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Published by NBS, part of RIBA Enterprises Ltd, and available from:
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Domestic Heating Compliance Guide
May 20061st Edition
© Crown copyright 2006
The Approved Documents are published by NBS for the Office of the Deputy Prime Minister.
This publication has been approved by Ministers and has official status. Copyright in thecontents, the cover, the design and the typographical arrangement of this publication restswith the Crown unless otherwise stated. The contents of this publication may be reproducedfree of charge in any format or medium for the purposes of private research and studyor for internal circulation within an organisation. This is subject to the contents beingreproduced accurately and not in a way that implies official status. Any publisher wishingto reproduce the content of this publication must not use or replicate the ODPM crestor replicate the official version’s style and appearance, including the cover design, andmust not present their publication as being an official publication as this may confuse thepublic. The reproduced material must be acknowledged as Crown Copyright and the titleof the publication specified. The Office of the Deputy Prime Minister does not accept anyresponsibility for the accuracy and comprehensiveness of any other versions.
Any other use of the contents of this publication would require a copyright licence. Pleaseapply for a licence by writing to the Office of Public Sector Information, Information Policy Team,St Clements House, 2-16 Colegate, Norwich NR3 1BQ. Fax 01603 723000 or emailHMSOlicensing@cabinet-office.x.gsi.gov.uk. Further information can be obtained fromwww.opsi.gov.uk.
ISBN-10 1 85946 225 1ISBN-13 978 1 85946 225 6
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The Building Regulations 2000As amended 2006
DOMESTIC HEATING COMPLIANCE GUIDE
COMPLIANCE WITH APPROVED DOCUMENTSL1A: NEW DWELLINGS AND L1B: EXISTING DWELLINGS
First edition May 2006
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Published by NBS for the Offi ce of the Deputy Prime Minister.NBS is part of RIBA Enterprises Ltd.
RIBA Bookshops Mail Order15 Bonhill Street, London EC2P 2EATelephone orders/General enquiries: 020 7256 7222Fax orders: 020 7374 2737Email orders: sales@ribabookshops.comOr order online at www.thebuildingregs.com
RIBA Bookshops66 Portland Place, London W1B 1AD. Telephone 020 7256 7222.113-115 Portland Street, Manchester M1 6DW. Telephone 0161 236 7691.Birmingham & Midland Institute, Margaret Street, Birmingham B3 3SP. Telephone 0121 233 2321.RSUA, 2 Mount Charles, Belfast BT7 1NZ. Telephone 028 9032 3760.Renew Rooms, 82 Wood Street, Liverpool L1 4DQ. Telephone 0151 707 4380.
© Crown copyright 2006
Stock code 57645ISBN-10 1 85946 2251ISBN-13 978 1 85946 225 6
This publication has been approved by Ministers and has offi cial status. Copyright in the contents, the cover, the design and the typographical arrangement of this publication rests with the Crown unless otherwise stated. The contents of this publication may be reproduced free of charge in any format or medium for the purposes of private research and study or for internal circulation within an organisation. This is subject to the contents being reproduced accurately and not in a way that implies offi cial status.
Any publisher wishing to reproduce the content of this publication must not use or replicate the ODPM crest or replicate the offi cial version’s style and appearance, including the cover design, and must not present their publication as being an offi cial publication as thismay confuse the public. The reproduced material must be acknowledged as Crown Copyright and the title of the publication specifi ed.The Offi ce of the Deputy Prime Minister does not accept any responsibility for the accuracy and comprehensiveness of any other versions.
Any other use of the contents of this publication would require a copyright licence. Please apply for a licence by writing to the Offi ceof Public Sector Information, Information Policy Team, St Clements House, 2-16 Colegate, Norwich NR3 1BQ. Fax: 01603 723000 or email HMSOlicensing@cabinet-offi ce.x.gsi.gov.uk. Further information can be obtained from www.opsi.gov.uk.
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Contents
PAGESection 1 Introduction 4
1.1 How to use this guide 5
1.2 Glossary 6
1.3 The Building Regulations requirements and the guidance in Approved Documents L1A and L1B 7
1.4 Replacement of primary heating appliances 8
1.5 Notifi cation of building work 9
Section 2 Gas-fi red space heating and hot water systems 10
2.1 Scope of guidance 10 2.2 Gas-fi red wet central heating systems 10 2.3 Gas-fi red range cookers with integral central heating boiler 16 2.4 Gas-fi red warm air heating 17 2.5 Gas-fi red fi xed independent space heating appliances 19 2.6 Gas-fi red fi xed decorative fuel-effect fi res 21 2.7 Gas-fi re for secondary space heating provided as part of a combined fi re
and back boiler unit 21
Section 3 Oil-fi red space heating and hot water systems 23
3.1 Scope of guidance 23 3.2 Oil-fi red wet central heating systems 23 3.3 Oil-fi red range cookers with integral central heating boilers 29 3.4 Continually burning oil-fi red vaporising appliances providing
secondary heating or hot water 30 3.5 Oil-fi red fi xed independent space heating appliances 31
Section 4 Electric heating systems 32 4.1 Scope of guidance 32 4.2 Electric boilers serving central heating systems in new and existing dwellings 32 4.3 Electric heating systems (other than central heating using electric boilers) 36 Section 5 Solid-fuel heating systems 38
5.1 Scope of guidance 38 5.2 Solid-fuel appliances for primary heating 38 5.3 Central heating systems using certain types of solid-fuel appliances 40 5.4 Solid-fuel appliances for secondary heating 46
Section 6 Community heating systems 48
6.1 Scope of guidance 48 6.2 Defi nition of community heating (CH) 48
Section 7 Underfl oor heating systems 55
7.1 Scope of guidance 55
Section 8 Heat pump systems 58
8.1 Scope of guidance 58
Section 9 Solar water heating 62
9.1 Scope of guidance 62
Section 10 Individual domestic (micro) combined heat and power 68
Appendix A Assessing the case for a non-condensing boiler 69
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Section 1 Introduction
Part L of Schedule 1 to the Building Regulations1 is concerned with the conservation of fuel and powerin buildings. For dwellings, Part L is supported by two Approved Documents, Approved Document L1A (ADL1A) and Approved Document L1B (ADL1B). In addition to Part L, other Regulations also bear on the energy performance of dwellings and their heating systems. ADL1A gives guidance on how to satisfy the energy performance provisions of the Building Regulations for new dwellings. ADL1B gives guidance on how to satisfy the energy performance provisions of the Building Regulationsfor work in existing dwellings. Both Approved Documents repeat the relevant regulatory requirements verbatim in various places, distinguished by a green background, with the aim of making them completereferences for ordinary purposes. In cases of doubt, however, it may be necessary to refer directly to the Building Regulations as amended.
These Approved Documents were published in March 2006 in support of the amendments to the Building Regulations, SI 2006:652. The amendment will come into force on 6 April 2006.
The new Approved Documents, ADL1A and ADL1B (2006), are more strategic in nature and rely on ‘second tier’ documents to provide detailed information on the minimum provisions necessary to comply with the requirements of the Regulations.
This guide (the Domestic Heating Compliance Guide) is a second tier document referred to in ADL1Aand ADL1B as a source of guidance on the means of complying with the requirements of the Building Regulations for space heating systems and hot water systems. The guide was prepared with the assistance of industry bodies. It covers conventional means of providing primary and secondary spaceheating and domestic hot water for dwellings in use in England and Wales at the time of writing.
For new dwellings, guidance is provided on the design limits for building services systems referred to in ADL1A. For existing dwellings, guidance is provided on reasonable provision for the installation or replacement of controlled services as referred to in ADL1B.
Figure 1 Status of the Domestic Heating Compliance Guide
Legal requirementsin the Building
Regulations andPart L of Schedule 1
1st Tier
Approved Document Part L 1A & 1B
2nd Tier
Domestic Heating Compliance Guide
3rd Tier
Industry guides,good practice guides,
codes of practicesand standards
The guide identifi es standards of provision that meet the requirements for systems in new build and in those in existing buildings when work is being undertaken. The levels of performance for new and existing dwellings differ only where practical constraints arise in existing dwellings. The Domestic Heating Compliance Guide covers a range of frequently occurring situations but alternative means of achieving compliance may be possible. The status of alternative provisions is explained in the ‘Use of Guidance’ sections at the front of the Approved Documents.
The guide also refers to third tier publications which include information on good practice for design and installation over and above the minimum regulatory provision.
1 The Building Regulations, SI 2006:652, including Part L of Schedule 1, apply in England and Wales. Separate regulations apply in Scotland and Northern Ireland and may require different provisions that those signalled in this guide as the minimum regulatory requirement.
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1.1 How to use this guide
The Domestic Heating Compliance Guide provides guidance on the means of complying with the requirements of the Building Regulations, Part L for conventional space heating systems and hot water service systems in dwellings.
The guide comprises four self-contained fuel-based sections, and fi ve specialist technology-specifi csections. Each fuel-based section addresses all the requirements applicable to primary and secondaryspace heating and hot water service technologies for the particular fuel. The specialist technology-specifi csections provide further guidance on the minimum provisions for particular specialised space heatingand hot water service technologies. The structure of the guide is illustrated in Figure 2 and is as follows:
• Fuel-based sections:– Section 2 Gas-fi red primary and secondary space heating and hot water service; 2– Section 3 Oil-fi red primary and secondary space heating and hot water service; 3– Section 4 Electric primary and secondary space heating and hot water service; 4– Section 5 Solid-fuel primary and secondary space heating and hot water service. 5
• Specialist technology-specifi c sections:– Section 6 Community heating; 6– Section 7 Underfl oor heating; 7– Section 8 Heat pumps; 8– Section 9 Solar water heating; 9– Section 10 Micro-CHP (Combined Heat and Power). 10
For any particular application, the relevant fuel-based section and/or specialist technology-specifi c section must be read in conjunction with this introduction and the following generic sections:
• Section 1 Introduction
• Section 1.1 How to use this guide
• Section 1.2 Glossary
• Section 1.3 The Building Regulations requirements and the guidance in Approved Documents L1A and L1B
• Section 1.4 Replacement of primary heating appliances
• Section 1.5 Notifi cation of building work
For each type of space heating or hot water service system, guidance on the minimum provisionsneeded to comply with Part L is supported by commentaries in italic font with a shaded background. These commentaries are labelled ‘Supplementary information’ and may be useful when interpreting the minimum provisions and, in some cases, provide links to best practice guidance. They do not specify minimum provisions.
Figure 2 How to use the Domestic Heating Compliance Guide
Section 1Introduction
Section 1.1How to use the guide
Section 1.2Glossary
Section 1.3Requirements of
Approved DocumentsL1A and L1B
Section 1.4Replacement of primary heating
appliances
Section 1.5Notifi cation ofbuilding work
Section 2Gas systemsPages 10–22
Section 3Oil systems
Pages 23–31
Section 4Electric systems
Pages 32–37
Section 5Solid-fuel systems
Pages 38–47
Section 6Community heating systems
Pages 48–54
Section 7Underfl oor heating systems
Pages 55–57
Section 8Heat pump systems
Pages 58–61
Section 9Solar hot water systems
Pages 62–67
Section 10Micro-CHP systems
Page 68
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Section 1.2 Glossary
Approved Document L1A ADL1A Approved Document L1A gives guidance on how to satisfy the Building Regulations energy effi ciency requirements when building new dwellings. Effective from 6 April 2006.
Approved Document L1B ADL1B Approved Document L1B gives guidance on how to satisfy the Building Regulations energy effi ciency requirements whencarrying out work in existing dwellings. Effective from 6 April 2006.
The Building Regulations Statutory Instrument SI 2000-531. The Building Regulations ensure the health, safety, welfare and convenience of people in and around buildings and reasonable provision for the conservation of fuel and power and access to and use of buildings by providing functional requirements for building design and construction.
Offi ce of the Deputy ODPM The government department responsible for producing andPrime Minister revising the Building Regulations.
Domestic Heating This second tier document in support of Approved DocumentsCompliance Guide L1A and L1B setting out the minimum provisions for all
conventional space heating and hot water systems provided in new dwellings and for work in existing dwellings to comply with the Building Regulations energy effi ciency requirements.
Minimum provision In this document ‘minimum provisions’ refers to the provisions needed to demonstrate compliance of space heating andhot water service systems installed in dwellings with the Building Regulations energy effi ciency requirements.
Supplementary information The commentaries labelled ‘Supplementary information’ may be useful when interpreting the minimum provisions and, in some cases, provide links to best practice guidance.
SAP SAP The Government’s Standard Assessment Procedure for Energy (2005) Rating of Dwellings (2005 edition).
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Section 1.3 The Building Regulations requirements and the guidance in Approved Documents L1A and L1B
The Building Regulations that bear on energy effi ciency are repeated for easy reference at the frontof both Approved Document L1A and Approved Document L1B before the sections giving technical guidance on compliance. The Approved Documents can be viewed on www.odpm.gov.uk.
For new dwellings the provision of heating and hot water services systems has to be consideredas part of the overall design of the building. For heating and hot water services systems works in existing dwellings provision can be considered in isolation. Both Approved Documents refer to this publication as the source of detailed guidance on what is reasonable provision.
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Section 1.4 Replacement of primary heating appliances
In order to comply with the energy effi ciency requirements, replacement appliances providing primary space heating and/or hot water in existing dwellings should meet the following conditions:
Replacement not involving fuel or energy switch
Where the primary heating appliance is replaced by one using the same fuel or energy supply, the seasonal effi ciency of the new equipment:
a. Should be as stated in the relevant fuel-based section of this guide.
AND
b. Not worse than two percentage points lower than the seasonal effi ciency of the controlled service being replaced. If the effi ciency of the appliance to be replaced is not known, effi ciency values may be taken from Table 4a or 4b of SAP 2005.
Replacement involving fuel or energy switch
If the new heating appliance uses a different fuel, the effi ciency of the new service should be multipliedby the ratio of the CO2 emission factor of the fuel used in the service being replaced to that of thefuel used in the new service before making the checks described in paragraph a or b above. The CO2 emission factors should be taken from Table 12 of SAP 20052.
The aim is to discourage an existing appliance being replaced by a signifi cantly less carbon-effi cient one.
Examples
An old oil-fi red boiler with a seasonal effi ciency of 72% is to be replaced by a dual solid-fuel boiler with a seasonal effi ciency of 65%. The equivalent seasonal effi ciency of the dual solid-fuel boiler would be:
65% � (0.265 � 0.187) = 92.1% (i.e. satisfactory)
where 0.265 and 0.187kg CO2/kWh are the emission factors for oil and dual-fuel appliances respectively as taken from Table 12 in SAP 2005.
An LPG fi red boiler of 81% effi ciency is to be replaced with an oil boiler (post 01/04/07). The new oil boiler must:
i. have an effi ciency of not less than 86% (Table 9) and also;
ii. its carbon equivalent effi ciency must be greater than the existing LPG boiler (minus maximum 2 percentage points allowed).
The existing LPG boiler effi ciency = 81% therefore the carbon equivalent effi ciency of the proposed new oil boiler must not be less than 79% (81%-2%).
To calculate the required effi ciency for the proposed new oil boiler with SAP 2005 fuel factors of:
Oil = 0.265, LPG = 0.234
The actual SEDBUK approved new oil boiler effi ciency must be greater than 79% (0.234/0.265) = 79%/0.883 = 89.5%
2 The relevant column in Table 12 of SAP (2005) is the one entitled ‘Emissions, kg CO2/kWh.’
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Section 1.5 Notifi cation of building work
The requirement L1 in the 2006 edition of Part L applies to all work covered either by the energy effi ciency requirements. Such work has to comply by making reasonable provision to achieve energy effi ciency. In most instances, this will require the building control body to be notifi ed of the intended work before the work commences, either in the form of a deposit of full plans or by a building notice. The execution of the work is then subject to checking and inspections by the building control body, with a completion certifi cate being issued on satisfactory completion of the work. In certain situations,other procedures apply. These include:
a. Where the work is being carried out under the terms of an authorised Competent Persons self-certifi cation (CP) scheme, no advance notifi cation to the building control body is needed.At the completion of the work, the registered CP provides the building owner with a certifi cate confi rming that the installation has been carried out in accordance with the requirements of the relevant regulations, and the scheme operator notifi es the local authority to that effect.
b. Where the work involves an emergency repair, e.g. a failed boiler or a leaking hot water cylinder. In such cases, there is no need to delay making the repair in order to make an advance notifi cation to the building control body. However, in such cases it will still be necessary for the work to comply with the requirements and to give a notice to the building control body at the earliest opportunity, unless an installer registered under an appropriate CP scheme carries outthe work. A completion certifi cate can then be issued in the normal way.
c. Where the work is of a minor nature as detailed in Schedule 2B of the Building Regulations which can be seen on page 14 in ADL1B. Again, the work must comply with the relevant requirements,but need not be notifi ed to building control.
