dna replication and protein synthesis

1

DNA Replication and Protein Synthesis

2

Name?

Sugars

Bases

Strands

Bonds?

Location

Deoxyribose

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

A-T G-C

Two= Double Helix

Covalent= S-PHydrogen= B-B

Nucleus

Nucleotides

PhosphateSugar Base

3

4

5

6

7DNA Replication: Making Identical copies of DNA

8

DNA Replication

• DNA Replication occurs in eukaryotes in the nucleus of the cell.

• It occurs before cell division to provide each daughter cell with a full copy of DNA.

9

The Steps of DNA Replication

1) Helicase “unzips” the DNA.

2) Complementary nucleotides match up with bases of “parent DNA”.

3) DNA Polymerase builds the new strands (A bonds to T, C bonds to G).

4) Two identical strands are formed.

10

DNA Replication

11

What is the complementary strand

of this DNA?

AGTCAGTTCAT T CC A G A A G T

12

13

14

And these proteins make….Your Traits!

15

Some more review….

A protein is like a strand of pearls

Amino acids connected together by peptide bonds

Serine Lysine Arginine

16

SO how do we go from DNA to …well…you???

DNA RNA Protein

?Transcription Translation

17

What is RNA?

A Nucleic Acid

It helps make

proteins

Nucleotides

Ribonucleic Acid

Just like DNA…its cousin!!

P-S-B

18

SO then what is RNA like???

The sugar is Ribose

Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)

The sugar is Deoxyribose

Deoxyribose Ribose

19

Single stranded

DNA

2 Strands= Double Helix

20

There is no Thymine

Instead it has Uracil for its base

Soo…..

G goes with C

A goes with U

21

22

Where is RNA located?

1st in the nucleus

2nd in the cytoplasm at

the Ribosome

23

There are three types of RNA

24

Messenger RNA (mRNA)- Carries the message from

DNA to the ribosome

25

Every three bases on an

mRNA is called a Codon!!

26

An amino acid

Transfer RNA (tRNA)- Brings amino acid to Ribosome

Three bases on

tRNA

27

rRNA= Ribosome

Factory in which protein is made

28

How is RNA made?

29

Transcription

…..this is when we make RNA

Happens in the nucleus

It’s copying the message

from DNA

30

1. DNA Unzips

2. RNA nucleotides match up

3. RNA goes to ribosome4. DNA zips back up

Transcription

31

What is the strand of RNA if this DNA is

transcribed?

AGTCAGTTCAU U CC A G A A G U

32

DNA

Deoxyribonucleic acid

RNA Ribonucleic acid

Sugar

# of Strands

Bases

Name of process that makes it

Where is it made?

Deoxyribose Ribose

2= Double Helix Single strand

A-T G-C A-U G-C

Replication Transcription

Nucleus Nucleus

33

DNA

RNA

Protein

?

34

Me alegro de que tú sonrías Transcribe

Copy

Translate

To read/to turn from one language to another

I’m glad that you smile.

Me alegro de que tú sonrías

35

Transcription copies the message from DNA into RNA

Now its time to….

Read the message

Translate it!

36

TRANSLATION

Happens in the

Ribosome!

Making a protein

“Reading” the RNA code to figure out what protein

should be made

37

TRANSLATION

Ribosome

rRNA

CODON CODON CODON

C A C

VAL

G U A

HIST

Peptide bond

Anticodon

Amino Acids

CODON

Protein!!tRNA tRNA

38

39

40

41

1.mRNA hooks into Ribosome

2.tRNA brings Amino Acids to Ribosome

3.tRNA anticodon matches up with mRNA codon

4.Peptide bond forms between amino acids

5.Now we have a protein!

TRANSLATION

42

Amino acid chart from mRNA codons

43