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10/23/2018
DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT OF AURANGABAD Sand Mineral and Brick Kilns
As per Notification No. S.O. 3611 (E) New Delhi, the 25th
July, 2018 of Ministry of
Environment Forest and Climate change, Government of India
Prepared by
INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENT & ECO- DEVELOPMENT, PATNA
Ground Floor, Shyam Nagar Colony, Maurya Path, Khajpura P.O. B.V. College,
Patna-800014, Bihar, India E-mail- ieedindia2@gmail.com Website-
www.ieedindia.in Tel.: 0612-2590373, Telefax- 0612-2590373 M-+91-
9472919161, 7004620817
Submitted to
Under Secretary
Mines & Geology Department, Government of Bihar
DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT - AURANGABAD - BIHAR Page 1
PREFACE
The Ministry of Environment, Forests & Climate Change (MoEF&CC), Government of India, made
Environmental Clearance (EC) for mining of minerals mandatory through its Notification of 27th
January, 1994 under the provisions of Environment Protection Act, 1986. Keeping in view the
experience gained in environmental clearance process over a period of one decade, the MoEF&CC
came out with Environmental Impact Notification, SO 1533 (E), dated 14th September 2006. Now
again Ministry of Environment, Forests & Climate Change (MoEF&CC), Government of India
amended the notification S.O. 141(E) Dated 15th
January, 2016 videS.O. 3611(E) Dated 25th
July, 2018. It has been made mandatory to obtain environmental clearance for different kinds of
development projects as listed in Appendix-X of the Notification.
Further, in pursuance to the order of Hon’ble Supreme Court dated the 27th February, 2012 in I.A.
No.12- 13 of 2011 in Special Leave Petition (C) No.19628-19629 of 2009, in the matter of Deepak
Kumar etc. Vs. State of Haryana and Others etc., prior environmental clearance has now become
mandatory for mining of minor minerals irrespective of the area of mining lease; And also in view of
the Hon’ble National Green Tribunal, order dated the 13th January, 2015 in the matter regarding sand
mining has directed for making a policy on environmental clearance for mining leases in cluster for
minor Minerals, The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change in consultation with State
governments has prepared Guidelines on Sustainable Sand Mining detailing the provisions on
environmental clearance for cluster, creation of District Environment Impact Assessment Authority
and proper monitoring of minor mineral mining using information technology and information
technology enabled services to track the mined out material from source to destination.
The DEIAA and DEAC will scrutinize and recommend the prior environmental clearance of mining
of minor minerals on the basis of District Survey Report. This will a model and guiding document
which is a compendium of available mineral resources, geographical set up, environmental and
ecological set up of the district and replenishment of minerals and is based on data of various
departments, published reports, journals and websites. The District Survey Report will form the basis
for application for environmental clearance, preparation of reports and appraisal of projects. The
Report will be updated once every five years.
DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT - AURANGABAD - BIHAR Page 2
OBJECTIVES
The main objective of the preparation of District Survey Report (as per the Sustainable Sand
Mining Guideline) is to ensure the following –
Identification of mineral wealth in the district.
Identification of areas of aggradations or deposition where mining can be allowed;
and
Identification of areas of erosion and proximity to infrastructural structures and
installations where mining should be prohibited and calculation of annual rate of
replenishment and allowing time for replenishment after mining in that area.
DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT - AURANGABAD - BIHAR Page 3
INDEX
Sl. No. Chapters Page No.
Chapter-1 Introduction 4
Chapter-2 Overview of Mining Activity in the District 13
Chapter-3 The List of Mining Leases in the District with location, area and
period of validity
16
Chapter-4 Details of Royalty or Revenue received from minor minerals in last
three years
17
Chapter-5 Detail of Production of Sand in last three years 18
Chapter-6 Process of Deposition of Sediments in the rivers of the District 19
Chapter-7 General Profile of the District 23
Chapter-8 Land Utilization Pattern in the district: Forest, Agriculture,
Horticulture, Mining etc.
25
Chapter-9 Physiography of the District 28
Chapter-10 Rainfall: month-wise 33
Chapter-11 Geology and Mineral Wealth
Drainage System with description of main rivers.
Salient Features of Important Rivers and Streams
34
Chapter-12 Status of Brick Kilns in Aurangabad district 40
References 41
Annexures
DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT - AURANGABAD - BIHAR Page 4
CHAPTER-1
INTRODUCTION
As per Gazette Notification of 15th January, 2016 of Ministry of Environment, Forest and
Climate Change a survey shall be carried out by the District Environment Impact Assessment
Authority (DEIAA) with assistance of Irrigation department, Drainage department, Forest
department, Mining department and Revenue department in district of preparation of District
Survey Report as per the sustainable sand mining guidelines to ensure identification of are of
aggradations or deposition where mining can be allowed, and identification of areas of erosion
and proximity to infrastructural structures and installation where mining should be prohibited
and calculation of annual rate of replenishment and allowing time for replenishment after mining
in that area.
Every effort has been made to cover sand mining locations, areas and overviews of mining
activity in the district with all the relevant features pertaining to geology and mineral wealth in
replenishable and non-replenishable areas of rivers, stream and other sources. The mineral
potential is calculated based on field investigation taking coordinates of the area and gather all
relevant information and geology of the catchment area of the river or stream. Also gather all
data for bricks mining, taking area coordinates with local soil quality, availability of soil etc.
Also as per the site condition and location depth of mineable mineral is defined. The area of
removal of mineral in the river and stream is decided on geomorphology and other factors, it can
be 50% to 60% of the area of a particular river or stream. Similarly for bricks mining all data
gathered. Other constituents like clay and slit are excluded as waste while calculating the mineral
potential of particular river or stream. This District Survey Report shall form the basis of
application for environmental, preparation of reports and appraisal of projects. The report shall
be updated once every 5 years.
DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT - AURANGABAD - BIHAR Page 5
Historical Perspective:-
Aurangabad district is one of the
districts of Bihar, and
Aurangabad town is the
administrative headquarters of
this district. Aurangabad district
is a part of Magadh division. It is
situated on the Grand Trunk
Road. Aurangabad features in
traditional records. The Saint
Chyawan spent his life in this
district, and gives his name to a
product of the area, called
Chyawanprash. According to
Hindu mythology, a deity named
a small town in the area Surya
Devta. In modern times, the town's name is Deo, and is the location of a popular religious
festival called Chhat puja.