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Section 2 Gas-fi red space heating and hot water systems
This section provides guidance on the specifi cation of gas-fi red space heating and hot water systems in dwellings.
All gas appliances must be installed by a competent person in accordance with the current issue of the Gas Safety (Installation and Use) Regulations. The installation should follow the manufacturer’s instructions and should comply with all other relevant parts of the Building Regulations and, for wet systems, the Water Regulations.
2.1 Scope of guidance
The guidance in this section applies to systems fuelled by natural gas and liquid petroleum gas (LPG); any requirements specifi c to either fuel type are identifi ed.
The following types of gas-fi red heating systems are addressed:
• Wet central heating systems.• Range cookers with integral central heating boilers.• Warm air heating systems.• Fixed independent space heating devices.
Where appropriate, it may be necessary to refer to other sections in this guide covering community heating, underfl oor heating, heat pumps, solar water heating and micro-CHP.
2.2 Gas-fi red wet central heating systems
This section provides guidance on the specifi cation of gas-fi red wet central heating systems for dwellings that, if followed, will satisfy the energy effi ciency requirements of the Building Regulations.
Terminology and applicability of guidance to different scenarios in new and existing dwellings
The guidance in this section applies to the following situations:
a. The specifi cation of central heating systems in new dwellings – this situation is referred toin this section as a new system.
b. The specifi cation of central heating systems in existing dwellings where previously space heating was not provided by central heating – this situation is also referred to in this section asa new system.
c. The specifi cation of a replacement central heating system and/or component in existing dwellings where central heating is already installed – this situation is referred to in this sectionas a replacement system.
In situations (a) and (b) above the guidance for compliance of new systems (in new and existing dwellings) with Part L is the same.
In situation (c) above, that is for replacement systems in existing dwellings, in most cases the guidancefor compliance with Part L is as for new systems, unless otherwise stated in the relevant section.
In order to comply with the requirements of Part L, gas-fi red central heating systems which are providedas new systems or replacement systems in dwellings should meet all of the following conditions:
a. The boiler should have a minimum effi ciency (as defi ned by its SEDBUK value) as given inTable 1 (row a).
AND
b. The minimum provisions for system circulation as given in Table 1 (row b) need to be met.
AND
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c. The minimum provisions for hot water storage and labelling of storage vessels as given in Table 1 (row c) need to be met.
AND
d. The minimum provisions for system preparation and water treatment as given in Table 1 (row d) should be met.
AND
e. The system should be commissioned in accordance with the minimum provisions given in Table 1 (row e).
AND
f. The minimum provisions for boiler interlock, zoning and time control and temperature control of the heating and hot water service circuits as described in Table 2 should be met. An acceptablealternative to these is any boiler management system that delivers the specifi ed zoning, timing and temperature and boiler interlock control provisions. When gas boilers are installed as part of a replacement system, the minimum level of system controls should be provided, as described in Table 2, unless they are already installed and fully operational. If an individual component of the control system is being replaced in an existing system, for example a room thermostat, it is not necessary to upgrade the system to meet the minimum requirements.
AND
g. Pipework should be insulated as described in Table 3.
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Tab
le 1
Min
imum
pro
visi
ons
fo
r b
oile
r ef
fi ci
ency
, sys
tem
cir
cula
tio
n, h
ot
wat
er s
tora
ge,
sys
tem
pre
par
atio
n an
d c
om
mis
sio
ning
of
gas
-fi r
ed c
entr
al h
eati
ngM
inim
um p
rovi
sion
for
new
sys
tem
s in
new
and
exi
stin
g dw
ellin
gsM
inim
um p
rovi
sio
n fo
r re
pla
cem
ent
syst
ems
in e
xist
ing
dw
ellin
gs
Sup
ple
men
tary
info
rmat
ion
a. M
inim
um
acce
pta
ble
ef
fi ci
ency
a. T
he b
oile
r ef
fi cie
ncy
shou
ld b
e no
t le
ss t
han
86%
(SE
DB
UK
va
lue)
; or
b. I
n ex
istin
g d
wel
lings
, in
exce
ptio
nal c
ircum
stan
ces,
as
defi
ned
in
Ap
pen
dix
A o
f thi
s d
ocum
ent,
in d
wel
lings
whi
ch r
ecei
ved
des
ign
app
rova
l prio
r to
1 A
pril
200
5, t
he b
oile
r ef
fi cie
ncy
(SE
DB
UK
va
lue)
sho
uld
, if fi
red
by
natu
ral g
as, n
ot b
e le
ss t
han
78%
or
if fi r
ed b
y LP
G, n
ot b
e le
ss t
han
80%
; or
c. T
he b
oile
r ef
fi cie
ncy
for
heat
ing
boi
lers
tha
t ar
e co
mb
ined
with
ra
nge
cook
ers
shou
ld b
e as
defi
ned
in t
he s
ectio
n of
thi
s gu
ide
‘Sec
tion
2.3
Gas
-fi re
d r
ange
coo
kers
with
inte
gral
cen
tral
heat
ing
boi
lers
’
Rep
lace
men
ts n
ot in
volv
ing
a fu
el o
r ene
rgy
switc
hTh
e se
ason
al e
ffi ci
ency
of t
he n
ew e
qui
pm
ent
shou
ld b
e:•
as d
efi n
ed fo
r ne
w s
yste
ms;
and
• no
t w
orse
tha
n tw
o p
erce
ntag
e p
oint
s lo
wer
th
an t
he s
easo
nal e
ffi ci
ency
of t
he c
ontr
olle
d
serv
ice
bei
ng r
epla
ced
. If t
he e
ffi ci
ency
of t
he
syst
em o
r ap
plia
nce
to b
e re
pla
ced
is n
ot
know
n, e
ffi ci
ency
val
ues
may
be
take
n fr
om
Tab
le 4
a or
4b
of S
AP
200
5R
epla
cem
ent
invo
lvin
g f
uel o
r en
erg
y sw
itch
If th
e ne
w h
eatin
g sy
stem
or
heat
gen
erat
ing
app
lianc
e us
es a
diff
eren
t fu
el, t
he e
ffi ci
ency
of
the
new
ser
vice
sho
uld
be
mul
tiplie
d b
y th
e ra
tio
of t
he C
O2
emis
sion
fact
or o
f the
fuel
use
d in
the
se
rvic
e b
eing
rep
lace
d t
o th
at u
sed
in t
he n
ew
serv
ice.
bef
ore
mak
ing
this
che
ck. T
he C
O2 e
mis
sion
fact
ors
shou
ld b
e ta
ken
from
Tab
le 1
2 of
SA
P
2005
– (t
he r
elev
ant
colu
mn
in T
able
12
of S
AP
(2
005)
is t
hat
title
d ‘E
mis
sion
s, k
g C
O2/
kWh’
)
Gu
ida
nce
on
ide
nti
fyin
g t
he
SE
DB
UK
e
ffi c
ien
cy f
or
an
ap
plia
nce
The
Boi
ler
Effi
cien
cy D
atab
ase
is a
vaila
ble
onl
ine
ww
w.b
oile
rs.o
rg.u
k) a
nd in
clud
es re
gula
rly u
pdat
edin
form
atio
n on
mos
t av
aila
ble
boi
lers
as
wel
l as
man
y w
hich
are
no
long
er in
pro
duc
tion
Man
ufac
ture
rs’ l
itera
ture
pro
vide
s S
ED
BU
K v
alue
sin
an
agre
ed fo
rm o
f wor
ds
to a
void
con
fusi
on
with
oth
er e
ffi ci
ency
val
ues
Man
ufac
ture
rs w
ill a
lso
sup
ply
SE
DB
UK
val
ues
for
thei
r p
rod
ucts
on
req
uest
Ap
pe
nd
ix 1
of
the
Do
me
stic
He
ati
ng
C
omp
lian
ce G
uid
e gi
ves
the
appr
oved
pro
cedu
refo
r es
tab
lishi
ng w
here
exc
eptio
nal c
ircum
stan
ces
exis
t. T
his
follo
ws
the
crite
ria s
et o
ut in
the
Gui
de
to t
he C
ond
ensi
ng B
oile
r In
stal
latio
n A
sses
smen
t P
roce
dur
e fo
r D
wel
lings
b. S
yste
m
circ
ulat
ion
a. S
yste
ms
for
spac
e he
atin
g an
d d
omes
tic h
ot w
ater
prim
ary
circ
uits
sho
uld
hav
e fu
lly p
ump
ed c
ircul
atio
nb
. If t
he b
oile
r m
anuf
actu
rer’s
inst
ruct
ions
ad
vise
inst
alla
tion
of a
by
pass
, an
auto
mat
ic b
ypas
s va
lve
shou
ld b
e pr
ovid
ed in
con
junc
tion
with
any
req
uire
men
ts fo
r a
min
imum
pip
e le
ngth
sp
ecifi
ed in
the
m
anuf
actu
rer’s
inst
ruct
ions
As
defi
ned
for
new
sys
tem
s. W
hen
boi
lers
are
re
pla
ced
, exi
stin
g sy
stem
s w
ith s
emi-
grav
ity
circ
ulat
ion
shou
ld b
e co
nver
ted
to
fully
pum
ped
ci
rcul
atio
n
Domestic Heating.indd 12Domestic Heating.indd 12 2/5/06 15:35:262/5/06 15:35:26
ONLINE VERSION
ONLINE VERSION
ONLINE VERSION
13
Tab
le 1
(co
nti
nu
ed
)M
inim
um p
rovi
sion
for
new
sys
tem
s in
new
and
exi
stin
g dw
ellin
gsM
inim
um p
rovi
sio
n fo
r re
pla
cem
ent
syst
ems
in e
xist
ing
dw
ellin
gs
Sup
ple
men
tary
info
rmat
ion
c. H
ot
wat
er
sto
rag
ea.
Ven
ted
cop
per
hot
wat
er s
tora
ge v
esse
ls s
houl
d c
omp
ly w
ith t
he
heat
loss
and
hea
t ex
chan
ger
req
uire
men
ts o
f BS
1566
:200
2.b
. Unv
ente
d h
ot w
ater
sto
rage
sys
tem
s p
rod
ucts
sho
uld
:i.
com
ply
with
BS
7206
; or
ii. b
e ce
rtifi
ed b
y th
e B
ritis
h B
oard
of A
grém
ent,
the
Wat
er
Res
earc
h C
ounc
il; o
riii
. b
e ce
rtifi
ed b
y an
othe
r ac
cred
ited
bod
y as
com
ply
ing
with
B
uild
ing
Reg
ulat
ions
c. P
rimar
y st
orag
e sy
stem
s sh
ould
mee
t th
e in
sula
tion
req
uire
men
ts
of s
ectio
ns 4
.3.1
or
4.3.
2 of
the
Wat
er H
eate
r M
anuf
actu
rers
A
ssoc
iatio
n p
erfo
rman
ce s
pec
ifi ca
tions
for
ther
mal
sto
res.
d
. All
hot
wat
er s
tora
ge v
esse
ls s
houl
d c
arry
a la
bel
with
the
fo
llow
ing
info
rmat
ion:
• ty
pe
of v
esse
l;•
nom
inal
cap
acity
in li
tres
;•
stan
din
g he
at lo
ss in
kW
h/d
ay;
• he
at e
xcha
nger
per
form
ance
in k
W;
• ve
nted
cop
per
hot
wat
er c
ylin
der
s sh
ould
car
ry c
lear
lab
ellin
g on
the
pro
duc
t su
ch a
s a
BS
I Kite
mar
k, r
egis
tere
d fi
rm s
tatu
s or
ref
eren
ce t
o an
eq
uiva
lent
qua
lity
cont
rol s
chem
e;•
vent
ed c
ylin
der
s w
hich
are
not
of c
opp
er c
onst
ruct
ion
shou
ld
be
lab
elle
d a
s co
mp
lyin
g w
ith t
he h
eat
loss
and
hea
t ex
chan
ger
req
uire
men
ts o
f BS
1566
.
As
defi
ned
for
new
sys
tem
sIn
sula
tio
n o
f p
rim
ary
sto
res
Bec
ause
of t
he h
ighe
r th
an n
orm
al s
tora
ge
tem
per
atur
es in
prim
ary
stor
es it
is v
ery
imp
orta
nt t
hat
thes
e ar
e w
ell i
nsul
ated
Wa
ter
He
ate
r M
an
ufa
ctu
rers
’ Ass
oci
ati
on
Per
form
ance
Sp
ecifi
catio
n fo
r T
her
mal
Sto
res.
ww
w.w
ater
heat
ing.
fsne
t.co
.uk/
wm
a.ht
m
Bri
tish
Sta
nd
ard
sB
S 1
566:
200
2 C
opp
er in
dire
ct c
ylin
der
s fo
r d
omes
tic p
urp
oses
. Op
en v
ente
d c
opp
er
cylin
der
s. R
equi
rem
ents
and
tes
t m
etho
ds
BS
720
6:19
90 S
pec
ifi ca
tion
for
unve
nted
hot
w
ater
sto
rage
uni
ts a
nd p
acka
ges
d. S
yste
m
pre
par
atio
n an
d w
ater
tr
eatm
ent
a. C
entr
al h
eatin
g sy
stem
s sh
ould
be
thor
ough
ly c
lean
ed a
nd
fl ush
ed o
ut b
efor
e in
stal
ling
a ne
w b
oile
rb
. Dur
ing
fi nal
fi lli
ng o
f the
sys
tem
, a c
hem
ical
wat
er t
reat
men
t fo
rmul
atio
n sh
ould
be
add
ed t
o th
e p
rimar
y ci
rcui
t to
con
trol
co
rros
ion
and
the
form
atio
n of
sca
le a
nd s
lud
ge. R
easo
nab
le
pro
visi
on w
ould
be
to fo
llow
the
gui
dan
ce o
n ho
w t
o p
rep
are
and
co
mm
issi
on s
yste
ms
give
n in
BS
7593
c. In
stal
lers
sho
uld
als
o re
fer
to t
he b
oile
r m
anuf
actu
rer’s
inst
alla
tion
inst
ruct
ions
for
app
rop
riate
tre
atm
ent
pro
duc
ts a
nd s
pec
ial
req
uire
men
ts fo
r in
div
idua
l boi
ler
mod
els
d. W
here
the
mai
ns w
ater
har
dne
ss e
xcee
ds
200
par
ts p
er m
illio
n,
pro
visi
ons
shou
ld b
e m
ade
to t
reat
the
feed
wat
er t
o w
ater
he
ater
s an
d t
he h
ot w
ater
circ
uit
of c
omb
inat
ion
boi
lers
to
red
uce
the
rate
of a
ccum
ulat
ion
of li
me
scal
e
As
defi
ned
for
new
sys
tem
sB
riti
sh S
tan
da
rds
BS
759
3:19
92 C
ode
of p
ract
ice
for
trea
tmen
t of
wat
er in
dom
estic
hot
wat
er c
entr
al h
eatin
g sy
stem
s
Domestic Heating.indd 13Domestic Heating.indd 13 2/5/06 15:35:262/5/06 15:35:26
ONLINE VERSION
ONLINE VERSION
ONLINE VERSION
14
Tab
le 1
(co
nti
nu
ed
)M
inim
um p
rovi
sion
for
new
sys
tem
s in
new
and
exi
stin
g dw
ellin
gsM
inim
um p
rovi
sio
n fo
r re
pla
cem
ent
syst
ems
in e
xist
ing
dw
ellin
gs
Sup
ple
men
tary
info
rmat
ion
e. C
om
mis
s-io
ning
a. O
n co
mp
letio
n of
the
inst
alla
tion
of a
boi
ler/
or a
hot
wat
er s
tora
ge
syst
em, t
oget
her
with
ass
ocia
ted
eq
uip
men
t su
ch a
s p
ipew
ork,
p
ump
s an
d c
ontr
ols,
the
eq
uip
men
t sh
ould
be
com
mis
sion
ed in
ac
cord
ance
with
the
man
ufac
ture
r’s in
stru
ctio
ns. T
hese
in
stru
ctio
ns w
ill b
e sp
ecifi
c to
the
par
ticul
ar b
oile
r an
d/o
r ho
t w
ater
sto
rage
sys
tem
b. T
he in
stal
ler
shou
ld g
ive
a fu
ll ex
pla
natio
n of
the
sys
tem
and
its
oper
atio
n to
the
use
r, in
clud
ing
the
man
ufac
ture
r’s u
ser
man
ual
whe
re p
rovi
ded
c. O
nce
the
inst
alla
tion
of a
gas
-fi re
d b
oile
r is
com
ple
te t
he C
OR
GI
inst
alle
r sh
ould
not
ify C
OR
GI w
ho w
ill s
end
a B
uild
ing
Reg
ulat
ions
C
omp
lianc
e C
ertifi
cat
e to
the
bui
lder
, or
hous
ehol
der
in t
he c
ase
of w
ork
in a
n ex
istin
g d
wel
ling,
and
not
ify t
he b
uild
ing
cont
rol
bod
y on
the
ir b
ehal
fd
. If t
he in
stal
ler
is n
ot r
egis
tere
d w
ith a
‘com
pet
ent
per
son’
sche
me
for
the
pur
pos
es o
f sel
f-ce
rtify
ing
com
plia
nce
with
the
Bui
ldin
g R
egul
atio
ns, t
hen
he/s
he, o
r th
e p
erso
n co
mm
issi
onin
gth
e w
ork,
sho
uld
not
ify t
he b
uild
ing
cont
rol b
ody
prio
r to
the
co
mm
ence
men
t of
the
wor
k.
