) melasma lentigo melanocytic...

Disorders of Pigmentation and Melanocytes :

• Vitiligo• Freckle (Ephelis)• Melasma• Lentigo• Melanocytic Nevus (Pigmented Nevus,

Mole)• Dysplastic Nevi• Malignant Melanoma• Diagnostic Criteria and Prognostic

Attributes

Benign Epithelial Tumors:

• Seborrheic Keratoses

• Acanthosis Nigricans

• Fibroepithelial Polyp

• Epithelial Cyst (Wen)

• Adnexal (Appendage) Tumors

• Keratoacanthoma

Premalignant and Malignant Epidermal Tumors:

• Actinic Keratosis

• Squamous Cell Carcinoma

• Basal Cell Carcinoma

• Merkel Cell Carcinoma

• Molecular Genetics of Skin Cancers

Tumors of the Dermis:

• Benign Fibrous Histiocytoma (Dermatofibroma)

• Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans

• Xanthomas

• Dermal Vascular Tumors

Tumors of Cellular Immigrants to the skin:

• Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis

• Mycosis Fungoides (Cutaneous T-cell Lumphoma)

• Mastocytosis

Disorders of Epidermal Maturation:

● Ichthyosis

Acute Inflammatory Dermatoses:

• Urticaria

• Acute Eczematous Dermatitis

• Erythema Multiforme

Chronic Inflammatory Dermatoses:

• Psoriasis

• Seborrheic Dermatitis

• Lichen Planus

• Lupus Erythematosus

Blistering (Bullous) Diseases:

• Pemphigus

• Bullous Pemphigoid

• Dermatitis Herpetiformis

• Noninflammatory Blistering Diseases: Epydermolysis Bullosa, Porphyria

Disorders of Epidermal Appendages:

• Acne Vulgaris

Panniculitis

• Erythema Nodosum and Erythema Induratum

Infection and Infestation

• Verrucae (Warts)

• Molluscum Contagiosum

• Impetigo

• Superficial Fungal Infections

• Arthropod Bites, Stings, and Infestations

* Normal Peripheral Nerve

* Normal Skeletal Muscle

A. General Reactions of the Motor Unit

1. Segmental Demyelination

2. Axonal Degeneration and

Muscle Fiber Atrophy

3. Nerve Regeneration and

Reinnervation of Muscle

4. Reactions of the Muscle Fiber

B. Diseases of Peripheral Nerve

1. Inflammatory Neuropathies

* Immune-Mediated Neuropathies

2. Infectious Polyneuropathies

* Leprosy

* Diphtheria

* Varicella-Zoster Virus

3. Hereditary Neuropathies

* Hereditary Motor and Sensory

Neuropathy Type 1

* Other Hereditary Motor and

Sensory Neuropathies

Cont….. 4. Acquired Metabolic and Toxic Neuropathies * Peripheral Neuropathy in Adult-Onset Diabetes Mellitus * Metabolic and Nutritional Peripheral Neuropathies * Neuropathies Associated with Malignancy * Toxic Neuropathies 5. Traumatic Neuropathies

6. Tumors of Peripheral Nerve

C. Diseases of Skeletal Muscle 1. Denervation Atrophy * Spinal Muscular Atrophy (Infantile Motor

Neuron Disease)

Cont…… 2. Muscular Dystrophies

* X-Linked Muscular Dystrophy (Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy and Becker Muscular Dystrophy)

* Autosomal Muscular Dystrophies * Myotonic Dystrophy

3. Ion Channel Myopathies (Channelopathies)

4. Congenital Myopathies 5. Myopathies Associated with Inborn

Errors of Metabolism * Lipid Myopathies * Mitochodrial Myopathies (Oxidative

Phosphorylation Diseases)

Cont….