Location, Area and Administrative Details:-
Aurangabad is one of the 38 districts in Bihar. It is one of the 5 districts of Magadh division. The
head quarter of the district is Aurangabad. The district with a geographical area of 3389 Km2
between the longitudes of
840 00’- 84
0 45’ E and
latitudes of 240 30’ -25
015’ N is located in the
South Bihar Plains (SBP)
and constitute a part of the
marginal alluvial plains of
Ganga Basin. The Sone
River forms the western
boundary of the district and
at the southern boundary
lays the Chhotanagpur
Granitic Gneissic Complex
(CGGC) of Jharkhand
state, which forms a part of
the peninsular India. The
district is bounded in the
north and the east by the
Arwal district and the Gaya district respectively. The district has two sub-divisions namely
DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT - AURANGABAD - BIHAR Page 6
Aurangabad and Daudnagar and 11 blocks, namely Madanpur, Kutumbba, Daudnagar,
Aurangabad, Barun, Obra, Deo, Nabinagar, Haspura, Goh and Rafiganj. There is total 224 Gram
Panchayats covering 1712 villages in the district.
Topography:-
The District can be divided into two regions namely hard core rock region and Jalodhak
region.The district consists of flat alluvial plain. The northern portion of the district is mostly a
plain formed an alluvial soil and is extremely fertile. In a few portion of Aurangabad, fertile
alluvium is found. This is locally known as Kewal and is very suitable for paddy, wheat and
sugar-cane. In the southwestern part of this district, below the hills, sandy loam is found. The
only important and principal river of the district is the Sone which rises near the sources of
Narbada and Mahanadi in the elevated plateau of Central India near Maikal Hills. It treverses a
course of 520 kilometres through a hilly tract until it enters the gangetic valley opposite
Akbarpur in Rohtas district. It then passes Barun and Daudnagar and then leaves the district. The
Sone receives no tributary of any importance from the point where it enters the district until it
joins the Ganges. The river, as a matter of fact, does not enter the district and after passing Barun
and Daudanagar, leaves the district. At Barun there is a massive masonry dam on the river Sone.
Forest:-
Aurangabad forest is divided into four regions. The forest mostly have dry dedicous trees i.e.,
tandu patta, khair, plantseeso, akesia, ambala and bair.
In past the area was well known for its wildlife games. However, in present times wildlife is not
prominent in the tract. Jackal, hare, rats, monkeys and few reptiles are seen in this tract.
DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT - AURANGABAD - BIHAR Page 7
Basin/Sub-Basin and Drainage:-
The Aurangabad
district falls in
the Punpun River
Sub-basin. The
craton-origin
Punpun River is a
3 rd. order
stream, forming a
souther tributary
of the Ganga
River. It forms
the major
drainage and the
entire
Aurangabad
district falls in
the watershed of
the river. There
are other
drainages namely
Batane, Batre,
Adri, Ramrekha, Kasman, Madar, Dhawa etc, which merge with Punpun at different points
within the district and the trunk river flows out of the district as a single thread. Major stretches
of the river seem to follow the palaeochannels of Sone. The river in its northern stretches is
highly incised and often braided. The northwestern peripheral part is drained by the river Sone,
flowing from south-west to north-east. Though, the Sone and the Punpun bear little flow during
non-monsoon periods, most of the other streams in the district remain almost dry during the same
period.
Land use, Agriculture and Irrigation Practices:-
The people of the district depend on agriculture for their livelihood and sustenance. Rice and
wheat are the staple crops. Besides, mustard, vegetables and dal are richly cultivated, specifically
in the southern parts of the district. The northwestern parts of the district covering the blocks
such as Barun, Obra, Daudnagar, Goh and Hanspura get East Sone Canal water for irrigation.
Though, there is a culture of triple harvesting a year in the district, in many parts people fail to
achieve this due to lack of irrigation facilities.
Location of Aurangabad district in the map of Bihar:-
DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT - AURANGABAD - BIHAR Page 8
DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT - AURANGABAD - BIHAR Page 9
The district is divided into 2 subdivisions and 11 blocks which are as under:-
Division District Sub-division Blocks
Magadh Aurangabad 1. Aurangabad and
2. Daudnagar
1. Madanpur
2. Kutumbba
3. Daudnagar
4. Aurangabad
5. Barun
6. Obra
7. Deo
8. Nabinagar
9. Haspura
10. Goh
11. Rafiganj
DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT - AURANGABAD - BIHAR Page 10
Hydrogeology of Aurangabad:-
Water Bearing Formations:-
Unconsolidated Quaternary Alluvium,
weathered zone and consolidated (fissured)
formation-Granite gneiss form three
hydrogeological units in the district. About
95% of the geographical area of the
Aurangabad district is covered with
Quaternary Gangetic alluvial deposits. The
groundwater occurs under unconfined
conditions in the shallow aquifer whereas in
the deeper aquifers it occurs under confined
conditions. The shallow tube wells in the
depth range of 30-50 m are capable of
yielding 15-20 m3 /hr discharges, whereas,
the deeper aquifers are capable of yielding
50-100 m3 /hr. The thickness of the
weathered zone ranges from 5 m to 30 m.
Ground water occurs under unconfined
condition within the weathered mantle.
Joints, cracks, fractures and other types of
secondary porosity control the occurrence
and movement of groundwater. The
discharge and yield of the wells varies from
place to place due to in homogeneity of the fractures. The results of the exploratory drilling
carried out by the Central Ground Water Board at Deo in the hard rock area indicate presence of
2 to 3 sets of productive fractures down to a depth of 135 m (33-35 m, 68-70 m & 79-80 m depth
ranges). The yield from the wells varied between 30-40 m3 /hr. The transmissivity of the fracture
zones varied between 16-28.5 m2/day, whereas, the Storativity was estimated at 0.0111
indicating unconfined character of the aquifer.
Source: Centre for Ground Water Board (CGWB)
Climate and Rainfall:-
A warm and humid climate embraces the area. 175 The summer (March–June) is hot with mean
maximum temperature during June (peak summer) as 36.60C. A dry and cold winter (October to
February) records mean minimum temperature as 9.20C in January. Humidity varies from 24.7%
to 83.45% (Govt. of Bihar 1994). The districts in the SBP fall in the South Agro-Climatic Zones
of Bihar and the annual rainfall in this area varies within 990-1300 mm. 88% of this rainfall
comes during the southwest monsoon (June to September). The months July and August register
peak rainfall in a year .The last decade rainfall distribution indicates alternate peaks and troughs
in rainfall.
DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT - AURANGABAD - BIHAR Page 11
Soils:-
Three types of soil are mainly observed in the district:
a) Younger Alluvial soils,
b) Older Alluvial soils, and
c) Foot hill soils.