As
defi
ned
for
new
sys
tem
sT
he
Be
nch
ma
rk s
yste
m•
The
Ben
chm
ark
Com
mis
sion
ing
Che
cklis
t ca
n b
e us
ed t
o sh
ow t
hat
com
mis
sion
ing
has
bee
n ca
rrie
d o
ut s
atis
fact
orily
. Ben
chm
ark
licen
ce-
hold
ers
pro
vid
e a
chec
klis
t w
ith t
he a
pp
lianc
e fo
r co
mp
letio
n b
y th
e p
erso
ns c
omm
issi
onin
g th
e sy
stem
so
that
the
y ca
n re
cord
tha
t al
l the
ch
ecks
hav
e b
een
mad
e an
d t
he r
esul
ts s
how
ef
fi cie
nt o
pera
tion
of th
e eq
uipm
ent i
n co
mpl
ianc
ew
ith P
art
L. T
he B
ench
mar
k ch
eckl
ist
shou
ld
be
pro
vid
ed t
o th
e b
uild
er, o
r th
e ho
useh
old
er
in t
he c
ase
of w
ork
in e
xist
ing
dw
ellin
gs, a
n ap
poi
nted
age
nt, o
r th
e en
d u
ser
• A
Ben
chm
ark
Com
mis
sion
ing
Che
cklis
t w
ill b
e in
clud
ed in
all
HH
IC g
as b
oile
r m
anuf
actu
rer
mem
ber
s’ in
stal
latio
n m
anua
ls t
o he
lp in
stal
lers
re
cord
info
rmat
ion
abou
t th
e in
stal
latio
n in
or
der
to
assi
st w
ith s
ervi
cing
and
rep
airs
.Fo
r ex
amp
le, d
etai
ls o
f sys
tem
cle
aner
s an
d
inhi
bito
rs c
an b
e re
cord
ed•
Onl
y m
anuf
actu
ring
com
pan
ies
who
hol
d a
B
ench
mar
k lic
ence
will
be
elig
ible
to
use
the
Ben
chm
ark
logo
and
the
ap
pro
ved
log
boo
k w
ord
ing
and
layo
ut (B
ench
mar
k is
reg
iste
red
as
a E
urop
ean
Col
lect
ive
Mar
k b
y th
e H
eatin
g an
d H
otw
ater
Info
rmat
ion
Cou
ncil
Ltd
and
the
co
nten
t is
cop
yrig
ht)
Domestic Heating.indd 14Domestic Heating.indd 14 2/5/06 15:35:262/5/06 15:35:26
ONLINE VERSION
ONLINE VERSION
ONLINE VERSION
15
Tab
le 2
Min
imum
pro
visi
ons
fo
r co
ntro
l of
gas
-fi r
ed c
entr
al h
eati
ng s
yste
ms*
Sys
tem
co
ntro
lM
inim
um p
rovi
sio
ns f
or
ne
w s
yste
ms
Min
imum
pro
visi
ons
for r
epla
cem
ent s
yste
ms
Bo
iler
inte
rlo
ck•
Boi
ler-
bas
ed s
yste
ms
shou
ld h
ave
boi
ler
cont
rol i
nter
lock
in w
hich
con
trol
s ar
e w
ired
so
that
whe
n th
ere
is n
o d
eman
dfo
r ei
ther
sp
ace
heat
ing
or h
ot w
ater
, the
boi
ler
and
pum
p a
re s
witc
hed
off
• Th
e us
e of
The
rmos
tatic
Rad
iato
r Va
lves
(TR
Vs)
alo
ne d
oes
not
pro
vid
e in
terlo
ck
As
defi
ned
for
new
sys
tem
s
Sp
ace
heat
ing
zo
nes
• D
wel
ling
s w
ith
a to
tal u
sab
le fl
oo
r ar
ea u
p t
o 1
50m
2 sh
ould
be
div
ided
into
at
leas
t tw
o sp
ace
heat
ing
zone
s w
ith
ind
epen
den
t te
mp
erat
ure
cont
rol,
one
of w
hich
is a
ssig
ned
to
the
livin
g ar
ea•
Dw
ellin
gs
wit
h a
tota
l usa
ble
fl o
or
area
gre
ater
tha
n 15
0m2
shou
ld b
e p
rovi
ded
with
at
leas
t tw
o sp
ace
heat
ing
zone
s, e
ach
havi
ng s
epar
ate
timin
g an
d t
emp
erat
ure
cont
rols
• S
ingl
e-st
orey
ope
n-pl
an d
wel
lings
in w
hich
the
livin
g ar
ea is
gre
ater
than
70%
of t
he to
tal fl
oor
are
a –
sub-
zoni
ngof
tem
per
atur
e co
ntro
l is
not
app
rop
riate
As
defi
ned
for
new
sys
tem
s ex
cep
t w
here
the
bo
iler o
nly
is re
plac
ed, i
n w
hich
cas
e re
ason
able
pro
visi
on fo
r a
spac
e he
atin
g sy
stem
wou
ld
be
to c
ontr
ol a
s on
e zo
ne.
Wat
er h
eati
ng
zone
s•
All
dw
ellin
gs
sho
uld
hav
e a
sep
arat
e ho
t w
ater
ser
vice
zo
ne in
ad
dit
ion
to s
pac
e he
atin
g z
one
s•
A s
epar
ate
hot
wat
er s
ervi
ce z
one
is n
ot
req
uire
d if
the
ho
t w
ater
is p
rod
uced
inst
anta
neo
usly
, suc
h as
wit
h a
com
bin
atio
n b
oile
r
As
defi
ned
for
new
sys
tem
s
Tim
e co
ntro
l of
spac
e an
d w
ater
he
atin
g
Tim
e co
ntro
l of s
pac
e an
d w
ater
hea
ting
shou
ld b
e p
rovi
ded
by:
i. a
full
pro
gram
mer
with
sep
arat
e tim
ing
to e
ach
circ
uit;
ii. t
wo
or m
ore
sep
arat
e tim
ers
pro
vid
ing
timin
g co
ntro
l to
each
circ
uit;
or
iii.
pro
gram
mab
le r
oom
the
rmos
tat(s
) to
the
heat
ing
circ
uit(s
), w
ith s
epar
ate
timin
g of
the
hot
wat
er c
ircui
t.Fo
r d
wel
lings
with
a t
otal
usa
ble
fl oo
r ar
ea g
reat
er t
han
150m
2 tim
ing
of t
he s
epar
ate
spac
e he
atin
g zo
nes
can
be
achi
eved
by:
i. m
ultip
le h
eatin
g zo
ne p
rogr
amm
ers;
or
ii. a
sin
gle
mul
ti-ch
anne
l pro
gram
mer
; or
iii.
pro
gram
mab
le r
oom
the
rmos
tats
; or
iv.
sep
arat
e tim
ers
to e
ach
circ
uit;
or
v. a
com
bin
atio
n of
(iii)
and
(iv)
ab
ove
Whe
re t
he h
ot w
ater
is p
rod
uced
inst
anta
neou
sly,
suc
h as
with
a c
omb
inat
ion
boi
ler,
time
cont
rol i
s on
ly r
equi
red
for
spac
e he
atin
g zo
nes
As
defi
ned
for
new
sys
tem
s ex
cep
t w
here
on
ly t
he h
ot w
ater
cyl
ind
er is
bei
ng r
epla
ced
in
a r
epla
cem
ent
syst
em a
nd s
epar
ate
time
cont
rol f
or t
he h
ot w
ater
circ
uit
is n
ot p
rese
nt.
In t
his
case
it is
acc
epta
ble
to
have
a s
ingl
e tim
ing
cont
rol f
or b
oth
spac
e he
atin
g an
dho
t w
ater
Tem
per
atur
e co
ntro
l of
spac
e he
atin
g
Sep
arat
e te
mp
erat
ure
cont
rol o
f zon
es w
ithin
the
dw
ellin
g, s
houl
d b
e p
rovi
ded
, usi
ng:
i. ro
om t
herm
osta
ts o
r p
rogr
amm
able
roo
m t
herm
osta
ts in
all
zone
s; o
rii.
a r
oom
the
rmos
tat
or p
rogr
amm
able
roo
m t
herm
osta
t in
the
mai
n zo
ne a
nd in
div
idua
l rad
iato
r co
ntro
ls s
uch
as
Ther
mos
tatic
Rad
iato
r Va
lves
(TR
Vs)
on
all r
adia
tors
in t
he o
ther
zon
es; o
riii
. a
com
bin
atio
n of
(i) a
nd (i
i) ab
ove
For
rep
lace
men
t sy
stem
s w
here
onl
y th
e ho
t w
ater
cyl
ind
er is
bei
ng r
epla
ced
and
whe
re
hot
wat
er is
on
a gr
avity
circ
ulat
ion
syst
em a
th
erm
o-m
echa
nica
l cyl
ind
er t
herm
osta
t sh
ould
be
inst
alle
d a
s a
min
imum
pro
visi
on
Tem
per
atur
e co
ntro
l of
hot
wat
erse
rvic
e sy
stem
• D
omes
tic h
ot w
ater
sys
tem
s sh
ould
be
pro
vid
ed w
ith a
cyl
ind
er t
herm
osta
t an
d a
zon
e va
lve
or t
hree
-por
t va
lve
to
cont
rol t
he t
emp
erat
ure
of s
tore
d h
ot w
ater
• In
dw
ellin
gs w
ith a
tot
al fl
oor
area
gre
ater
tha
n 15
0m2
it co
uld
be
reas
onab
le t
o p
rovi
de
mor
e th
an o
ne h
ot w
ater
ci
rcui
t, e
ach
havi
ng s
epar
ate
timin
g an
d t
emp
erat
ure
cont
rols
. Thi
s ca
n b
e ac
hiev
ed b
y:i.
mul
tiple
hea
ting
zone
pro
gram
mer
s; o
rii.
a s
ingl
e m
ulti-
chan
nel p
rogr
amm
er; o
riii
. se
par
ate
timer
s to
eac
h ci
rcui
t•
The
use
of n
on-e
lect
ric h
ot w
ater
con
trol
lers
doe
s no
t m
eet
this
req
uire
men
t. A
lso,
in s
ome
circ
umst
ance
s, s
uch
as
ther
mal
sto
res,
a z
one
valv
e is
not
ap
pro
pria
te; a
sec
ond
pum
p c
ould
be
sub
stitu
ted
for
the
zone
val
ve
As
a m
inim
um p
rovi
sion
a t
herm
o-m
echa
nica
l cy
lind
er t
herm
osta
t sh
ould
be
inst
alle
d
Su
pp
lem
en
tary
info
rma
tio
nM
ore
det
ails
on
cont
rol s
yste
ms
can
be
foun
d in
man
ufac
ture
rs’ l
itera
ture
and
on
the
the
Ass
ocia
tion
of C
ontr
ols
Man
ufac
ture
rs (T
AC
MA
) web
site
ww
w.h
eatin
gcon
trol
s.or
g.uk
*An
acce
ptab
le a
ltern
ativ
e to
thes
e co
ntro
ls is
any
boi
ler
man
agem
ent c
ontr
ol s
yste
m th
at m
eets
the
spec
ifi ed
zon
ing,
tim
ing
and
tem
pera
ture
and
boi
ler
inte
rlock
con
trol
requ
irem
ents
.
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Table 3 Minimum provisions for insulation of pipes serving gas-fi red central heating systemsMinimum provision Supplementary information
In new systems pipes should, in the following cases, be insulated with insulation complying with the requirements of the Domestic Heating Compliance guide (in line with the maximum permissible heat loss indicated in the Supplementary Information column), and labelled accordingly:
• Primary circulation pipes for heating and hot water circuits should be insulated wherever they pass outside the heated living space or through voids which communicate with and are ventilated from unheated spaces
• Primary circulation pipes for hot water service circuits should be insulated throughout their length, subject only to practical constraints imposed by theneed to penetrate joists and other structural elements
• All pipes connected to hot water storage vessels, including the vent pipe, should be insulated for at least 1m from their points of connection to the cylinder (or they should be insulated up to the point where they become concealed)
• If secondary circulation is used, all pipes kept hot by that circulation should be insulated
For replacement systems, whenever a boiler or hot water storage vessel is replaced in an existing system, any pipes (in the situations above) that are exposed as part of the work or are otherwise accessible should be insulated as recommended in this guide (in line with the maximum permissible heat loss indicated in the Supplementary Information column), and labelled accordingly – or to some lesser standard where practical constraints dictate.
Insulation for pipework in unheated areasExtra provision may need to be made to protectcentral heating and hot water pipework in unheated areas against freezing. Further guidance is available in:• BS 5422:2001 Method for specifying thermal
insulating materials for pipes, tanks, vessels, ductwork and equipment operating within the temperature range of –40°C to +700°C
• BRE Report No 262 Thermal insulation: avoiding risks, 2002 edition
Where insulation is labelled as complying with the Domestic Heating Compliance Guide it must not exceed the following heat loss levels:
Pipe diameter (OD)mm
Maximum permissibleheat loss*(W/m)
8mm 7.06
10mm 7.23
12mm 7.35
15mm 7.89
22mm 9.12
28mm 10.07
35mm 11.08
42mm 12.19
54mm 14.12
*In assessing the thickness of insulation required to meet the provision, standardised conditions shouldbe used in all compliance calculations based in this instance on a horizontal pipe at 60ºC in still air at 15ºC
Further assistance in converting these heat loss limits to levels (thickness) of insulation for specifi c thermal conductivities is found in the TIMSA HVAC Guidance for achieving compliance with Part L of the Building Regulations
2.3 Gas-fi red range cookers with integral central heating boiler
This section provides guidance on the specifi cation of gas-fi red range cookers with integral central heating boilers for space heating and hot water in dwellings.
In order to comply with the requirements of Part L, gas-fi red range cookers with an integral central heating boiler which are provided in new or existing dwellings should meet the following conditions:
a. The appliance should have two independently controlled burners (one for the cooking functionand one for the boiler) and the boiler should have a Seasonal Effi ciency (SEDBUK3) value in excessof 75%. Information about appliance performance should be included in declarations to building control bodies and in the commissioning information given at completion. The manufacturer’s declaration of appliance performance and SEDBUK value should include the following words:
3 SEDBUK effi ciency values can be found in the Government’s Standard Assessment Procedure for Energy Rating of Dwellings (2005 edition) www.bre.co.uk/sap2005
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• Seasonal effi ciency (SEDBUK) = xx%• Case heat emission value = yy kW• Heat transfer to water at full load = zzkW• The values are used in the UK Government’s Standard Assessment Procedure (SAP) for the
energy rating of dwellings. The test data from which they have been calculated has been certifi ed by {insert name and/or identifi cation of Notifi ed body}.