6. Inflammatory Myopathies * Noninfectious Inflammatory Myopathies 7. Toxic Myopathies * Thyrotoxic Myopathy * Ethanol Myopathy * Drug-Induced Myopathies 8. Diseases of the Neuromuscular Junction * Myasthenia Gravis * Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome

9. Tumors of Skeletal Muscle

A. Bones1. Bone Modeling and Remodeling2. Bone Growth and Development3. Developmental (Genetic) and Acquired

Abnormalities in Bone Cells, Matrix, and Structure

3.1 Malformations and Diseases Caused by Defects in Nuclear Proteins and Transcription Factors

3.2 Diseases Caused by Defects in Hormones and Signal Transduction

Mechanisms3.3 Diseases Associated with Defects in Extracellula Structural Proteins

* Type 1 Collagen Diseases (Osteogenesis Imperfecta) * Type 2,10, and 11 Collagen Diseases

Cont…….3.4 Diseases Associated with Defects in Folding and Degradation of Macromolecules

* Mucopolysaccharidoses3.5 Diseases Associated with Defects

in Metabolic Pathways (Enzymes, Ion Channels, and Transporters)

* Osteopetrosis3.6 Diseases Associated with Decreased Bone Mass

* Osteoporosis3.7 Diseases Caused by Osteoclast

Dysfunction * Paget Disease (Osteitis

Deformans)

Cont…. 3.8 Diseases Associated with Abnormal

Mineral Homeostasis * Rickets and Osteomalacia

* Hyperparathyroidism * Renal Osteodystrophy

4. Fractures 5. Osteonecrosis (Avascular Necrosis)

6. Infections-Osteomyelitis 6.1 Pyogenic Osteomyelitis 6.2 Tuberculous Osteomyelitis 6.3 Skeletal Syphilis 7. Bone Tumors and Tumor-Like Lesions

7.1 Bone-Forming Tumors * Osteoma * Osteoid Osteoma and

Osteoblastoma * Osteosarcoma

Cont……. 7.2 Cartilage-Forming Tumors

* Osteochondroma * Chondromas * Chondroblastoma * Chondromyxoid Fibroma * Chondrosarcoma

7.3 Fibrous and Fibro-Osseous Tumors * Fibrous Cortical Defect and Nonossifying Fibroma * Fibrous Dysplasia * Fibrosarcoma and Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma

8. Miscellaneous Tumors 8.1 Ewing Sarcoma and Primitive

Neuroectodermal Tumor (PNET) 8.2 Giant Cell Tumor 8.3 Metastatic Disease

B. Joints 1. Arthritis

1.1 Osteoarthritis 1.2 Rheumatoid Arthritis 1.3 Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis 1.4 Seronegative Spondyloarthropathies

* Ankylosing Spondyloarthritis * Reactive Arthritis * Psoriatic Arthritis

1.5 Infectious Arthritis * Suppurative Arthritis * Tuberculous Arthritis * Lyme Arthritis * Viral Arthritis

1.6 Gout and Gouty Arthritis

Cont……

1.7 Calcium Pyrophosphate Crystal Deposition Disease (Pseudogout)

2. Tumors and Tumor-Like Lesions 2.1 Ganglion and Synovial Cyst 2.2 Pigmented Villonodullar Synovitis and

Giant Cell Tumor of Tendon Sheath

C. Soft Tissue Tumors and Tumor-Like Lesions 1. Pathogenesis and General Features 2. Fatty Tumors

2.1 Lipoma 2.2 Liposarcoma

3. Fibrous Tumors and Tumor-Like Lesions 3.1 Reactive Pseudosarcomatous

Proliferations* Nodular Fasciitis* Myositis Ossificans

Cont…. 3.2 Fibromatoses

* Superficial Fibromatosis (Palmar, Plantar,

and Penile Fibromatoses) * Deep-Seated Fibromatosis (Desmoid

Tumors) 3.3 Fibrosarcoma

4. Fibrohistiocytic Tumors 4.1 Benign Fibrous Histiocytoma

(Dermatofibroma) 4.2 Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma

5. Tumors of Skeletal Muscle 5.1 Rhabdomyosarcoma

6. Tumors of Smooth Muscle 6.1 Leiomyoma 6.2 Leiomyosarcoma

7. Synovial Sarcoma