These soils have been formed as a narrow belt along the western periphery of the district
following the Sone River. These are generally yellowish white to reddish yellow in colour, sandy
to loamy sand in texture. Major parts of the district are occupied by the Older Alluvial soils.
These soils are composed of very fine to fine sand and clay. These are gray to grayish yellow in
colour and moderate to heavy
in texture. They develop wide
polygonal cracks during the
dry season. Layers of calcium
carbonate concretions are also
common in some places. The
foot hill soils occur at the
southern parts of the district in
the blocks of Kutumba, Deo,
Madanpur and Rafiganj. These
soils are mainly derived from
the crystalline rocks. These soils form a very thin veneer over the bed-rocks. These are generally
light textured, stony and gravelly, moderately acidic in nature. Most of these soils support the
forests.
Source: Centre for Ground Water Board (CGWB)
Connectivity:-
Aurangabad town is located in north east India on the national highway 02 (Grand Trunk Road)
at its crossing with national highway 98. It’s nearest large town is Bodh Gaya 70 kilometres
(43 miles) to the west. The capital of Bihar, Patna is 140 kilometres (87 mi) to the north east.
DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT - AURANGABAD - BIHAR Page 12
By Road
Some of the important
stations/routes from where
regular buses service is
available to & from
Aurangabad (Bihar)
1. Patna To
Aurangabad Bihar
Distance By Road:
140 Km
2. Ranchi to
Aurangabad Bihar
approximate
distance is 231
Kms.
By Train
Anugrah Narayan Road
(AUBR) is the Nearest
Railway Station, about 09
KM far from Aurangabad
City. NH-139 (Old NH-98)
and NH-19 (Old NH-02)
are the Major Highways
Connects Aurangabad
to Patna, Daltonganj, New
Delhi and Kolkata.
By Air
Aurangabad is not well
connected to other major cities of the country via regular flights. The nearest airport is Jay
Prakash Narayan International Airport in Patna at a distance around 140kms in North-East
direction.
DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT - AURANGABAD - BIHAR Page 13
CHAPTER - 2
OVERVIEW OF MINING ACTIVITY IN THE DISTRICT
Topography:-
The District can be divided into two regions namely hard core rock region and Jalodhak region.
The district consists of flat alluvial plain. The northern portion of the district is mostly a plain
formed an alluvial soil and is extremely fertile. In a few portion of Aurangabad, fertile alluvium
is found. This is locally known as Kewal and is very suitable for paddy, wheat and sugar-cane. In
the southwestern part of this district, below the hills, sandy loam is found. The only important
and principal river of the district is the Sone which rises near the sources of Narbada and
Mahanadi in the elevated plateau of Central India near Maikal Hills. It traverses a course of 520
kilometres through a hilly tract until it enters the gangetic valley opposite Akbarpur in Rohtas
district. It then passes Barun and Daudnagar and then leaves the district. The Sone receives no
tributary of any importance from the point where it enters the district until it joins the Ganges.
The river, as a matter of fact, does not enter the district and after passing Barun and Daudanagar,
leaves the district. At Barun there is a massive masonry dam on the river Sone.
General Geology:-
The general geology of Aurangabad district is Stretches hard/crystalline rocks exists along the
southern parts of the district covering the parts of Nabinagar, Deo, Kutumba, Rafiganj and
Madanpur blocks. As far as rock types are concerned, in the western parts, a narrow stretch of
Vindhyan rocks (sandstones and quartzite) exists, whereas in the central and eastern parts
granitic (porphyritic) and gneissic rocks predominate. The remaining major part of the district is
occupied by alluvium, which lies directly and unconformably over the basement rocks. The
basement rocks dip northward. In the southern parts of the district the alluvial cover over the
basement is thin ranging in thickness from few meters to few tens of meters, whereas in the
northern and northwestern parts, the alluvial cover goes up to a depth of 100-150 m below
ground. In the southern parts, basement is exposed as inliers in a linear fashion at many patches.
Availability of Mineral resources:-
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The mineral resources of Aurangabad district playing massive role in industrial, social and economic
development of the district.
Available mineral resources in the district:-
Sand
Sandstones
Quartzite
Approach to Sand Mining:-
River sand mining is a common practice as habitation concentrates along the rivers and the
mining locations are preferred near the markets or along the transportation route, for reducing the
transportation cost. River sand mining can damage private and public properties as well as
aquatic habitats. Excessive removal of sand may significantly distort the natural equilibrium of a
stream channel.
Main objectives of Sustainable Sand Mining:-
To ensure that sand and gravel mining is done in environmentally sustainable and
socially responsible manner.
To ensure availability of adequate quantity of aggregate in sustainable manner.
To improve the effectiveness of monitoring of mining and transportation of mined out
material:
Ensure conservation of the river equilibrium and its natural environment by protection
and restoration of the ecological system.
Avoid aggradations at the downstream reach especially those with hydraulic structures
such as jetties, water intakes etc.
Ensure that the rivers are protected from bank and bed erosion beyond its stable profile.
No obstruction to the river flow, water transport and restoring the riparian rights and in
stream habitats.
Avoid pollution of river water leading to water quality deterioration.
To prevent depletion of ground water reserves due to excessive draining out of ground
water.
DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT - AURANGABAD - BIHAR Page 15
To prevent ground water pollution by prohibiting sand mining on fissures where it works
as filter prior to ground water recharge.
To maintain the river equilibrium with the application of sediment transport principles in
determining the locations, period and quantity to be extracted
Streamlining and simplifying the process for grant of environmental clearance (EC) for
sustainable mining.
DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT - AURANGABAD - BIHAR Page 16
CHAPTER - 3
LIST OF MINING LEASES IN THE DISTRICT WITH LOCATION, AREA AND
PERIOD OF VALIDITY
E.C. Approved Sand Ghat Status of Aurangabad District
SR.
No.
Name of Sand
Ghat & River
Area
in
Hect
s.
Perio
d (in
Yrs)
Name of
Minor
Minerals
Name of
Granted of
Minerals
Concession
Annual
Capacity as
per
E.C./Mining
Plants/Tor in
MT.
Present
Status
1 Dihra Sand Ghat
(Son River)
4.9 5 Sand M/s Aditya
Multicom
Pvt. Ltd.