AND
b. The minimum provisions for gas-fi red central heating systems should be met with respect to the integral central heating boilers as given in Table 1 (rows B–E);
AND
c. The minimum provisions for boiler interlock, zoning and time control and temperature control of the heating and hot water circuits should be met with respect to the integral central heating boilers as given in Table 2 for gas-fi red central heating systems. An acceptable alternative to these is any boiler management system that delivers the specifi ed zoning, timing and temperature provisions. When gas boilers are installed as a replacement for existing boilers, the minimum level of system controls should be provided, as described in Table 2, unless they are already installed and fully operational. If an individual component of the control system is being replaced in an existing system, for example a room thermostat, it is not necessary to upgrade the system to meet the minimum requirements;
AND
d. Pipework should be insulated as described in Table 3.
2.4 Gas-fi red warm air heating
This section provides guidance on the specifi cation of gas-fi red warm air heating systems for dwellings.
Terminology and applicability of guidance to different scenarios in new and existing dwellings
The guidance in this section applies to the following situations:
a. The specifi cation of gas-fi red warm air heating systems in new dwellings – this situation is referred to in this section as a new system.
b. The specifi cation of gas-fi red warm air heating systems in existing dwellings where previously space heating was not provided by a warm air system – this situation is also referred to in this section as a new system;
c. The specifi cation of a replacement warm air heating system and/or component in existing dwellings where warm air heating is already installed – this situation is referred to in this section as a replacement system.
In order to comply with the requirements of the Building Regulations energy effi ciency requirements, gas-fi red warm air heating which is provided as a new system or replacement system in new or existing dwellings should meet the following conditions:
a. The system should meet the provisions for effi ciency and installation set out in Table 4;
AND
b. The system should be zoned and incorporate the timing and temperature controls for space heating, and where relevant domestic hot water, as set out in Table 5.
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Table 4 Minimum provisions for effi ciency and installation of gas-fi red warm air heating systems
Minimum provision Supplementary information
Effi ciency a. Gas-fi red warm air units should meet the requirements,as appropriate to the design of the appliance, of:• BS EN 778:1998 or• BS EN 1319:1999
b. If a gas-fi red circulator is incorporated in the warm-air unit to provide domestic hot water, it should be able to deliver full and part load effi ciency at least equal to that prescribed by BS EN 483
c. The manufacturer’s declaration of appliance performance and effi ciency value should include the following words:
Combined warm air unit and circulator
This product has been assessed against the test methods set out in BS EN 778:1998* or BS EN 1319: 1999* {*deleted as appropriate} and BS EN 483* and certifi ed as meeting those minimum requirements by {insert name and/or identifi cation of Notifi ed Body}
Warm air unit alone
This product has been assessed against the test method set out in BS EN 778: 1998* or BS EN 1319: 1999* {*deleted as appropriate} and certifi ed as meeting the minimum requirements by {insert name and/or identifi cation of Notifi ed Body}
British standards
BS EN 778:1998 Domestic gas-fi red forced convection air heaters for space heating not exceeding a net heat input of 70kW, without a fan to assist transportation of combustion air and/or combustion products
BS EN 1319:1999 Domestic gas-fi red forced convection air heaters for space heating, with fan-assisted burners not exceeding a net heat input of 70kW
BS EN 483:2000 Gas-fi red central heating boilers. Type C boilers ofnominal heat input not exceeding 70kW
Installation a. The system should be installed in accordance with BS 5864:2004
b. Ductwork that is newly installed or replaced should be insulated in accordance with the recommendations of BS 5422:2001
BS 5864:2004 Installation and maintenance of gas-fi red ducted air heaters of rated input not exceeding 70kW net (second and third family gases). Specifi cation
BS 5422:2001 Method for specifying thermal insulating materials for pipes, tanks, vessels, ductwork and equipmentoperating within the temperature range of –40°C to +700°C
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Table 5 Minimum provision for system controls for gas-fi red warm air heatingSystem Minimum provision
Warm air systemswithout waterheating
i. Time and temperature control
Time and temperature control should be provided by either:i. controls external to heater: time switch/programmer and room
thermostat, or programmable room thermostat; orii. controls integrated in the heater – time-switch/programmer and
room temperature sensor linked to heater fi ring and fan speed control
ii. Zoning • New dwellings with a total usable fl oor area up to 150m2 should be divided into at least two space heating zones with independent timing controls, one of which is assigned to the living area
• New dwellings with a total usable fl oor area greater than 150m2 should be provided with at least two space heating zones, each having separate timing and temperature controls. Timing of the separate space heating zones can be achieved by:i. multiple heating zone programmers; orii. a single multi-channel programmer; oriii. programmable room thermostats; oriv. separate timers to each circuit; orv. a combination of (iii) and (iv) above
The provisions for zoning for replacement systems in existing dwellings should be as for new dwellings where practical
Combined warm air and domestic hot water systems for installations
iii. Independent time control of both the heating and hot water circuits
iv. Pumped primary circulation to the hot water cylinder
v. Independent control ofhot water production
Independent control of the hot water circuit should be achieved by means of a cylinder thermostat and a timing device, wired such that when there is no demand for hot water both the pump and circulator are switched off
vi. Time control Time control should be provided by use of:
• a full programmer with separate timing to each circuit; or
• two or more separate timers providing timing control to each circuit; or
• programmable room thermostat(s) to the heating circuit(s), with separate timing of the hot water; or
• a time switch/programmer (two channel) and room thermostat
vii. Space heating zoning
• New dwellings with a total usable fl oor area up to 150m2 should be divided into at least two space heating zones with independent timing controls, one of which is assigned to the living area
• New dwellings with a total usable fl oor area greater than 150m2 should be provided with at least two space heating zones, each having separate timing and temperature controls
The provisions for zoning for replacement systems in existing dwellings should be as for new dwellings where practical
2.5 Gas-fi red fi xed independent space heating appliances
This section provides guidance on the specifi cation of gas-fi red fi xed independent space heating appliances for dwellings.
Fixed independent space heating appliances may be installed as a means of primary or secondary space heating.
Gas-fi red fi xed independent appliances for primary-space heating
In order to comply with the Building Regulations energy effi ciency regulations, gas-fi red fi xed independent space heating appliances in new and existing dwellings which are provided as the primary heat source should meet the following conditions:
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a. The appliance should be one of the types described in Table 6 AND.
b. The effi ciency of the appliance (gross calorifi c value) should be no less than 58%. The appliance manufacturer’s declaration of appliance performance shall include the following words:
The effi ciency of this appliance has been measured as specifi ed in {insert appropriate entry from Table 6} and the result is [x]%. The gross calorifi c value of the fuel has been used for this effi ciency calculation. The test data from which it has been calculated has been certifi ed by {insert name and/or identifi cation of Notifi ed Body}. The effi ciency value may be used in the UK Government’s Standard Assessment Procedure (SAP) for energy rating of dwellings.
AND
c. In new dwellings each appliance should be capable, either independently or in conjunction with room thermostats or other suitable temperature sensing devices, of controlling the temperatures independently in areas that have different heating needs (e.g. separate sleeping and living areas). In existing dwellings, wherever practical, temperature controls should be upgraded to the standards required for new dwellings.
Table 6 Acceptable appliance types for fi xed natural gas and LPG gas-fi red space heaters for use as a primary heat sourceBritish Standard designation (appliance type)
BS EN 1266:2002 Independent gas-fi red convection heaters incorporating a fan to assist transportation of combustion air and/or fl ue gases
BS 7977-1:2002 Specifi cation for safety and rational use of energy of domestic gas appliances. Radiant/convectors
BS EN 613:2001 Independent gas-fi red convection heaters
BS EN 13278:2003 Open fronted gas-fi red independent space heaters
Gas-fi red fi xed independent appliances for secondary-space heating
In order to comply with the requirements of Part L, gas-fi red fi xed independent space heating appliances which are provided as the secondary heat source in new or existing dwellings should meet both of the following conditions:
a. The appliance should be one of the types described in Table 7.
AND
b. The effi ciency (gross calorifi c value) of the appliance should be no less than the value in Table 7for that type of appliance. The appliance manufacturer’s declaration of appliance performance shall include the following words:
The effi ciency of this appliance has been measured as specifi ed in {insert appropriate entryfrom Table 7} and the result is [x]%. The gross calorifi c value of the fuel has been used for this effi ciency calculation. The test data from which it has been calculated has been certifi ed by {insert name and/or identifi cation of Notifi ed Body}. The effi ciency value may be used in the UK Government’s Standard Assessment Procedure (SAP) for energy rating of dwellings.
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Table 7 Acceptable appliance types and minimum appliance effi ciencies for independent fi xed natural gas and LPG gas-fi red space heaters used as a secondary heat source
British Standard designation (appliance type) Minimum effi ciency %(gross calorifi c value)
Gas LPG
BS EN 1266:2002 Independent gas-fi red convection heaters incorporatinga fan to assist transportation of combustion air and/or fl ue gases
72 73
(All types except inset live fuel effect)BS 7977-1:2002 Specifi cation for safety and rational use of energy of domestic gas appliances. Radiant/convectors
63 64
BS EN 613:2001 Independent gas-fi red convection heaters 58 60
BS EN 13278:2003 Open fronted gas-fi red independent space heaters 45 46
(Inset live fuel effect)BS 7977-1:2002 Specifi cation for safety and rational use of energy of domestic gas appliances. Radiant/convectors
40 41
(Flue-less)prEN 14829:20034 (Draft) Independent gas fi red fl ueless space heatersfor nominal heat input not exceeding 6kW
Thermal effi ciency requirements for this type of appliance are not specifi ed as all the heat produced by the combustion process is released into the space to be heated. In SAP 2005 the effi ciency of these appliances is classed as 90% and an adjustment is made for ventilation inthe space heating requirement calculation
(Flue-less)BS EN 449:2002 Specifi cation for dedicated liquefi ed petroleumgas appliances. Domestic fl ueless space heaters (including diffusive catalytic combustion heaters)
2.6 Gas-fi red fi xed decorative fuel-effect fi res
This type of appliance is intended for decorative purposes and therefore a minimum thermal effi ciencyis not specifi ed. Note that, for the purposes of SAP 2005, the effi ciency of decorative fuel-effect fi res is classed as 20% for use in the space heating requirement calculation, see Table 4a of SAP 2005.
In order to comply with the requirements of Part L, gas-fi red decorative fi res in new and existing dwellings should meet the following conditions:
a. The appliance should meet the product standards specifi ed in BS EN 509:2000 Decorativefuel-effect gas appliances.
AND
b. No more than one appliance should be installed per 100m2 of dwelling fl oor area.
2.7 Gas-fi re for secondary-space heating provided as part of a combined fi re and back boiler unit
A combined fi re and back boiler unit can only be installed as a replacement for an existingcombined fi re and back boiler unit, and then only when the criteria of the Condensing Boiler Installation Assessment procedure are satisfi ed as outlined in Appendix A of this document. In order to comply with the requirements of the Building Regulations, the gas fi re provided as a secondary heat source as part of a combined fi re and back boiler unit, when provided as a replacement system in existing dwellings, should meet the following conditions:
4 At the time of writing prEN 14829 is in draft but it may not appear as a European standard. The type of appliance for which this standard is proposed is on the market having been certifi ed as complying with the essential requirements of the Gas Appliance Directive. The BSI is producing a parallel UK safety installation standard for appliances designed to comply with prEN 14829.
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a. The appliance should be one of the types described in Table 8. The appliance manufacturer’s declaration of appliance performance shall include the following words:
The effi ciency of this appliance has been measured as specifi ed in {insert appropriate entry from Table 8} and the result is [x]%. The gross calorifi c value of the fuel has been used for this effi ciency calculation. The test data from which it has been calculated has been certifi ed by {insert name and/or identifi cation of Notifi ed Body}. The effi ciency value may be used in the UK Government’s Standard Assessment Procedure (SAP) for energy rating of dwellings.
AND
b. The effi ciency (gross calorifi c value) of the appliance should be no less than the value in Table 8 for that type of appliance.
Table 8 Minimum appliance effi ciencies for gas fi res used with back boilersBritish Standard designation (appliance type) Minimum effi ciency %
(gross calorifi c value)
Natural gas LPG
(Inset live fuel effect)BS 7977-2:2003 Specifi cation for safety and rational use of energy ofdomestic gas appliances. Combined appliances. Gas fi re/back boiler
40 41
(All types except inset live fuel effect)BS 7977-2:2003 Specifi cation for safety and rational use of energyof domestic gas appliances. Combined appliances. Gas fi re/back boiler
63 64
Supplementary information – further guidance on gas-fi red heating
Further guidance on gas-fi red heating systems is available in the following publications:
Energy Effi ciency Best Practice in Housing publications:• CE30 Domestic heating by gas: boiler systems;• CE51 Central heating system specifi cations (CHeSS);• CE54 Whole house boiler sizing method for houses and fl ats.
SBGI publications on gas boilers and gas fi res under development at the time of writing. See www.sbgi.org.uk for updates.
CORGI publications:• Essential Gas Safety (GID1);• Gas Cookers and Ranges (GID2);• Gas Fires and Space Heaters (GID3);• Water Heaters (GID5);• Central Heating – wet and dry (GID7);• Wet Central Heating System Design Guide (WCH1);• Warm Air Heating System Design Guide (WAH1).
Requirements relating to various aspects of the installation of condensing boilers are given in British Standards, BS 5440 Parts 1 and 2, BS 5449 and BS 6798.
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Section 3 Oil-fi red space heating and hot water systems
This section provides guidance on the specifi cation of oil-fi red space heating and hot water systems in dwellings to meet the Building Regulations energy effi ciency regulations.
All oil appliances must be installed by a competent person and the installation should follow the manufacturer’s instructions and comply with all other relevant parts of the Building Regulations and, for wet systems, the Water Regulations.
3.1 Scope of guidance
The guidance in this section applies to systems fuelled by oil. The following types of oil-fi red heating systems are addressed:
• Wet central heating systems.• Range cookers with integral central heating boilers.• Vaporising appliances providing secondary heating or hot water.• Fixed independent space heating devices.
Where appropriate, it may be necessary to refer to the sections in this guide covering community heating, underfl oor heating, heat pumps, solar water heating and micro-CHP.
3.2 Oil-fi red wet central heating systems
This section provides guidance on the specifi cation of oil-fi red wet central heating systems for dwellingsthat, if followed, will satisfy the energy effi ciency requirements of the Building Regulations.
Terminology and applicability of guidance to different scenarios in new and existing dwellings
The guidance in this section applies to the following situations:
a. The specifi cation of central heating systems in new dwellings – this situation is referred to in this section as a new system.
b. The specifi cation of central heating systems in existing dwellings where previously space heating was not provided by central heating – this situation is also referred to in this section asa new system.
c. The specifi cation of a replacement central heating system and/or component in existing dwellings where central heating is already installed – this situation is referred to in this sectionas a replacement system.
In situations (a) and (b) above the guidance for compliance of new systems (in new and existing dwellings) with Part L is the same.
In situation (c) above, that is for replacement systems in existing dwellings, in most cases the guidancefor compliance with Part L is as for new systems, unless otherwise stated in the relevant section.
In order to comply with the requirements of Part L, oil-fi red central heating systems which are providedas new systems or replacement systems in dwellings should meet all of the following conditions:
a. The boiler should have a minimum effi ciency (as defi ned by its SEDBUK value) as given in Table 9 (row a).
AND
b. The minimum provisions for system circulation as given in Table 9 (row b) need to be met.
AND
c. The minimum provisions for hot water storage and labelling of storage vessels as given in Table 9 (row c) need to be met.
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AND
d. The minimum provisions for system preparation and water treatment as given in Table 9 (row d) should be met.
AND
e. The system should be commissioned in accordance with the minimum provisions given inTable 9 (row e).