Near Hotal
Vandana,
Shivganj,
Pali Road,
Dehrion Son,
Rohtas, Bihar
2 Petarhi Sand Ghat
(Batane River)
1.5 5
3 Gautholi Sand
Ghat (Son River)
9.33 5
4 Mahirawan Sand
Ghat (Son River)
4.5 5
5 Dhongra Sand
Ghat (Batane
River)
4.8 5
6 Silar Sand Ghat
(Batane River)
4.5 5
7 Purnabigha Sand
Ghat (Son River)
4.9 5
8 Dumra Sand Ghat
(Batane River)
4 5
9 Pawai Sand Ghat
(Batane River)
4.8 5
10 Baghtarpa Sand
Ghat (Batane
River)
2.5 5
11 Bela Sand Ghat
(Punpun River)
2.3 5
12 Raipur Sand Ghat
(Batane River)
2.5 5
Details of new identified sand Ghats is attached in annexure-I
DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT - AURANGABAD - BIHAR Page 17
CHAPTER - 4
DETAILS OF ROYALTY OR REVENUE RECEIVED FROM MINOR MINERALS IN
LAST THREE YEARS
Sl. No. Financial Year Total (Rs. In Lakh)
1 2014-15 10075.12
2 2015-16 7298.90
3 2016-17 8824.70
Total 26198.72
DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT - AURANGABAD - BIHAR Page 18
CHAPTER - 5
DETAILS OF PRODUCTION OF SAND IN LAST THREE YEARS
Sl.No. Year Production
1 2014-15
2 2015-16
3 2016-17
Total
DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT - AURANGABAD - BIHAR Page 19
CHAPTER - 6
PROCESS OF DEPOSITION OF SEDIMENTS IN THE RIVERS OF THE DISTRICT
PROCESS:-
Sediment is a naturally occurring material that is broken down by processes of weathering and
erosion, and is subsequently transported by the action of wind, water and/or by the force of
gravity acting on the particles. Sediments are most often transported by water. Sediment is
transported based on the strength of the flow that carries it and its own size, volume, density, and
shape. Stronger flows will increase the lift and drag on the particle, causing it to rise, while larger
or denser particles will be more likely to fall through the flow.
Deposition is the processes
where material being
transported by a river is
deposited. Deposition occurs
when a river loses energy. This
can be when a river enters a
shallow area (this could be
when it floods and comes into
contact with the flood plain) or
towards its mouth where it
meets another body of water.
Rivers flood on a regular basis. The area over which they flood is known as the floodplain and
this often coincides with regions where meanders form. Meanders support the formation of flood
plains through lateral erosion.
When rivers flood the velocity of water slows. As the result of this the river's capacity to
transport material is reduced and deposition occurs. This deposition leaves a layer of sediment
across the whole floodplain. After a series of floods layers of sediment form along the flood
plain.
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Larger material and the majority of deposition occur next to the river channel. This is the result
of increased friction (with the flood plain) causing the velocity of the river to slow and therefore
rapidly reduce its ability to transport material. This leaves a ridge of higher material next to the
river channel on both banks of the river known as a levee.
If the upwards velocity approximately equal to the settling velocity, sediment will be transported
Downstream entirely as suspended load. If the upwards velocity is much less than the settling
velocity, but still high enough for the sediment to move, it will move along the bed as bed load
by rolling, sliding, and saltating (jumping up into the flow, being transported a short distance
then settling again). If the upwards velocity is higher than the settling velocity, the sediment will
be transported high in the flow as wash load.
As there are generally a range of different particle sizes in the flow, it is common for material of
different sizes to move through all areas of the flow for given stream conditions.
The various factors governing the occurrence and deposition of sand is country rock i.e.
geological disposition, climate, and rainfall, water load physical parameters of river and velocity
of water current. Rivers have a lot of energy and because they have energy, they do stuff. The
obvious things rivers do with their energy is flow but, besides this, they also transport load, erode
load and erode the channel through which they flow. Erosion is the breaking down of material by
an agent. In the case of a river, the agent is water. The water can erode the river’s channel and
the river’s load. A river’s load is bits of eroded material, generally rocks, which the river
transports until it deposits its load.
Capacity & Competence Rivers can only carry so many loads depending on their energy. The
maximum volume of load that a river can carry at a specific point in its course is called the age
river’s capacity. The biggest sized particle that a river could carry at a specific point is called the
river’s competence. Deposition to transport load a river needs to have energy so when a river
loses energy it is forced to deposit its load. There are several reasons why a river could lose
energy. If the river’s discharge is reduced then the river will lose energy because it isn’t flowing
as quickly anymore. This could happen because of a lack of precipitation or an increase in
evaporation. Increased human use (abstraction) of a river could also reduce its discharge forcing
It deposits its load. If the gradient of the river’s course flattens out, the river will deposit its load
because it will be travelling a lot slower. When a river meets the sea a river will deposit its load
DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT - AURANGABAD - BIHAR Page 21
because the gradient is generally reduced at sea level and the sea will absorb a lot of energy. As
rivers get nearer to their mouths they flow in increasingly wide, gentle sided valleys. The
channel increases in size to hold the extra water which the river has to receive from its
tributaries. As the river gets bigger it can carry larger amounts of material. This material will be
small in size, as larger rocks will have broken up on their way from the mountains. Much of the
material will be carried in suspension and will erode the river banks by abrasion. When rivers
flow over flatter land, they develop large bends called meanders. As a river goes around a bend
most of the water is pushed towards the outside causing increased erosion. The river is now
eroding sideways into its banks rather than downwards into its bed, a process called lateral
erosion. On the inside of the bend, in contrast, there is much less water. The river will therefore
be shallow and slow-flowing. It cannot carry as much material and so sand and shingle will be
deposited.
This is called a point bar or slip off slope Due to erosion on the outside of a bend and deposition
on the inside, the shape of a meander will change over a period of time. Notice how erosion
narrows the neck of the land within the meander. In time, and usually during a flood, the river
will cut right through the neck. The river will then take the new, shorter route. The fastest
current, called the thalweg, will now tend to be in the centre of the river, and so deposition is
likely to occur in gentler water next to the banks. Eventually deposition will block off the old
meander to leave an oxbow lake. The oxbow lake will slowly dry up, only refilling after heavy
rain or during a flood. Streams lose velocity and make deposits when their gradient decreases,
when the volume of water decreases, when there is an increase in cross section, when they
encounter obstructions, or when they enter still water. They deposit alluvial fans, alluvial cones,
piedmont alluvial plains, channel fill, bars, flood plains and deltas.
Rivers in the Gangetic plains have a habit of meandering, i.e., changing course. In India this is a
prominent feature of rivers which swell in the monsoon, occasionally suddenly, and the torrential
movement carves out a new course in the soft alluvial plain. The Ganga River, in Patna, has
meandered and migrated northwards in the Patliputra area. This migration has resulted in
deposition of earth on the south [right] bank of the river and created a massive space of a few
hundred hectares between the urban development line and the active river channel.
A river system can be divided into three subsystems:-
DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT - AURANGABAD - BIHAR Page 22
Collecting system (branches) -- consisting of a network of tributaries in the headwater
region, collects and funnels water and sediment to the main stream.
Transporting system (trunk) -- the main trunk stream, which functions as a channel way
through which water and sediment move from the collecting area toward the ocean.
(Erosion and deposition also occur in a river's transporting system)
Dispersing system (roots) -- consists of a network of distributaries at the mouth of a river
(delta), where sediment and water are dispersed into an ocean, a lake, or a dry basin
Removal of washed in Silt Load:-
Geologically, the district forms part of the vast Indo-Gangetic alluvial tract. The origin of the
Indo -`Gangetic tract as a whole is now attributed to the sag in the earth crust formed in the
upper Eocene times between Gondwana land and the raising of Himalaya belt. The economic
minerals found in the district are Sand, Soil and Kankar.
The sand deposits being an integral part of the dynamic river system to which it belongs.
Therefore, as a part of natural cycle, the monsoon flow of every river carries with it
replenishment of silt and washed out soil and clay from upstream areas in the catchment. This
silt shall be removed during the sieving of sand before it is loaded into truck/tipper/trailer to
carry to the consumers.
Sand mining is critical to infrastructure development around the globe. Sand is an essential
minor mineral used extensively across the country as a useful construction constituent and
variety of other uses in sports, agriculture, glass making (a form of sand with high silica content)
etc. The rivers are the most important source of Sand. It acts as source of transportation and
deposition of sand etc.
DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT - AURANGABAD - BIHAR Page 23
CHAPTER-7
GENERAL PROFILE OF THE DISTRICT
Sl.No. ITEMS STATISTICS
01 GENERAL INFORMATION
i) Geographical area (Sq.km) 3389
ii) Administrative Divisions 2
Number of Tehsil/Block 11
Number of Panchayat 203
Villages 1884
iii) Population (As on 2011 Census):
Rural
Urban
Total
2303219
236854
2540073
iv) Average Annual Rainfall (mm) 1106
02 GEOMORPHOLOGY
Major physiographic units Quaternary alluvium,granite-
gneiss
Major Drainages Punpun river
03 LAND USE (sq.km )
a) Forest area: 111sq.km.
b) Net area sown: 1393 sq. km
c) Total Cropped area: 1393 sq.km
04 MAJOR SOIL TYPES Loam,silty loam,weathered
residuum
05 IRRIGATION BY DIFFERENT SOURCES
(Area in ha, Govt. of Bihar 2008-09)
Area (ha)
Dug wells and Tube wells 4759,28.55 sq.km &11715,117
sq km
Canal 1150 sq .km
Net irrigated area 1820 sq .km
Gross irrigated area 1940 sq.km
06 PREDOMINANT GEOLOGICAL
FORMATIONS
Quaternary Alluvium
HYDROGEOLOGY
Major Water bearing formations
Pre-monsoon Depth to water level during 2011
Sand zones in quaternary
alluvium, weathered zones and
fracture zones
2.22-12.23m bgl
Post-monsoon Depth to water level during 2011
Long term water level trend in 10 years (2002-2011)
in m/yr
0.53-9.3m bgl
No significant decline
07 GROUND WATER EXPLORATION BY CGWB
(As on 31.03.2013)
No. of wells drilled (EW, OW, PZ, SH = Total) 1 EW,2 OW
Depth Range (m) 101-135 m bgl
Discharge 30-40 m3/hr
DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT - AURANGABAD - BIHAR Page 24
Storativity (S) 16-28.5
Transmissivity (m2/day) 0.0111m2/day
08 GROUND WATER QUALITY
Presence of Chemical constituents more than
permissible limit (e.g., EC, F, As, F )
Fresh and potable
fluoride
09 DYNAMIC GROUND WATER RESOURCES (as
on 31st March 2009) – in mcm
Annual Replenishable Ground Water Resources 103150 ha.m
Net Annual Ground Water Draft 21132 ha.m
Projected Demand for Domestic and Industrial Uses
upto 2025
6464 ha.m
Stage of Ground Water Development 23.2%
10 MINING SCENARIO
Total No. Mining Leases (Major Minerals) -
Total Area of Mining Leases (Major Minerals) -
Total Number of Quarry Lease (Minor Minerals) -
Total area of Quarry Lease -
Total Roylty or Revenue Received from Minor
Minerals in 2015-2016
-
Total No. Notified Sand Lease -
Total Area of sand Lease -
11 BRICK KILNS -
Total no. of Brick Kilns 258
Source: Centre for Ground Water Board (CGWB)
DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT - AURANGABAD - BIHAR Page 25
CHAPTER-8
LAND UTILIZATION PATTERN IN THE DISTRICT: FOREST, AGRICULTURE,
HORTICULTURE, MINING
Forest:-
Aurangabad forest is divided
into four regions. The forest
mostly have dry dedicous trees
i.e. tandu, patta, khair,
plantseeso, akesia, ambala and
bair.
In past the area was well
known for its wildlife games.
However, in present times
wildlife is not prominent in the
tract. Jackal, hare, rats,
monkeys and few reptiles are
seen in this tract.
Agriculture:-
With fertile soil and having good
irrigation facilities, about 80% area of
the district is under agricultural use.
The land level is plain and fertile land
of total area available for cultivation,
most of the area is used as double
cropped area. The people of the
district depend on agriculture for their
livelihood and sustenance. Rice and
wheat are the staple crops. Besides,
mustard, vegetables and dal are richly
cultivated, specifically in the southern
parts of the district. The northwestern
parts of the district covering the
blocks such as Barun, Obra,
Daudnagar, Goh and Hanspura get
East Sone Canal water for irrigation.
Though, there is a culture of triple harvesting a year in the district.
DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT - AURANGABAD - BIHAR Page 26
Horticulture:-
Aurangabad district is under
Low Level of Production in
Horticultural Crops - The low
level of horticultural
development has found in the
district.
These districts come under
the periphery areas where
there is a great lack of
infrastructure regarding
horticultural crops.
Floriculture in the district is
not developing in the same
fashion as compared to other
crops. So, there is need to
emphasis on these crops.
Horticulture cultivation is
always advantageous. It
paves the ways and means of
development. It has been
observed that it could be
developed in the state if the
government provides
protection and subsidies to
the farmers. There is a great need to emphasis on marketing management and boosting the
irrigation resource of the state along with that there is need of awareness on profitability and
techno managerial skill among farmers to promote the horticultural cultivation in the state.