AND
f. The minimum provisions for boiler interlock, zoning and time control and temperature control of the heating and hot water circuits as described in Table 10 should be met. An acceptable alternative to these is any boiler management system that delivers the specifi ed zoning, timing and temperature and boiler interlock control provisions. When oil boilers are installed as part of a replacement system, the minimum level of system controls should be provided, as described in Table 10 unless they are already installed and fully operational. If an individual component of the control system is being replaced in an existing system, for example a room thermostat, it is not necessary to upgrade the system to meet the minimum requirements.
AND
g. Pipework should be insulated as described in Table 11.
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Tab
le 9
Min
imum
pro
visi
ons
fo
r b
oile
r ef
fi ci
ency
, sys
tem
cir
cula
tio
n, h
ot
wat
er s
tora
ge,
sys
tem
pre
par
atio
n an
d c
om
mis
sio
ning
of
oil-
fi re
d c
entr
al h
eati
ng s
yste
ms
in n
ew d
wel
ling
s (a
nd in
exi
stin
g d
wel
ling
s w
here
ap
pro
pri
ate)
Min
imum
pro
visi
on fo
r ne
w s
yste
ms
in n
ew a
nd e
xist
ing
dwel
lings
Min
imum
pro
visi
on
for
rep
lace
men
t sy
stem
s in
exi
stin
g d
wel
ling
sS
upp
lem
enta
ry in
form
atio
n
a. M
inim
um
acce
pta
ble
ef
fi ci
ency
1. F
or
bo
ilers
inst
alle
d b
efo
re 1
Ap
ril 2
007:
a. T
he b
oile
r effi
cien
cy s
houl
d be
not
less
than
85%
(SED
BU
K v
alue
); or
b.
In e
xist
ing
dw
ellin
gs, c
omp
lianc
e w
ith t
he r
equi
rem
ents
for
boi
ler
effi c
ienc
y ca
n b
e d
emon
stra
ted
by
follo
win
g th
e gu
idan
ce in
A
pp
end
ix A
of t
his
doc
umen
t2.
Fo
r b
oile
rs in
stal
led
on
or
afte
r 1
Ap
ril 2
007:
a. T
he b
oile
r sh
ould
be
a co
nden
sing
typ
e; a
ndb
. Th
e b
oile
r ef
fi cie
ncy
shou
ld b
e no
t le
ss t
han
86%
(as
exp
ress
ed
by
its S
ED
BU
K v
alue
)3.
Fo
r co
mb
inat
ion
bo
ilers
/ran
ge
coo
ker
bo
ilers
:a.
If a
com
bin
atio
n b
oile
r is
inst
alle
d, t
he b
oile
r ef
fi cie
ncy
shou
ld b
e no
t le
ss t
han
82%
(SE
DB
UK
val
ue);
OR
b. T
he b
oile
r effi
cien
cy fo
r hea
ting
boile
rs th
at a
re c
ombi
ned
with
rang
eco
oker
s sh
ould
be
as d
efi n
ed in
the
sec
tion
of t
his
guid
e ‘S
ectio
n 3.
3 O
il-fi r
ed r
ange
coo
kers
with
inte
gral
cen
tral
hea
ting
boi
lers
Rep
lace
men
ts n
ot in
volv
ing
a fu
el o
r ene
rgy
switc
hTh
e se
ason
al e
ffi ci
ency
of t
he n
ew e
qui
pm
ent
shou
ld b
e:•
as d
efi n
ed fo
r ne
w s
yste
ms;
and
• no
t w
orse
tha
n tw
o p
erce
ntag
e p
oint
s lo
wer
th
an t
he s
easo
nal e
ffi ci
ency
of t
he c
ontr
olle
d
serv
ice
bei
ng r
epla
ced
. If t
he e
ffi ci
ency
of t
he
syst
em o
r ap
plia
nce
to b
e re
pla
ced
is n
ot
know
n, e
ffi ci
ency
val
ues
may
be
take
n fr
om
Tab
le 4
a or
4b
of S
AP
200
5R
epla
cem
ent
invo
lvin
g f
uel o
r en
erg
y sw
itch
If th
e ne
w h
eatin
g sy
stem
or
heat
gen
erat
ing
app
lianc
e us
es a
diff
eren
t fu
el, t
he e
ffi ci
ency
of
the
new
ser
vice
sho
uld
be
mul
tiplie
d b
y th
e ra
tio
of t
he C
O2
emis
sion
fact
or o
f the
fuel
use
d in
the
se
rvic
e b
eing
rep
lace
d t
o th
at u
sed
in t
he n
ew
serv
ice
befo
re m
akin
g th
is c
heck
. The
CO
2 em
issi
onfa
ctor
s sh
ould
be
take
n fr
om T
able
12
of S
AP
20
05 –
(the
rel
evan
t co
lum
n in
Tab
le 1
2 of
SA
P
(200
5) is
tha
t tit
led
‘Em
issi
ons,
kg
CO
2/kW
h’)
Gu
idan
ce o
n id
enti
fyin
g t
he
SE
DB
UK
ef
fi ci
ency
for
an
ap
plia
nce
The
Boi
ler
Effi
cien
cy D
atab
ase
is a
vaila
ble
onl
ine
(ww
w.b
oile
rs.o
rg.u
k) a
nd in
clud
es r
egul
arly
up
dat
ed in
form
atio
n on
mos
t av
aila
ble
boi
lers
as
wel
l as
man
y w
hich
are
no
long
er in
pro
duc
tion
Man
ufac
ture
rs’ l
itera
ture
pro
vid
es S
ED
BU
K
valu
es in
an
agre
ed fo
rm o
f wor
ds
to a
void
co
nfus
ion
with
oth
er e
ffi ci
ency
val
ues.
Man
ufac
ture
rs w
ill a
lso
sup
ply
SE
DB
UK
val
ues
for
thei
r p
rod
ucts
on
req
uest
Ap
pen
dix
1 o
f the
Dom
estic
Hea
ting
Com
plia
nce
Gui
de
give
s th
e ap
pro
ved
pro
ced
ure
for
esta
blis
hing
whe
re e
xcep
tiona
l circ
umst
ance
s ex
ist.
Thi
s fo
llow
s th
e cr
iteria
set
out
in t
he G
uid
e to
the
Con
den
sing
Boi
ler
Inst
alla
tion
Ass
essm
ent
Pro
ced
ure
for
Dw
ellin
gs. T
he O
FTE
C e
xcep
tions
fo
rm C
D30
can
als
o b
e us
ed fo
r th
is p
urp
ose
b. S
yste
m
circ
ulat
ion
a. S
yste
ms
for
spac
e he
atin
g an
d d
omes
tic h
ot w
ater
prim
ary
circ
uits
sho
uld
hav
e fu
lly p
ump
ed c
ircul
atio
nb
. If
the
boi
ler
man
ufac
ture
r’s in
stru
ctio
ns a
dvi
se in
stal
latio
n of
a
byp
ass,
an
auto
mat
ic b
ypas
s va
lve
shou
ld b
e p
rovi
ded
in
conj
unct
ion
with
any
req
uire
men
ts fo
r a
min
imum
pip
e le
ngth
sp
ecifi
ed in
the
man
ufac
ture
r’s in
stru
ctio
ns
As
defi
ned
for
new
sys
tem
s. W
hen
boi
lers
are
re
pla
ced
, exi
stin
g sy
stem
s w
ith s
emi-
grav
ity
circ
ulat
ion
shou
ld b
e co
nver
ted
to
fully
pum
ped
ci
rcul
atio
n
Domestic Heating.indd 25Domestic Heating.indd 25 2/5/06 15:35:312/5/06 15:35:31
ONLINE VERSION
ONLINE VERSION
ONLINE VERSION
26
Tab
le 9
(co
nti
nu
ed
)M
inim
um p
rovi
sion
for
new
sys
tem
s in
new
and
exi
stin
g dw
ellin
gsM
inim
um p
rovi
sio
n fo
r re
pla
cem
ent
syst
ems
in e
xist
ing
dw
ellin
gs
Sup
ple
men
tary
info
rmat
ion
c. H
ot
wat
er
sto
rag
ea.
Ven
ted
cop
per
hot
wat
er s
tora
ge v
esse
ls s
houl
d c
omp
ly w
ith t
he
heat
loss
and
hea
t ex
chan
ger
req
uire
men
ts o
f BS
1566
:200
2b
. U
nven
ted
hot
wat
er s
tora
ge s
yste
ms
pro
duc
ts s
houl
d:
i. co
mp
ly w
ith B
S72
06; o
rii.
be
cert
ifi ed
by
the
Brit
ish
Boa
rd o
f Agr
émen
t, th
e W
ater
Res
earc
hC
ounc
il; o
riii
. b
e ce
rtifi
ed b
y an
othe
r ac
cred
ited
bod
y as
com
ply
ing
with
B
uild
ing
Reg
ulat
ions
c. P
rimar
y st
orag
e sy
stem
s sh
ould
mee
t th
e in
sula
tion
req
uire
men
ts
of s
ectio
ns 4
.3.1
or
4.3.
2 of
the
Wat
er H
eate
r M
anuf
actu
rers
A
ssoc
iatio
n p
erfo
rman
ce s
pec
ifi ca
tions
for
ther
mal
sto
res
d.
All
hot
wat
er s
tora
ge v
esse
ls s
houl
d c
arry
a la
bel
with
the
fo
llow
ing
info
rmat
ion:
• ty
pe
of v
esse
l;•
nom
inal
cap
acity
in li
tres
;•
stan
din
g he
at lo
ss in
kW
h/d
ay;
• he
at e
xcha
nger
per
form
ance
in k
W;
• ve
nted
cop
per
hot
wat
er c
ylin
der
s sh
ould
car
ry c
lear
lab
ellin
g on
the
pro
duc
t su
ch a
s a
BS
I Kite
mar
k, r
egis
tere
d fi
rm s
tatu
s or
ref
eren
ce t
o an
eq
uiva
lent
qua
lity
cont
rol s
chem
e;•
vent
ed c
ylin
der
s w
hich
are
not
of c
opp
er c
onst
ruct
ion
shou
ld
be
lab
elle
d a
s co
mp
lyin
g w
ith t
he h
eat
loss
and
hea
t ex
chan
ger
req
uire
men
ts o
f BS
1566
As
defi
ned
for
new
sys
tem
sIn
sula
tio
n o
f p
rim
ary
sto
res
Bec
ause
of t
he h
ighe
r th
an n
orm
al s
tora
ge
tem
per
atur
es in
prim
ary
stor
es it
is v
ery
imp
orta
nt t
hat
thes
e ar
e w
ell i
nsul
ated
Wa
ter
He
ate
r M
an
ufa
ctu
rers
Ass
oci
ati
on
P
erfo
rman
ce S
pec
ifi ca
tion
for
Ther
mal
Sto
res.
w
ww
.wat
erhe
atin
g.fs
net.
co.u
k/w
ma.
htm
Bri
tish
Sta
nd
ard
sB
S 1
566:
200
2 C
opp
er in
dire
ct c
ylin
der
s fo
r d
omes
tic p
urp
oses
. Op
en v
ente
d c
opp
er
cylin
der
s. R
equi
rem
ents
and
tes
t m
etho
ds.
BS
720
6:19
90 S
pec
ifi ca
tion
for
unve
nted
hot
w
ater
sto
rage
uni
ts a
nd p
acka
ges
Domestic Heating.indd 26Domestic Heating.indd 26 2/5/06 15:35:312/5/06 15:35:31
ONLINE VERSION
ONLINE VERSION
ONLINE VERSION
27
Tab
le 9
(co
nti
nu
ed
)M
inim
um p
rovi
sion
for
new
sys
tem
s in
new
and
exi
stin
g dw
ellin
gsM
inim
um p
rovi
sio
n fo
r re
pla
cem
ent
syst
ems
in e
xist
ing
dw
ellin
gs
Sup
ple
men
tary
info
rmat
ion
d.
Sys
tem
p
rep
arat
ion
and
wat
er
trea
tmen
t
a. C
entr
al h
eatin
g sy
stem
s sh
ould
be
thor
ough
ly c
lean
ed a
nd
fl ush
ed o
ut b
efor
e in
stal
ling
a ne
w b
oile
rb
. D
urin
g fi n
al fi
lling
of t
he s
yste
m, a
che
mic
al w
ater
tre
atm
ent
form
ulat
ion
shou
ld b
e ad
ded
to
the
prim
ary
circ
uit
to c
ontr
ol
corr
osio
n an
d t
he fo
rmat
ion
of s
cale
and
slu
dge
. Rea
sona
ble
p
rovi
sion
wou
ld b
e to
follo
w t
he g
uid
ance
on
how
to
pre
par
e an
d
com
mis
sion
sys
tem
s gi
ven
in B
S 7
593
c. I
nsta
llers
sho
uld
als
o re
fer
to t
he b
oile
r m
anuf
actu
rer’s
inst
alla
tion
inst
ruct
ions
for
app
rop
riate
tre
atm
ent
pro
duc
ts a
nd s
pec
ial
req
uire
men
ts fo
r in
div
idua
l boi
ler
mod
els
d.
Whe
re t
he m
ains
wat
er h
ard
ness
exc
eed
s 20
0 p
arts
per
mill
ion,
p
rovi
sion
s sh
ould
be
mad
e to
tre
at t
he fe
ed w
ater
to
wat
er
heat
ers
and
the
hot
wat
er c
ircui
t of
com
bin
atio
n b
oile
rs t
o re
duc
e th
e ra
te o
f acc
umul
atio
n of
lim
e sc
ale
As
defi
ned
for
new
sys
tem
sB
riti
sh S
tan
da
rds
BS
759
3:19
92 C
ode
of p
ract
ice
for
trea
tmen
t of
w
ater
in d
omes
tic h
ot w
ater
cen
tral
hea
ting
syst
ems
e.
Com
mis
sion
ing
a. O
n co
mp
letio
n of
the
inst
alla
tion
of a
boi
ler
or a
hot
wat
er s
tora
ge
syst
em, t
oget
her
with
ass
ocia
ted
eq
uip
men
t su
ch a
s p
ipew
ork,
p
ump
s an
d c
ontr
ols,
the
eq
uip
men
t sh
ould
be
com
mis
sion
ed in
ac
cord
ance
with
the
man
ufac
ture
r’s in
stru
ctio
ns. T
hese
in
stru
ctio
ns w
ill b
e sp
ecifi
c to
the
par
ticul
ar b
oile
r an
d/o
r ho
t w
ater
sto
rage
sys
tem
b.
The
inst
alle
r sh
ould
giv
e a
full
exp
lana
tion
of t
he s
yste
m a
nd it
s op
erat
ion
to t
he u
ser,
incl
udin
g th
e m
anuf
actu
rer’s
use
r m
anua
l w
here
pro
vid
edc.