Mining:-
The mineral resources of Aurangabad district playing massive role in industrial, social and
economic development of the district.
Available mineral resources in the district
Sand
Sandstones
Quartzite
DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT - AURANGABAD - BIHAR Page 27
Especially Sand mining activities is playing a significant role industrial, social and economic
development of the district. The sand mining carried out throughout the district mainly in stretch
of Sone River.
There are two stone mining site at Rafiganj and Madanpur block of the district. Stone Mining
work at Sadhail in Madanpur block is operation while Pachar stone mining is non-operational.
Some land holding in the district are categorized in medium and large stake holder.
Landuse details are given in below table:-
01 LAND USE (sq.km.)
a) Forest area: 111
b) Net area sown: 1393
c) Total Cropped area: 1393
02 AREA UNDER PRINCIPAL CROPS
IRRIGATION BY DIFFERENT SOURCES
(Area in ha, Govt. of Bihar 2008-09)
Area (sq.km)
Dug wells and Tube wells 28.55 & 117
Canal 1150
Net irrigated area 1820
Gross irrigated area 1940
DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT - AURANGABAD - BIHAR Page 28
CHAPTER-9
PHYSIOGRAPHY OF THE DISTRICT
The Bihar state can be broadly subdivided into three major unit’s i.e., main physical sub-
divisions is the Norhern Mountains, the Gangetic Plains and the Central Highlands.
Northern Mountains comprises the Himalayan ranges including their foot hills. The
Gangetic plains, situated between the Himalayas and the Deccan plateau,constitute the
most fertile plains of the sub-basin ideally suited for intensive cultivation.The Central
highlands lying to the south of the Great plains consists of mountains, hills and plateaus
intersected by valleys and river plains.They are largely covered by forests.Aravali
uplands, Bundelkhand upland, Malwa plateau, Vindhyan and Narmada valley lie in the
this region.Predominant soil types found in the sub- basin are sandy, loamy , clay and
their combinations such as sandy loam , loam , silty clay loam and loamy sand soils.
PHYSIOGRAPHY MAP OF THE BIHAR
DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT - AURANGABAD - BIHAR Page 29
The southern hilly ranges and the northern Gangetic Plains form two physiographic units of the
Aurangabad district. The southern hilly unit is undulating in character, occupied by high
mountain ranges and low valleys covering parts of Kutumba, Nabinagar, Deo and Madanpur
blocks. The constituting rocks of the hills dip northward and form the basement of the northern
lying Gangetic Plain. At the transition parts from hard rock to alluvial plain, the hard rocks are
exposed (linearly) at places as inliers. The northern alluvial plain slopes NNE.
The maximum elevation is attained to heights of 411.48 m above mean sea level by the hills
located south of Deo. The minimum elevation of ~80 m amsl runs at the northeastern parts
around Goh.
Soil:-
Three types of soil are mainly observed in the district:
DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT - AURANGABAD - BIHAR Page 30
(1) Younger
Alluvial soils,
(2) Older
Alluvial soils, and
(3) Foot hill
soils.
These soils have
been formed as a
narrow belt along
the western
periphery of the
district following
the Sone River.
These are
generally
yellowish white to
reddish yellow in
colour, sandy to
loamy sand in
texture. Major
parts of the district
are occupied by the Older Alluvial soils. These soils are composed of very fine to fine sand and
clay. These are gray to grayish yellow in colour and moderate to heavy in texture. They develop
wide polygonal cracks during the dry season. Layers of calcium carbonate concretions are also
common in some places. The foot hill soils occur at the southern parts of the district in the blocks
of Kutumba, Deo, Madanpur and Rafiganj. These soils are mainly derived from the crystalline
rocks. These soils form a very thin veneer over the bed-rocks. These are generally light textured,
stony and gravelly, moderately acidic in nature. Most of these soils support the forests.
Source: NBSS& LUP, Regional Centre, Kolkata
Hydrogeology of Aurangabad
DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT - AURANGABAD - BIHAR Page 31
Water Bearing
Formations:
Unconsolidated Quaternary
Alluvium, weathered zone
and consolidated (fissured)
formation-Granite gneiss
form three hydrogeological
units in the district. About
95% of the geographical area
of the Aurangabad district is
covered with Quaternary
Gangetic alluvial deposits.
The groundwater occurs
under unconfined conditions
in the shallow aquifer
whereas in the deeper
aquifers it occurs under
confined conditions. The
shallow tube wells in the depth range of 30-50 m are capable of yielding 15-20 m3 /hr
discharges, whereas, the deeper aquifers are capable of yielding 50-100 m3 /hr. The thickness of
the weathered zone ranges from 5 m to 30 m. Ground water occurs under unconfined condition
within the weathered mantle. Joints, cracks, fractures and other types of secondary porosity
control the occurrence and movement of groundwater. The discharge and yield of the wells
varies from place to place due to inhomogeneity of the fractures. The results of the exploratory
drilling carried out by the Central Ground Water Board at Deo in the hard rock area indicate
presence of 2 to 3 sets of productive fractures down to a depth of 135 m (33-35 m, 68-70 m &
79-80 m depth ranges). The yield from the wells varied between 30-40 m3 /hr. The
transmissivity of the fracture zones varied between 16-28.5 m2/day, whereas, the Storativity was
estimated at 0.0111 indicating unconfined character of the aquifer.
Depth to Water Level :-
(a) Depth to water level map of pre- and
DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT - AURANGABAD - BIHAR Page 32
(b) postmonsoon periods for Aurangabad district in SBP. The map displays the autoflow condition in the
district at its southwestern corner.
Source: Centre for Ground Water Board (CGWB)
DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT - AURANGABAD - BIHAR Page 33
CHAPTER-10
RAINFALL: MONTH-WISE
A warm and humid climate embraces the area. The summer (March–June) is hot
with mean maximum temperature during June (peak summer) as 36.60C. A dry and cold
winter (October to February) records mean minimum temperature as 9.20C in January.
Humidity varies from 24.7% to 83.45% (Govt. of Bihar 1994). The districts in the SBP
fall in the South Agro-Climatic Zones of Bihar and the annual rainfall in this area varies
within 990-1300 mm. 88% of this rainfall comes during the southwest monsoon (June to
September). The months July and August register peak rainfall in a year (Fig A). The last
decade rainfall distribution indicates alternate peaks and troughs in rainfall (Fig B).
(A) Average monthly rainfall in mm for Aurangabad district. (B) Trend in annual rainfall distribution observed during last 10 years (2000-2011) in the district.
Source: Centre for Ground Water Board (CGWB)
DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT - AURANGABAD - BIHAR Page 34
CHAPTER-11
GEOLOGY AND MINERAL WEALTH
Geology:-
The general geology of Aurangabad district is Stretches hard/crystalline rocks exists along the
southern parts of the district covering the parts of Nabinagar, Deo, Kutumba, Rafiganj and
Madanpur blocks. As far as rock types are concerned, in the western parts, a narrow stretch of
Vindhyan rocks (sandstones and quartzite) exists, whereas in the central and eastern parts
granitic (porphyritic) and gneissic rocks predominate. The remaining major part of the district is
occupied by alluvium, which lies directly and unconformably over the basement rocks. The
basement rocks dip northward. In the southern parts of the district the alluvial cover over the
basement is thin ranging in thickness from few meters to few tens of meters, whereas in the
northern and northwestern parts, the alluvial cover goes up to a depth of 100-150 m below
ground. In the southern parts, basement is exposed as inliers in a linear fashion at many patches.
The geology of the district can be divided as under:-
GROUP FORMATION LITHOLOGY
Quaternary-Alluvium Recent Fine to Coarse sand ,clay , silt
Older Fine to Coarse sand,gravel,kankars,
clay
……………………………………
………………..
UNCONFOR
MITY
…………………………………………
……………….
Pre- Cambrian Chhotanagpur
granite gneiss--
- granite
Coarse grained,porphyritic, gray in
colour
Granitic gneiss Grayish black to black in colour
Regional Geology:-
Geologically, it represents nearly two third of Bihar is under cover of Ganga basin composed of
alluvium and masks the nature of basement rocks.
Geological succession and their occurrences distribution
Age Geology Occurrences
Quaternary Alluvial Deposits (sand, clay, silt,
Fragments)
North Bihar Plain & Central Bihar Plain
Tertiary Sand Stones& Clay Stones North Champaran Hills
Gondwana Coal Measures, Forming a series Banka District
DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT - AURANGABAD - BIHAR Page 35
of small outlier basins
Vindhyans Sandstones, shales, Limestones
etc.
Parts of Bahbhua and Rohtas Disricts
Satpura Schist,Phyllite,Quartzite Part of Aurangabad, Gaya, Nawada,
Nalanda, Sheikhpura and Munger District
Proterozoic Schist, amphibolites, quartzite,
granites, dolerites and pegmatites
Nawada, Jamui and Banka
Archaean Gneisses,
Granites,Schists,Phyllites,quartzit
es, amphibolites & intrusive all
metamorphosed sedimentary and
igneous rocks
Part of Aurangabad ,Gaya, Nawada ,Jamui,
Banka and Bhagalpur
Mining:-
The mineral resources of Aurangabad district playing massive role in industrial, social and
economic development of the district.
Available mineral resources in the district
Sand
Sandstones
Quartzite
Especially Sand mining activities are playing a significant role industrial, social and economic
development of the district. The sand mining carried out throughout the district mainly in stretch
of Sone River.
There are two stone mining sites at Rafiganj and Madanpur block of the district. Stone Mining
work at Sadhail in Madanpur block is operation while Pachar stone mining is non-operational.
(a) Details of river or stream and other sand source of the district:-
Sand is one of the major minor mineral of Aurangabad district of Bihar. Son and Punpun
River is major sand source in the district.
(b) Availability of Sand or gravel or aggregate resources:-
Son and Punpun River is major sand source and in the district. The rivers of the district
bring out the sediment as bed load and suspended load during the monsoon period and
post monsoon when the carrying capacity of river decreases it deposit the sediment as
braided deposit, point bars, etc. these are the main source of sand in the district.
DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT - AURANGABAD - BIHAR Page 36
(c) Existing Mining Lease of sand and aggregates:-
Refer to Chater-3
Drainage system with description of main rivers:-
The rivers of the district bring out the sediment as bed load and suspended load during the
monsoon period and post monsoon when the carrying capacity of river decreases it deposit the
sediment as braided deposit, point bars, etc. these are the main source of sand in the district.
Drainage system with description of main rivers:-
Sl. No. Name of the River Area drained (Sq.
Km)
% Area drained in the
District
1. Adri 1.18 0.0357
2. Amjhar 0.14 0.0042
3. Batane 5.71 0.1727
4. Batra 1.08 0.0326
5. Hulia 0.28 0.0084
6. Jharhi 0.49 0.0148
7. Keshar 1.18 0.0357
8. Madar 1.27 0.0384
9. Punpun 6.20 0.1875
10. Son River 96.44 2.9180
TOTAL 113.97 3.448
Salient Features of Important Rivers and Streams:-
Sl. No. Name of the
River
Total Length in the
District (in Km)
Place of origin Altitude at Origin (in
m.)
1. Adri 35 Kataia 125
2. Amjhar 6.5 Sahiari 172
3. Batane 40 Dulare 151
4. Batra 20 Hanea 160
5. Hulia 10 Khajuri Panru 176
6. Jharhi 16 Umga 159
7. Keshar 35 Eraura 162
8. Madar 37 Baligawan 100
9. Punpun 130 Basdiha 151
10 Son River 72 Thengo 120
Methodology Adopted for Calculating of Mineral Potential:-
DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT - AURANGABAD - BIHAR Page 37
The mineral potential is calculated based on field investigation and geology of the catchment
area of the river/ streams. As per the policy of the State and location, depth of minable mineral is
defined. The area for removal of mineral in a river or stream can be decided depending on geo-
morphology and other factors, it can be 50% to 60% of the area of a particular river/stream, e.g.
in river mineral constituents like sand up to a depth of three meters considered as resource
mineral. Other constituents like clay and silt are excluded as waste while calculating the mineral
potential of particular river/ stream.
The specific gravity of each mineral constituent is different. While calculating the mineral
potential, the average specific gravity is taken as 2.25. The percent of mineral constituent like
sand also varies for different river and streams. While calculating the mineral potential the
percentage of each mineral constituent is taken as Sand 25-30% and 5-10% for silt and clay.
The quantum of deposition varies from stream to stream depending upon factors like catchment
lithology, discharge, river profile and geomorphology of the river course. There are certain geo-
morphological features developed in the river beds such as channel bar, point bar etc. where
annual deposition is more even two to three meters.