If t
he in
stal
ler
is n
ot r
egis
tere
d w
ith a
‘Com
pet
ent
Per
son’
sche
me
for
the
pur
pos
es o
f sel
f-ce
rtify
ing
com
plia
nce
with
Par
t L1
of t
he B
uild
ing
Reg
ulat
ions
, the
n he
/she
, or
the
per
son
com
mis
sion
ing
the
wor
k, s
houl
d n
otify
bui
ldin
g co
ntro
l prio
r to
th
e co
mm
ence
men
t of
the
wor
k
As
defi
ned
for
new
sys
tem
sS
ite c
omm
issi
onin
g of
oil-
fi red
ap
plia
nces
sho
uld
al
way
s b
e ca
rrie
d o
ut a
s it
is c
ritic
al fo
r ef
fi cie
nt
oper
atio
n. O
FTE
C-r
egis
tere
d c
omm
issi
onin
g en
gine
ers
shou
ld u
se fo
rm C
D11
, lea
ving
a c
opy
on s
ite fo
r th
e ho
useh
old
er. O
FTE
C r
egis
tere
d
inst
alle
rs s
houl
d u
se fo
rm C
D10
to
sign
ify t
he
inst
alla
tion
is c
omp
liant
with
Bui
ldin
g R
egul
atio
ns
Domestic Heating.indd 27Domestic Heating.indd 27 2/5/06 15:35:322/5/06 15:35:32
ONLINE VERSION
ONLINE VERSION
ONLINE VERSION
28
Tab
le 1
0 M
inim
um p
rovi
sio
ns f
or
syst
em c
ont
rols
fo
r o
il-fi
red
cen
tral
hea
ting
sys
tem
s in
new
dw
ellin
gs*
Sys
tem
co
ntro
lM
inim
um p
rovi
sio
ns f
or
ne
w s
yste
ms
Min
imum
pro
visi
ons
for r
epla
cem
ent s
yste
ms
Bo
iler
inte
rlo
ck•
Boi
ler-
bas
ed s
yste
ms
shou
ld h
ave
boi
ler
cont
rol i
nter
lock
in w
hich
con
trol
s ar
e w
ired
so
that
whe
n th
ere
is n
o d
eman
dfo
r ei
ther
sp
ace
heat
ing
or h
ot w
ater
, the
boi
ler
and
pum
p a
re s
witc
hed
off
• Th
e us
e of
The
rmos
tatic
Rad
iato
r Va
lves
(TR
Vs)
alo
ne d
oes
not
pro
vid
e in
terlo
ck
As
defi
ned
for
new
sys
tem
s
Sp
ace
heat
ing
zo
nes
• D
wel
ling
s w
ith
a to
tal u
sab
le fl
oo
r ar
ea u
p t
o 1
50m
2 sh
ould
be
div
ided
into
at
leas
t tw
o sp
ace
heat
ing
zone
s w
ith
ind
epen
den
t te
mp
erat
ure
cont
rol,
one
of w
hich
is a
ssig
ned
to
the
livin
g ar
ea•
Dw
ellin
gs
wit
h a
tota
l usa
ble
fl o
or
area
gre
ater
tha
n 15
0m2
shou
ld b
e p
rovi
ded
with
at
leas
t tw
o sp
ace
heat
ing
zone
s, e
ach
havi
ng s
epar
ate
timin
g an
d t
emp
erat
ure
cont
rols
• S
ingl
e-st
orey
ope
n-pl
an d
wel
lings
in w
hich
the
livin
g ar
ea is
gre
ater
than
70%
of t
he to
tal fl
oor
are
a –
sub-
zoni
ngof
tem
per
atur
e co
ntro
l is
not
app
rop
riate
As
defi
ned
for
new
sys
tem
s ex
cep
t w
here
the
bo
iler o
nly
is re
plac
ed, i
n w
hich
cas
e re
ason
able
pro
visi
on fo
r a
spac
e he
atin
g sy
stem
wou
ld
be
to c
ontr
ol a
s on
e zo
ne.
Wat
er h
eati
ng
zone
s•
All
dw
ellin
gs
sho
uld
hav
e a
sep
arat
e ho
t w
ater
zo
ne in
ad
dit
ion
to s
pac
e he
atin
g z
one
s•
A s
epar
ate
hot
wat
er z
one
is n
ot
req
uire
d if
the
ho
t w
ater
is p
rod
uced
inst
anta
neo
usly
, suc
h as
wit
h a
com
bin
atio
n b
oile
r
As
defi
ned
for
new
sys
tem
s
Tim
e co
ntro
l of
spac
e an
d w
ater
he
atin
g
Tim
e co
ntro
l of s
pac
e an
d w
ater
hea
ting
shou
ld b
e p
rovi
ded
by:
i. a
full
pro
gram
mer
with
sep
arat
e tim
ing
to e
ach
circ
uit;
ii. t
wo
or m
ore
sep
arat
e tim
ers
pro
vid
ing
timin
g co
ntro
l to
each
circ
uit;
or
iii.
pro
gram
mab
le r
oom
the
rmos
tat(s
) to
the
heat
ing
circ
uit(s
), w
ith s
epar
ate
timin
g of
the
hot
wat
er c
ircui
t.Fo
r d
wel
lings
with
a t
otal
usa
ble
fl oo
r ar
ea g
reat
er t
han
150m
2 tim
ing
of t
he s
epar
ate
spac
e he
atin
g zo
nes
can
be
achi
eved
by:
i. m
ultip
le h
eatin
g zo
ne p
rogr
amm
ers;
or
ii. a
sin
gle
mul
ti-ch
anne
l pro
gram
mer
; or
iii.
pro
gram
mab
le r
oom
the
rmos
tats
; or
iv.
sep
arat
e tim
ers
to e
ach
circ
uit;
or
v. a
com
bin
atio
n of
(iii)
and
(iv)
ab
ove
Whe
re t
he h
ot w
ater
is p
rod
uced
inst
anta
neou
sly,
suc
h as
with
a c
omb
inat
ion
boi
ler,
time
cont
rol i
s on
ly r
equi
red
for
spac
e he
atin
g zo
nes
As
defi
ned
for
new
sys
tem
s ex
cep
t w
here
on
ly t
he h
ot w
ater
cyl
ind
er is
bei
ng r
epla
ced
in
a r
epla
cem
ent
syst
em a
nd s
epar
ate
time
cont
rol f
or t
he h
ot w
ater
circ
uit
is n
ot p
rese
nt.
In t
his
case
it is
acc
epta
ble
to
have
a s
ingl
e tim
ing
cont
rol f
or b
oth
spac
e he
atin
g an
dho
t w
ater
Tem
per
atur
e co
ntro
l of
spac
e he
atin
g
Sep
arat
e te
mp
erat
ure
cont
rol o
f zon
es w
ithin
the
dw
ellin
g, s
houl
d b
e p
rovi
ded
, usi
ng:
i. ro
om t
herm
osta
ts o
r p
rogr
amm
able
roo
m t
herm
osta
ts in
all
zone
s; o
rii.
a r
oom
the
rmos
tat
or p
rogr
amm
able
roo
m t
herm
osta
t in
the
mai
n zo
ne a
nd in
div
idua
l rad
iato
r co
ntro
ls s
uch
as
Ther
mos
tatic
Rad
iato
r Va
lves
(TR
Vs)
on
all r
adia
tors
in t
he o
ther
zon
es; o
riii
. a
com
bin
atio
n of
(i) a
nd (i
i) ab
ove
For
rep
lace
men
t sy
stem
s w
here
onl
y th
e ho
t w
ater
cyl
ind
er is
bei
ng r
epla
ced
and
whe
re
hot
wat
er is
on
a gr
avity
circ
ulat
ion
syst
em a
th
erm
o-m
echa
nica
l cyl
ind
er t
herm
osta
t sh
ould
be
inst
alle
d a
s a
min
imum
pro
visi
on
Tem
per
atur
e co
ntro
l of
hot
wat
erse
rvic
e sy
stem
• D
omes
tic h
ot w
ater
sys
tem
s sh
ould
be
pro
vid
ed w
ith a
cyl
ind
er t
herm
osta
t an
d a
zon
e va
lve
or t
hree
-por
t va
lve
to
cont
rol t
he t
emp
erat
ure
of s
tore
d h
ot w
ater
• In
dw
ellin
gs w
ith a
tot
al fl
oor
area
gre
ater
tha
n 15
0m2
it co
uld
be
reas
onab
le t
o p
rovi
de
mor
e th
an o
ne h
ot w
ater
ci
rcui
t, e
ach
havi
ng s
epar
ate
timin
g an
d t
emp
erat
ure
cont
rols
. Thi
s ca
n b
e ac
hiev
ed b
y:i.
mul
tiple
hea
ting
zone
pro
gram
mer
s; o
rii.
a s
ingl
e m
ulti-
chan
nel p
rogr
amm
er; o
riii
. se
par
ate
timer
s to
eac
h ci
rcui
t•
The
use
of n
on-e
lect
ric h
ot w
ater
con
trol
lers
doe
s no
t m
eet
this
req
uire
men
t. A
lso,
in s
ome
circ
umst
ance
s, s
uch
as
ther
mal
sto
res,
a z
one
valv
e is
not
ap
pro
pria
te; a
sec
ond
pum
p c
ould
be
sub
stitu
ted
for
the
zone
val
ve
As
a m
inim
um p
rovi
sion
a t
herm
o-m
echa
nica
l cy
lind
er t
herm
osta
t sh
ould
be
inst
alle
d
Su
pp
lem
en
tary
info
rma
tio
nM
ore
det
ails
on
cont
rol s
yste
ms
can
be
foun
d in
man
ufac
ture
rs’ l
itera
ture
and
on
the
the
Ass
ocia
tion
of C
ontr
ols
Man
ufac
ture
rs (T
AC
MA
) web
site
ww
w.h
eatin
gcon
trol
s.or
g.uk
*An
acce
ptab
le a
ltern
ativ
e to
thes
e co
ntro
ls is
any
boi
ler
man
agem
ent c
ontr
ol s
yste
m th
at m
eets
the
spec
ifi ed
zon
ing,
tim
ing
and
tem
pera
ture
and
boi
ler
inte
rlock
con
trol
requ
irem
ents
.
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Table 11 Minimum provisions for insulation of pipes serving oil-fi red central heating systemsMinimum provision Supplementary information
In new systems pipes should, in the following cases, be insulated with insulation complying with the requirements of the Domestic Heating Compliance Guide (in line with the maximum permissible heat loss indicated in the Supplementary Information column), and labelled accordingly:
• Primary circulation pipes for heating and hot water circuits should be insulated wherever they pass outside the heated living space or through voids which communicate with and are ventilated from unheated spaces
• Primary circulation pipes for domestic hot water circuits should be insulated throughout their length, subject only to practical constraints imposed by theneed to penetrate joists and other structural elements
• All pipes connected to hot water storage vessels, including the vent pipe, should be insulated for at least 1m from their points of connection to the cylinder (or they should be insulated up to the point where they become concealed)
• If secondary circulation is used, all pipes kept hot by that circulation should be insulated
For replacement systems, whenever a boiler or hot water storage vessel is replaced in an existing system, any pipes (in the situations above) that are exposedas part of the work or are otherwise accessible should be insulated with insulation complying with the requirements of the Domestic Heating Compliance Guide (in line with the maximum permissible heat loss indicated in the Supplementary Information column), and labelled accordingly - or to some lesser standard where practical constraints dictate.
Insulation for pipework in unheated areasExtra provision may need to be made to protectcentral heating and hot water pipework in unheated areas against freezing. Further guidance is available in:• BS 5422:2001 Method for specifying thermal
insulating materials for pipes, tanks, vessels, ductwork and equipment operating within the temperature range of –40°C to +700°C
• BRE Report No 262 Thermal insulation: avoiding risks, 2002 edition
Where insulation is labelled as complying with the Domestic Heating Compliance Guide it must not exceed the following heat loss levels:
Pipe diameter (OD)mm
Maximum permissibleheat loss*(W/m)
8mm 7.06
10mm 7.23
12mm 7.35
15mm 7.89
22mm 9.12
28mm 10.07
35mm 11.08
42mm 12.19
54mm 14.12
*In assessing the thickness of insulation required to meet the provision, standardised conditions shouldbe used in all compliance calculations based in this instance on a horizontal pipe at 60ºC in still air at 15ºC
In new systems pipes should, in the following cases, be insulated with insulation complying with the requirements of the Domestic Heating Compliance guide (in line with the maximum permissible heat loss indicated in the Supplementary Information column), and labelled accordingly:
3.3 Oil-fi red range cookers with integral central heating boilers
This section provides guidance on the specifi cation of oil-fi red range cookers with integral central heating boilers for space heating and hot water in dwellings.
Note the guidance applies only to twin burner cooker boilers, which should not be confused with the type of range cooker described as a single burner ‘dry heat’ range cooker. The latter is intended to provide only a cooking function, is not included in SAP 2005 calculations, and does not come within the scope of the Building Regulations energy effi ciency requirements.
In order to comply with the Building Regulations energy effi ciency requirements, oil-fi red range cookers with an integral central heating boiler which are provided in new or existing dwellings should meet all of the following conditions:
a. The appliance should have two independently controlled burners (one for the cooking function and one for the boiler).
AND
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b. The boiler should have a Seasonal Effi ciency (SEDBUK)5 value in excess of 75%. The appliance manufacturer’s declaration of appliance performance shall include the following words:
• Seasonal effi ciency (SEDBUK) = xx% • Case heat emission value = yykW • Heat transfer to water at full load = zzkW • The effi ciency values may be used in the UK Government’s Standard Assessment
Procedure (SAP) for energy rating of dwellings. The test data from which they have been calculated has been certifi ed by {insert name and/or identifi cation of notifi ed body}.
AND
c. The minimum provisions for oil-fi red central heating systems should be met with respect to the integral central heating boilers as given in Table 9 (rows b to e).
AND
d. The minimum provisions for boiler interlock, zoning and time control and temperature control of the heating and hot water circuits should be met with respect to the integral central heating boilers as given in Table 10 for oil-fi red central heating systems. An acceptable alternative to these is any boiler management system that delivers the specifi ed zoning, timing and temperature provisions. When oil boilers are installed as a replacement for existing boilers, the minimum level of system controls should be provided, as described in Table 10 unless they are already installed and fully operational. If an individual component of the control system is being replaced in an existing system, for example a room thermostat, it is not necessary to upgrade the system to meet the minimum requirements.
AND
e. Pipework should be insulated as described in Table 11.
3.4 Continually burning oil-fi red vaporising appliances providing secondary heating or hot water
This section provides guidance on the specifi cation of oil-fi red vaporising appliances providing heating orhot water for dwellings that, if followed, will satisfy the Building Regulations energy effi ciency requirements.
The guidance does not apply to appliances which have been converted from another fuel (for example from solid fuel to oil).
In order to comply with the Building Regulations energy effi ciency requirements, oil-fi red vaporising appliancesin new and existing dwellings should have the minimum provision of controls as given in Table 11a:
Table 11a: Minimum provision of controls for continually burning oil-fi red vaporising appliancesAppliance type Minimum provision Supplementary information
Manually operated appliance, e.g. room heater
The integral manual controls asprovided by appliance manufacturer
Information about the use of controls should be clearly statedin the manufacturer’s literature
Electrically operated (modulating) appliance, e.g. room heater
The integral and/or remote thermostaticcontrols as provided (or specifi ed) by the appliance manufacturer
Automatic ON/OFF vaporising appliances
a. Room heater providing (secondary) room space heating
The integral thermostatic controlsas provided by appliance manufacturer
b. Room heater providing domestic hot water and (secondary) room space heating
The integral and/or remote thermostaticcontrols as provided (or specifi ed) by the appliance manufacturer
5 SEDBUK effi ciency values can be found in the Government’s Standard Assessment Procedure for Energy Rating of Dwellings (2005 edition) www.bre.co.uk/sap2005
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3.5 Oil-fi red fi xed independent space heating appliances
This section provides guidance on the specifi cation of oil-fi red fi xed independent space heating appliances for dwellings.
Fixed independent space heating appliances may be installed as a means of primary or secondary space heating.
Oil-fi red fi xed independent appliances for primary heating
In order to comply with Part L, oil-fi red fi xed independent space heating appliances in new dwellings which are provided as the primary heat source should meet the following conditions:
a. The effi ciency of the appliance (gross calorifi c value) should be no less than 60%. The appliance manufacturer’s declaration of appliance performance shall include the following words:
The net effi ciency of this appliance has been measured and the result is [x]%. The test data from which it has been calculated has been certifi ed by {insert name and/or identifi cation of Notifi ed Body}. The effi ciency value when converted to gross by use of the appropriate conversion factor from Table E3 in SAP 2005 may be used.
b. Each appliance should be capable, either independently or in conjunction with room thermostats or other suitable temperature sensing devices, of controlling the temperatures independently in areas that have different heating needs (e.g. separate sleeping and living areas).
Oil-fi red fi xed independent appliances for secondary heating
In order to comply with the Building Regulations energy effi ciency requirements, oil-fi red fi xed independent space heating appliances in new dwellings which are provided as the secondary heat source should have a minimum effi ciency (gross calorifi c value) of not less than 60%.
Supplementary information
Further guidance on oil-fi red heating systems is available in the following publications:
Energy Effi ciency Best Practice in Housing publications see www.oftec.org:
• CE29 Domestic heating by oil: boiler systems; • CE51 Central heating system specifi cations (CHeSS); • CE54 Whole house boiler sizing method for houses and fl ats; • OFTEC Technical Books 2, 3, 4 and 5 (see www.oftec.org); • BS 5410.
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Section 4 Electric heating systems
This section provides guidance on the specifi cation of fi xed electric heating systems for dwellings.
4.1 Scope of guidance
The guidance given in this section covers the following types of fi xed electric heating systems:
• Electric boilers serving central heating systems. • Electric warm air systems. • Electric panel heaters. • Electric storage systems including integrated storage/direct systems
Portable, plug-in appliances are not covered by the Building Regulations or by this guide. It should be noted that fi xed electrical installations in dwellings should comply also with Part P.
Where appropriate, it may also be necessary to refer to the other sections in this guide covering underfl oor heating and solar water heating.
4.2 Electric boilers serving central heating systems in new andexisting dwellings
This section provides guidance on the specifi cation of electric boilers serving wet central heating systems for dwellings.
Terminology and applicability of guidance to different scenarios in new and existing dwellings
The guidance in this section applies to the following situations:
a. The specifi cation of central heating systems in new dwellings – this situation is referred to in this section as a new system.
b. The specifi cation of central heating systems in existing dwellings where previously space heatingwas not provided by central heating – this situation is also referred to in this section as a new system.
c. The specifi cation of a replacement central heating system and/or component in existing dwellings where central heating is already installed – this situation is referred to in this section as a replacement system.
In situations (a) and (b) above the guidance for compliance of new systems (in new and existing dwellings) with Part L is the same.
In situation (c) above, that is for replacement systems in existing dwellings, in most cases the guidancefor compliance with Part L is as for new systems, unless otherwise stated in the relevant section.
In order to comply with the requirements, electric boilers serving central heating which is provided as a new system or replacement system in dwellings should meet all of the following conditions:
a. The minimum provisions for system circulation given in Table 12 (row a), should be met. AND b. The minimum provisions for system preparation and water treatment given in Table 12 (row b),
should be met. AND c. The system should be commissioned in accordance with the minimum provisions given in
Table 12 (row c). AND d. The minimum provisions for boiler interlock, zoning and time control and temperature control
of the heating and hot water circuits as given in Table 12 (row d) should be met. An acceptable alternative is any boiler management control system that meets the specifi ed temperature, timing, zoning (and if applicable, boiler interlock) control provisions. When electric boilers are installedas a replacement for existing boilers, the minimum level of system controls should be installed,as described in Table 12 unless they are already installed and fully operational. If an individual component of the control system is being replaced in an existing system, for example a room thermostat, it is not necessary to upgrade the system to meet the minimum provisions.
AND e. The minimum provisions for hot water storage systems and labelling of storage vessels,
as given in Table 13, should be met. AND f. Pipework should be insulated in accordance with the minimum provisions described in Table 14.
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Tab
le 1
2 M
inim
um p
rovi
sio
ns f
or
syst
em c
ircu
lati
on,
sys
tem
pre
par
atio
n an
d c
om
mis
sio
ning
and
sys
tem
co
ntro
ls f
or
elec
tric
wet
cen
tral
hea
ting
sys
tem
s*M
inim
um p
rovi
sio
ns f
or
ne
w s
yste
ms
Min
imum
pro
visi
ons
for r
epla
cem
ent s
yste
ms
Sup
ple
men
tary
in
form
atio
n
a.
Sys
tem
ci
rcul
atio
na.
Sys
tem
s fo
r sp
ace
heat
ing
and
dom
estic
hot
wat
er p
rimar
y ci
rcui
ts in
new
dw
ellin
gs s
houl
d
have
fully
pum
ped
circ
ulat
ion
b.
If th
e b
oile
r m
anuf
actu
rer’s
inst
ruct
ions
ad
vise
inst
alla
tion
of a
byp
ass,
the
n an
aut
omat
ic
byp
ass
valv
e sh
ould
be
used
As
defi
ned
for
new
sys
tem
s
Whe
n b
oile
rs a
re r
epla
ced
, exi
stin
g sy
stem
s w
ith s
emi-
grav
ity c
ircul
atio
n sh
ould
be
conv
erte
d t
o fu
lly p
ump
ed c
ircul
atio
n
Mor
e d
etai
ls o
n co
ntro
l sys
tem
sca
n b
e fo
und
in
man
ufac
ture
rs’
liter
atur
e an
d o
nth
e TA
CM
A w
ebsi
te
ww
w.h
eatin
gcon
trol
s.o
rg.u
k
b.
Sys
tem
p
rep
arat
ion
and
wat
er
trea
tmen
t
a. C
entr
al h
eatin
g sy
stem
s sh
ould
be
thor
ough
ly c
lean
ed a
nd fl
ushe
d be
fore
inst
allin
g a
new
boi
ler
b.
Dur
ing
fi nal
fi lli
ng o
f the
sys
tem
a c
hem
ical
wat
er t
reat
men
t fo
rmul
atio
n sh
ould
be
add
ed t
o th
e p
rimar
y ci
rcui
t to
con
trol
cor
rosi
on a
nd t
he fo
rmat
ion
of s
cale
and
slu
dge
. Rea
sona
ble
p
rovi
sion
wou
ld b
e to
follo
w t
he g
uid
ance
on
how
to
pre
par
e an
d c
omm
issi
on s
yste
ms
give
n in
BS
759
3c.
Ins
talle
rs s
houl
d a
lso
refe
r to
the
boi
ler
man
ufac
ture
r’s in
stal
latio
n in
stru
ctio
ns fo
r ap
pro
pria
te
trea
tmen
t p
rod
ucts
and
sp
ecia
l req
uire
men
ts fo
r in
div
idua
l boi
ler
mod
els
d.
Whe
re t
he m
ains
wat
er h
ard
ness
exc
eed
s 20
0 p
arts
per
mill
ion,
pro
visi
ons
shou
ld b
e m
ade
to
trea
t the
feed
wat
er to
wat
er h
eate
rs a
nd th
e ho
t wat
er c
ircui
t of c
omb
inat
ion
boi
lers
to re
duc
e th
e ra
te o
f acc
umul
atio
n of
lim
e sc
ale
and
the
con
seq
uent
red
uctio
n in
ene
rgy
effi c
ienc
y
As
defi
ned
for
new
sys
tem
s
c.
Com
mis
sion
ing
a. M
anuf
actu
rer’s
inst
ruct
ions
for
com
mis
sion
ing
shou
ld b
e fo
llow
ed a
nd a
com
mis
sion
ing
reco
rd s
houl
d b
e co
mp
lete
d t
o sh
ow c
omp
lianc
eb
. Th
e in
stal
ler
shou
ld g
ive
a fu
ll ex
pla
natio
n of
the
sys
tem
and
its
oper
atio
n to
the
use
r, in
clud
ing
the
man
ufac
ture
r’s u
ser
man
ual w
here
pro
vid
ed
As
defi
ned
for
new
sys
tem
s
d.
Co
ntro
ls
d1.
Bo
iler
tem
per
atur
e co
ntro
l
The
boile
r sho
uld
be fi
tted
with
a fl
ow te
mpe
ratu
re c
ontr
ol a
nd b
e ca
pabl
e of
mod
ulat
ing
the
pow
erin
put
to
the
prim
ary
wat
er d
epen
din
g on
sp
ace
heat
ing
cond
ition
sA
s d
efi n
ed fo
r ne
w s
yste
ms
d2. B
oile
r in
terl
ock
If th
e b
oile
r al
so s
upp
lies
DH
W, t
he s
yste
m s
houl
d h
ave
boi
ler
cont
rol i
nter
lock
in w
hich
con
trol
s ar
e w
ired
so
that
whe
n th
ere
is n
o ca
ll fo
r he
at fr
om e
ither
the
sp
ace
heat
ing
or h
ot w
ater
circ
uits
(w
here
ap
pro
pria
te) t
hen
the
boi
ler
and
pum
p a
re s
witc
hed
off.
The
use
of T
herm
osta
tic R
adia
tor
Valv
es (T
RV
s) a
lone
doe
s no
t p
rovi
de
inte
rlock
As
defi
ned
for
new
sys
tem
s
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Tab
le 1
2 (c
on
tin
ue
d)
d3.
Zo
ning
• D
wel
lings
with
a t
otal
usa
ble
fl oor
are
a up
to
150m
2 sho
uld
be d
ivid
ed in
to a
t lea
st tw
o sp
ace
heat
ing
zone
s w
ith in
dep
end
ent t
emp
erat
ure
cont
rol,
one
of w
hich
is a
ssig
ned
to th
e liv
ing
area
• D
wel
ling
s w
ith
a to
tal u
sab
le fl
oo
r ar
ea g
reat
er t
han
150m
2 sh
ould
be
pro
vid
ed w
ith a
t le
ast
two
spac
e he
atin
g zo
nes,
eac
h ha
ving
sep
arat
e tim
ing
and
tem
per
atur
e co
ntro
ls•
Sin
gle
sto
rey
op
en-p
lan
dw
ellin
gs
in w
hich
the
livi
ng a
rea
is g
reat
er t
han
70%
of
the
tota
l fl o
or
area
– s
ub-z
onin
g of
tem
per
atur
e co
ntro
l is
not
app
rop
riate
As
defi
ned
for
new
sys
tem
s
d4.
Tem
per
atur
e co
ntro
l of
spac
e he
atin
g
Sep
arat
e te
mp
erat
ure
cont
rol o
f zon
es w
ithin
the
bui
ldin
g, s
houl
d b
e p
rovi
ded
, usi
ng:
i. R
oom
the
rmos
tats
or
pro
gram
mab
le r
oom
the
rmos
tats
in a
ll zo
nes;
or
ii. A
roo
m t
herm
osta
t or
pro
gram
mab
le r
oom
the
rmos
tat
in t
he m
ain
zone
and
ind
ivid
ual r
adia
tor
cont
rols
suc
h as
The
rmos
tatic
Rad
iato
r Va
lves
(TR
Vs)
on a
ll ra
dia
tors
in t
he o
ther
zon
es; o
riii
. a
com
bin
atio
n of
(i) a
nd (i
i) ab
ove
As
defi
ned
for
new
sys
tem
s
d5
Tim
e co
ntro
l o
f sp
ace
and
w
ater
hea
ting
Tim
e co
ntro
l of s
pac
e an
d w
ater
hea
ting
shou
ld b
e p
rovi
ded
by:
i. a
full
pro
gram
mer
with
sep
arat
e tim
ing
to e
ach
circ
uit;
ii. t
wo
or m
ore
sep
arat
e tim
ers
pro
vid
ing
timin
g co
ntro
l to
each
circ
uit;
or
iii.
pro
gram
mab
le r
oom
the
rmos
tat(s
) to
the
heat
ing
circ
uit(s
), w
ith s
epar
ate
timin
g of
the
hot
w
ater
circ
uit
As
defi
ned
for
new
sys
tem
s
*An
acce
ptab
le a
ltern
ativ
e to
thes
e co
ntro
ls is
any
boi
ler
man
agem
ent c
ontr
ol s
yste
m th
at m
eets
the
spec
ifi ed
zon
ing,
tim
ing
and
tem
pera
ture
and
boi
ler
inte
rlock
con
trol
requ
irem
ents
.
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Table 13 Minimum provisions for hot water storage for electric wet central heating systems
Minimum provision for new systems and replacement systems
Supplementary information
Vented systems – including cylinders heated primarily by electricity
1. Vented copper hot water storage vesselsshould comply with BS 1566 or BS 3198
2. Vented cylinders in materials other than copper should also be labelled as complying with the heat loss requirementsof BS1566
3. Electrically heated combination units should be insulated such that the heat loss does not exceed the value givenby the formula 1.6 � (0.2 + 0.051V2/3) kWh per 24 hours, where V is the nominalcylinder capacity in litres
British StandardsBS 1566:2002 Copper indirect cylinders for domestic purposes. Open vented copper cylinders. Requirements andtest methods.BS 3198:1981 Specifi cation for copper hot water storage combination units for domestic purposes.BS 7206:1990 Specifi cation for unventedhot water storage units and packages.
Unvented systems – including cylinders heated primarily by electricity
4. Products should either comply with BS7206 or be certifi ed by the British Board of Agrément, Water Research Council or other accredited body complying with Building Regulations
5. Cylinders heated primarily by electricity should be insulated such that their heat loss does not exceed the value given by the formula 1.28 � (0.2 + 0.051V2/3) kWh per 24 hours, where V is the nominal cylinder capacity in litres
Vented and unvented systems
6. Cylinders should either be factoryfi tted with, or have provision for, two thermostatically controlled electrical heating elements or immersion heaters
7. The lower element should be capable of heating up at least 85% of the cylinder contents
8. The upper element should be capableof heating at least 60 litres of water
9. The lower element should be connected so as to utilise the ‘off-peak’ electricity tariff and the upper for boost operation
10. The vessel should be designed such that following reheating to 60°C fromthe off-peak element, at least 80% of the contents can be drawn off at 45°C or above at a fl ow rate of 0.25l/s
Primary stores Primary stores designed for electrical heating should have a standing heat loss at least 15% lower than that specifi ed by the insulation requirements of sections 4.3.1or 4.3.2 of the Water Heater Manufacturers Association performance specifi cation for thermal stores
LabellingAll hot water storage vessels should carrya label with the following information:• type of vessel;• nominal capacity in litres;• standing heat loss in kWh/day;• heat exchanger performance in kW.
Water Heater ManufacturersAssociation Performance Specifi cation for Thermal Stores
www.waterheating.fsnet.co.uk/wma.htm
Insulation of primary storesDue to the higher than normal storage temperatures in primary stores it is very important that these are well insulated
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Table 14 Minimum provisions for insulation of pipes serving central heating systems with electric boilersMinimum provision Supplementary information
In new systems pipes should, in the following cases, be insulated with insulation complying with the requirements of this guide (in line with the maximum permissible heat loss indicated in the Supplementary Information column), and labelled accordingly:
• Primary circulation pipes for heating and hot water circuits should be insulated wherever they pass outside the heated living space or through voids which communicate with and are ventilated from unheated spaces
• Primary circulation pipes for domestic hot water circuits should be insulated throughout their length, subject only to practical constraints imposed by theneed to penetrate joists and other structural elements
• All pipes connected to hot water storage vessels, including the vent pipe, should be insulated for at least 1m from their points of connection to the cylinder (or they should be insulated up to the point where they become concealed)
• If secondary circulation is used, all pipes kept hot by that circulation should be insulated
For replacement systems, whenever a boiler or hot water storage vessel is replaced in an existing system, any pipes (in the situations above) that are exposed as part of the work or are otherwise accessible should be insulated in accordance with the recommendations in this guide (in line with the maximum permissible heat loss indicated in the Supplementary Information column), and labelled accordingly – or to some lesser standard where practical constraints dictate.
Insulation for pipework in unheated areasExtra provision may need to be made to protectcentral heating and hot water pipework in unheated areas against freezing. Further guidance is available in:• BS 5422:2001 Method for specifying thermal
insulating materials for pipes, tanks, vessels, ductwork and equipment operating within the temperature range of –40°C to +700°C
• BRE Report No 262 Thermal insulation: avoiding risks, 2002 edition
Where insulation is labelled as complying with the Domestic Heating Compliance Guide it must not exceed the following heat loss levels:
Pipe diameter (OD)mm
Maximum permissibleheat loss*(W/m)
8mm 7.06
10mm 7.23
12mm 7.35
15mm 7.89
22mm 9.12
28mm 10.07
35mm 11.08
42mm 12.19
54mm 14.12
*In assessing the thickness of insulation required to meet the provision, standardised conditions shouldbe used in all compliance calculations based in this instance on a horizontal pipe at 60ºC in still air at 15ºC
Further assistance in converting these heat loss limits to levels (thickness) of insulation for specifi c thermal conductivities is found in the TIMSA HVAC Guidance for achieving compliance with Part L of the Building Regulations
4.3 Electric heating systems (other than central heating usingelectric boilers)
The guidance given in this section covers the following types of fi xed electric heating systems:
• Electric warm air systems. • Electric panel heaters. • Electric storage systems including integrated storage/direct systems.
Portable, plug-in appliances are not covered by this guide.