The details are given below:
River of Stream Portion of
the river or
stream
recommend
ed for
mineral
concession
Length of area
recommended
for mineral
concession (in
Kilometer)
Average
width of area
recommende
d for mineral
concession in
meter)
Area recommended
for mineral
concession (In lakh
Square Meter)
Mineable
Mineral
Potential (In
Lakh Metric
Tonne) 60% of
total Mineral
Adri 1.18 35 33.71 11.79 32.49
Amjhar 0.14 6.5 21.53 1.39 3.85
Batane 5.71 40 142.75 57.1 157.25
Batra 1.08 20 54 10.8 29.74
Hulia 0.28 10 28 2.8 7.71
Jharhi 0.49 16 30.62 4.9 13.49
Keshar 1.18 35 33.71 11.79 32.49
Madar 1.27 37 34.32 12.69 34.97
Punpun 6.20 130 47.69 61.99 170.73
Son River 96.44 72 1339.4 964.39 2655.95
TOTAL 113.97 401.5 176.57
(Average)
1139.64 3138.67
DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT - AURANGABAD - BIHAR Page 38
Mineral Potential is calculated in Following Way:-
Mineral Potential:-
Sand (MT) Total Mineable Mineral Potential(MT)
3138.67 Lakh MT 3138.67 Lakh MT
Annual Deposition (30%)
941.60 Lakh MT 941.60 Lakh MT
Conclusion:-
The process of Sand / Soil reclamations is highly dependent upon the rainfall received in the
catchment areas of rivers and their tributaries and the velocity of river. It is a dynamic process.
Thus it is difficult to predict, what quantity of Sand / Soil may be reclaimed/redeposit by river.
Because, in case of less rain, less water in the river, there may be less erosion and transportation
may also be minimal and as a result deposition too will be less. Moreover, in case of floods, the
sudden gush of water may force the change in the river course, thus old sites of sand deposition
may not be relevant.
The data narrated in the report, regarding annual deposition of sand and associated aggregates
and mineable mineral potential is concerned, is only estimation based on the data provided by the
district mining office. Thus, the figures may vary from area to area and year on year basis.
Therefore, this document is not static one but has to be a dynamic one, the figures of which may
vary with respect to time.
These mineral concessions shall also reduce demand load and will be helpful to minimize illegal
extraction of minerals, failure of which may result in to illegal mining at odd hours and shall be
haphazard and more detrimental to the local ecology. Irrespective of it following geo-scientific
considerations are also suggested to be taken into account during the river bed mining in a
particular area:
Abandoned stream channels or terrace and inactive floodplains may be preferred rather
than active channels and their deltas and floodplains.
Stream should not be diverted to form inactive channel.
DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT - AURANGABAD - BIHAR Page 39
Mining below subterranean water level should be avoided as a safeguard against
environmental contamination and over exploitation of resources.
Large rivers and streams whose periodic sediment replenishment capacities are larger,
may be preferred than smaller rivers.
Segments of braided river system should be used preferably falling within the lateral
migration area of the river regime that enhances the feasibility of sediment
replenishment.
Mining at the concave side of the river channel should be avoided to prevent bank
erosion. Similarly meandering segment of a river should be selected for mining in such a
way as to avoid natural eroding banks and to promote mining on naturally building
(aggrading) meander components.
Continued riverbed material mining in a given segment of the river will induce seasonal
scouring and intensify the erosion activity within the channel. This will have an adverse
effect not only within the mining area but also both in upstream and downstream of the
river course. Hazardous effects of such scouring and enhanced erosion due to riverbed
mining should be evaluated periodically and avoided for sustainable mining activities.
Mining area should be demarcated on the ground with Pucca pillars so as to avoid illegal
unscientific mining.
It is recommended that Sub Divisional Level Committee may take into consideration all
its relevant aspects / data while scrutinizing and recommending the application for EC to
the concerned Authority
DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT - AURANGABAD - BIHAR Page 40
CHAPTER – 12
BRICK KILNS IN AURANGABAD DISTRICT OF BIHAR
The state of Bihar is developing rapidly. In
the five year period from 2004 to 2009
Bihar’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
has grown by 11.03% and between 2001
and 2011 there has been a significant
increase in urbanization with the number
of towns increasing from 120 to 213
according to the latest census. This has
been possible through investment in various sectors, especially the construction sector. If this
growth rate needs to be sustained, the demand for quality building materials will increase
manifold. In rural areas too, Bihar faces challenges with the need for over 7.5 billion bricks over
the next five years to meet the rural housing gap. A field study was conducted in 5 districts on
Bihar to understand the present scenario of the brick industry and to assess the market potential
and barriers for introducing energy efficient technologies for walling materials. The major brick
producing districts of Bihar is Patna, Nalanda, Siwan, Muzaffarpur, Sitamarhi, East and West
Champaran, Darbhanga, Samastipur and Madhubani. With over 5,700 authorized brick kilns the
state produces around 17 billion bricks per year. The brick sector in Bihar is growing at a rate of
9%, however it continues to be dominated by traditional technology - the Fixed Chimney Bulls
Trench Kiln (FCBTK). Unlike the rest of India (except Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh and West
Bengal) the state of Bihar is the only state which has transformed the brick firing technology
from movable to fixed chimney.
Status of Brick Kilns in Aurangabad District
SL. No No of operational Units of Brick Kilns in
Aurangabad district during Financial Year
(2016-17)
No of Units of Brick Kilns in
Aurangabad district Identified by
IEED
1 222 258
Lists of Bricks Kilns are attached in Annexure –II
DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT - AURANGABAD - BIHAR Page 41
REFERENCES
1. Singh, U,(1965): “Ditribution and Character of Cities of The Ganga Plain.” National
Geographical Journal of India,Vol.XI P.37
2. Optimum Utilisation of Surface Water and Ground Water Potential Using Fuzzy Approach
National Systems Conference, NSC 2008, 17–19 December 2008
3. http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov results/Census2011Bihar.pdf
4. Census of India 2011 - Provisional Population Totals - Bihar - Data Sheet" (PDF).
Government of India, Ministry of Home Affairs, Vital Statistics Division. Office of the Registrar
General & Census Commissioner, India. 2011. pp. 1 & 2. Retrieved 16 August 2012.
5. http://cgwb.gov.in/District_Profile/Bihar/AURANGABAD.pdf
6. cgwb.gov.in/gwprofiles/st_Bihar.htm
7. www.cgwb.gov.in/Regions/GW-year.../GWYB%20MER%20(Bihar)%202015-16.pdf
8. www.census2011.co.in › Bihar
10. http://www.cwc.nic.in
11. http://www.ecobrick.in
12. https://en.climate-data.org/location.
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