In order to comply with the requirements, fi xed electric heating systems (other than electric boilers) in new and existing dwellings should meet the following conditions:
a. Electric warm air systems should meet the minimum requirements for zone control and time and temperature control of the heating system as set out in Table 15 (row a).
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b. Panel heaters should meet the minimum requirements for local time and temperature control of the heating system as set out in Table 15 (row b).
c. Storage heaters should meet the minimum requirements for charge control and temperature control of the heating system as set out in Table 15 (row Cc).
Table 15 Minimum provisions for primary and secondary electric heating systems (other than electric boilers)Electric Heating System
Minimum provision Supplementary information
a. Electric warm air systems
1. Time and temperature control, either integralto the heater or external
Provide either:i. a time switch/programmer and room
stat; orii. a programmable room thermostat
should be provided
2. Zone control Dwellings with a total usable fl oor area up to 150m2 should be divided into at least two space heating zones with independent temperature control,one of which is assigned to the living area.Dwellings with a total usable fl oor area greater than 150m2 should be provided with at least two space heating zones, each having separate timing and temperature controls. Time control should be provided using:i. multiple heating zone programmers; orii. a single multi-channel programmer; oriii. programmable room thermostats; oriv. separate timers to each circuit; orv. a combination of (iii) and (iv) aboveSingle storey open-plan dwellings in which the living area is greater than70% of the total fl oor area – sub-zoningof temperature control is not appropriate
b. Panel heaters
Local time and temperature control
Time control provided by a programmabletime switch integrated into the applianceor a separate time switch
Individual temperature control provided by integral thermostats or by separate room thermostats or programmable room thermostats
Panel heater systemsprovide instantaneous heat.
c. Storage heaters
1. Charge control Automatic control of input charge should be provided
Charge control is the ability to detect the internal temperature and adjust the charging of the heater accordingly.
2. Temperature control Controls for adjusting the rate of heat release from the appliance should be provided, such as an adjustable damper or some other thermostatically controlled means
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Section 5 Solid-fuel heating systems
This section provides guidance on the specifi cation of solid-fuel heating systems for dwellings.
5.1 Scope of guidance
The guidance given in this section covers the following types of solid-fuel heating appliances and systems used to deliver primary and secondary heating:
• Batch-fed open fi res.• Batch-fed and automatic-feed dry room-heaters/stoves.• Batch-fed log and multi-fuel appliances.• Automatic-feed pellet stoves.• Batch-fed and automatic-feed room-heaters with boilers.• Batch-fed cookers with boilers not exceeding 7.5kW.• Batch-fed independent boilers and automatic-feed anthracite and wood-pellet independent boilers.• Central heating systems using certain types of solid-fuel appliances.
Where appropriate, it may also be necessary to refer to the sections of this guide on community heating,underfl oor heating, solar water heating and micro-CHP.
5.2 Solid-fuel appliances for primary heating
In order to comply with the requirements, solid-fuel appliances that are provided in new and existing dwellings for primary heating should have a minimum effi ciency (gross calorifi c value) no less than that specifi ed in Table 16 for that category of appliance.
Table 16 Solid fuel appliance categories and minimum effi cienciesCategory Appliance description Minimum effi ciency %
(gross calorifi c value)Feed
B1 Open fi re – inset 37 Batch
B2 Open fi re – freestanding convector
47 Batch
B3 Open fi re – inset convector 45
C1/2 Open fi re and boiler(inset or freestanding)
50 Batch
D1/2/3 Open fi re + high output boiler (trapezium)
63 Batch
D4 Open fi re + high output boiler (rectangle)
65 Batch
E1 Dry room heater (often known as dry stove)
65 Batch/automatic
E2 Logs only 65 Batch
E3 Multi-fuel 65 Batch
E4 Pellet stove 65 Auto
F Room heater with boiler 67 Batch/automatic
G1 Cooker with boiler not exceeding 3.5kW
50 (boiler only) Batch
G2 Cooker with boiler3.5–7.5kW
60 (boiler only) Batch
J1/2/3 Independent boiler (batch fed)
65 Batch
J4 Independent boiler – anthracite
70 rising to (above 20.5kW) 75
Auto
J5 Independent boiler – wood pellet
65 Auto
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Supplementary information on solid fuel appliances
Minimum effi ciencies
The minimum effi ciencies for solid-fuel appliances are published by the Heating Equipment Testing and Approval Scheme (HETAS) in the Offi cial Guide to Approved Solid Fuel Products and Services and on the website www.HETAS.co.uk. Individual manufacturer’s effi ciency fi gures may be higher than those indicated and should be used where independently certifi ed against the harmonised European Standards now in place.
Carbon emission factors
Solid fuels include wood, in various forms, different types of coal, and manufactured solid fuels and, consequently, there is a range of associated CO2 emission factors. These factors are as important as appliance effi ciency when selecting a boiler. Table 17 shows the CO2 emission factors for generic types of solid fuel recognised in SAP.
Table 17 CO2 emission factors for generic types of solid fuelSolid fuel CO2 emission
kg CO2/kWhNotes
House coal 0.291 Traditional British coal. It burns with smoky fl ame
Anthracite 0.317 A mineral fuel with high carbon content. Burns very cleanly
Manufactured smokeless fuel 0.392 Mineral fuel usually made from anthracite
Wood logs 0.025 Renewable wood logs either purchased or from own land
Wood pellets in bags 0.025 Mechanically compressed sawdust
Bulk wood pellets 0.025 As above, delivered in bulk
Multi-fuel 0.187 A UK ‘typical blend’ of logs and mineral fuel as burnt by a typical householder on a multi-fuel stove
Wood chips 0.025 Chipped wood, processed on site
Some appliances can only burn a single type of fuel while others may be able to burn a range of types. The ‘multi-fuel’ category in Table 17 allows for the latter group, basing its CO2 emissions on a typical blend of fuels used in that case.
Smoke control areas
Within local authority smoke control areas only anthracite or other authorised smokeless fuels may be used, unless the property is fi tted with an exempted appliance.
An exempted appliance is one that has been approved by Parliamentary Statutory Instrument for installation in smoke control areas and prospective purchasers should check that the appliance and intended fuel are permitted. A list of currently authorised fuels and exempted appliances is given on the website www.uksmokecontrolareas.co.uk.
Outside a smoke control area house coal or wood can be burnt on non-exempted appliances. Wood should always be seasoned to a moisture content not exceeding 20% to ensure maximum performanceand limit the occurrence of condensation and deposits in the chimney system.
All solid-fuel appliances require appropriate soot-fi re resistant chimneys discharging at high-level locations defi ned within Approved Document J (ADJ). Details of HETAS-approved chimney products independently tested and approved to accepted standards can be found on the HETAS website. The natural ventilation rates of these chimneys may be less than the default values listed within SAP2005; the use of these more accurate values will also reduce SAP values. More details are available on the HETAS website.
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5.3 Central heating systems using certain types of solid-fuel appliances
This section provides guidance on the specifi cation of fi xed solid-fuel heating systems for dwellings.
The guidance given in this section covers the following types of solid-fuel appliances used to deliver primary heating as part of a central heating system:
• Batch-fed open fi res with high-output boilers (appliance types D1–D4 in Table 16).• Batch-fed and automatic-feed room heaters and stoves with boilers (appliance type F in Table 16).• Batch-fed cookers with boilers not exceeding 7.5kW (appliance types G1 and G2 in Table 16).• Batch-fed independent boilers and automatic-feed anthracite and wood-pellet independent
boilers (appliance types J1–J5 in Table 16).
Unless stated otherwise, the guidance in this section applies equally to appliances that burn wood, wood pellets, house coal, manufactured smokeless fuels and anthracite.
Where appropriate, it will also be necessary to refer to the sections on community heating, underfl oor heating, solar water heating and micro-CHP.
Terminology and applicability of guidance to different scenarios in new and existing dwellings
The guidance in this section applies to the following situations:
a. The specifi cation of central heating systems in new dwellings – this situation is referred toin this section as a new system.
b. The specifi cation of central heating systems in existing dwellings where previously space heating was not provided by central heating – this situation is also referred to in this section asa new system.
c. The specifi cation of a replacement central heating system and/or component in existing dwellings where central heating is already installed – this situation is referred to in this sectionas a replacement system.
In situations (a) and (b) above the guidance for compliance of new systems (in new and existing dwellings) with Part L is the same.
In situation (c) above, that is for replacement systems in existing dwellings, in most cases the guidancefor compliance with Part L is as for new systems, unless otherwise stated in the relevant section.
In order to comply with the requirements of Part L, a central heating system using a solid-fuel appliance which is provided as a new system or replacement system in dwellings should meet all of the following conditions:
a. The appliance should be from the HETAS categories D, F, G and J as defi ned in Table 16.
AND
b. The appliance should have a minimum effi ciency (gross calorifi c value) of no less than that specifi ed in Table 16 for that category of appliance.
AND
c. The installer should confi rm that the ratio of heat to room and heat to water is appropriate for the room and total property. This will require reference to installation practice guidelines including calculation of room and property heat loss. Advice on this is given in the HETAS Guide and website.
AND
d. The minimum provisions for system circulation should be met as given in Table 18 (row a).
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AND
e. The minimum provisions for fuel storage should be met as given in Table 18 (row b).
AND
f. The minimum provisions for hot water storage systems and labelling of storage vessels should be met as given in Table 18 (row c).
AND
g. The minimum provisions for system preparation and water treatment should be met as given in Table 18 (row d).
AND
h. The system should be commissioned in accordance with the minimum provisions given in Table 18 (row e).
AND
i. The minimum provisions for control of the heating and hot water circuits, as given in Table 19 should be met. An acceptable alternative to these is any boiler management control system that meets the specifi ed zoning, timing and temperature requirements.
AND
j. Pipework should be insulated according to the minimum provisions given in Table 20.
Supplementary information
Turn-down values (i.e. the ratio of high to low output)
• Turn-down ratios are generally very good (>10:1) for automatic-feed appliances with small fi rebeds.• Turn-down ratios are less good with large batch-fed appliances unless these are used in
conjunction with a hot water accumulator.• Automatic appliances are likely to require less frequent refuelling. Automatic (e.g. electric or
gas) ignition is now available for certain designs and reduces energy usage at times of low demand, allowing boiler interlock.
• Some boilers have both auto-ignition and fi re-extinguishing features.
Link-up systems
It is possible to connect together two or more heating appliances with boilers (at least one of which can be solid-fuel fi red), to maximise fl exibility and effi ciency. For example, an oil or gas boiler couldbe combined with a wood-burning stove with boiler sited in the living room. This combination with wood burning appliances will reduce overall carbon emissions. Both systems should be designedto appropriate installation codes.
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Tab
le 1
8 M
inim
um p
rovi
sio
ns f
or
syst
em c
ircu
lati
on,
fue
l sto
rag
e, h
ot
wat
er s
tora
ge,
sys
tem
pre
par
atio
n an
d c
om
mis
sio
ning
of
solid
fu
el c
entr
al h
eati
ngM
inim
um p
rovi
sion
for
new
sys
tem
sM
inim
um p
rovi
sio
n fo
r re
pla
cem
en
t sy
ste
ms
Su
pp
lem
en
tary
info
rma
tio
n
a. S
yste
m
circ
ulat
ion
a. W
here
boi
ler
inte
rlock
is a
vaila
ble
, ful
ly p
ump
ed c
ircul
atio
n sh
ould
b
e ch
osen
b.
The
man
ufac
ture
r’s in
stru
ctio
ns o
n th
e si
zing
and
pos
ition
ing
of
heat
leak
rad
iato
rs s
houl
d b
e fo
llow
edc.
Sol
id-f
uel a
pp
lianc
es s
houl
d n
ot b
e fi t
ted
to
seal
ed h
eatin
g sy
stem
s w
ith e
xpan
sion
ves
sels
, exc
ept
whe
re s
pec
ifi ca
lly
per
mitt
ed b
y th
e m
anuf
actu
rer
or w
here
a t
herm
al s
tora
ge
inte
rfac
e d
evic
e is
use
d
As
defi
ned
for
new
sys
tem
sM
ost s
olid
-fue
l cen
tral
hea
ting
syst
ems
requ
irea
heat
leak
rad
iato
r to
dis
sip
ate
heat
from
the
sm
ould
erin
g fi r
e b
ed. T
his
is c
omm
only
the
b
athr
oom
tow
el r
ail a
nd a
the
rmos
ipho
n sy
stem
may
be
used
for
this
circ
uit.
In s
ome
case
s a
fully
pum
ped
syst
em re
duce
s ef
fi cie
ncy
and
sho
uld
not
be
used
b.
Fuel
sto
rag
eP
rovi
sion
sho
uld
be
mad
e fo
r st
orag
e of
rea
sona
ble
qua
ntiti
es o
f fu
el in
a c
onve
nien
t an
d d
ry lo
catio
n. F
or w
ood
, a fu
el s
tora
ge
cap
acity
of a
t le
ast
1.5m
3 is
req
uire
d
As
defi
ned
for
new
sys
tem
sN
o m
inim
um q
uant
ity o
f fue
l is
spec
ifi ed
for
solid
min
eral
fuel
but
bun
kers
gre
ater
tha
n 25
0kg
are
pref
erre
d as
bel
ow th
is h
ouse
hold
ers
are
likel
y to
pay
a d
eliv
ery
pre
miu
m
c. H
ot
wat
er
sto
rag
ea.
Ven
ted
cop
per
hot
wat
er s
tora
ge v
esse
ls s
houl
d c
omp
ly w
ith t
he
heat
loss
and
hea
t ex
chan
ger
req
uire
men
ts o
f BS
156
6-1:
2000
or B
S 3
198
b.
Vent
ed c
ylin
der
s in
mat
eria
ls o
ther
tha
n co
pp
er s
houl
d c
omp
ly
with
the
hea
t lo
ss a
nd h
eat
exch
ange
r re
qui
rem
ents
of B
S 1
566
c. U
nven
ted
hot
wat
er s
tora
ge s
yste
ms
pro
duc
ts s
houl
d:
• co
mp
ly w
ith B
S 7
206;
or
• b
e ce
rtifi
ed b
y th
e B
ritis
h B
oard
of A
grém
ent,
the
Wat
er
Res
earc
h C
ounc
il; o
r•
be
cert
ifi ed
by
anot
her
accr
edite
d b
ody
as c
omp
lyin
g w
ith
Bui
ldin
g R
egul
atio
nsd
. U
nven
ted
sys
tem
s sh
ould
not
be
used
with
gra
vity
circ
ulat
ion
e. P
rimar
y st
orag
e sy
stem
s sh
ould
mee
t th
e in
sula
tion
req
uire
men
ts
of t
he s
ectio
n 4.
3.1
or 4
.3.2
of t
he W
ater
Hea
ter
Man
ufac
ture
rs
Ass
ocia
tion
per
form
ance
sp
ecifi
catio
ns fo
r th
erm
al s
tore
s
Lab
ellin
g o
f ho
t w
ater
sto
rag
e ve
ssel
sf.
All
hot
wat
er s
tora
ge v
esse
ls s
houl
d c
arry
a la
bel
with
the
fo
llow
ing
info
rmat
ion
• ty
pe
of v
esse
l;•
nom
inal
cap
acity
in li
tres
;•
stan
din
g he
at lo
ss in
kW
h/d
ay;
• ty
pe
of v
esse
l;•
heat
exc
hang
er p
erfo
rman
ce in
kW
;g.
ven
ted
cop
per
hot
wat
er c
ylin
der
s sh
ould
car
ry c
lear
lab
ellin
gon
the
pro
duc
t su
ch a
s a
BS
I Kite
mar
k, r
egis
tere
d fi
rm s
tatu
sor
ref
eren
ce t
o an
eq
uiva
lent
qua
lity
cont
rol s
chem
e
As
defi
ned
for
new
sys
tem
sP
rim
ary
ho
t w
ate
r st
ore
sTh
ese
can
have
a m
ajor
rol
e to
pla
y in
the
in
stal
latio
n of
sol
id fu
el. T
he m
ain
reas
on fo
r th
eir
use
is t
o st
ore
the
heat
gen
erat
ed d
urin
g sl
umb
er p
erio
ds
but
the
y al
so p
rovi
de
mai
ns
pres
sure
hot
wat
er a
nd p
ossi
ble
frost
pro
tect
ion
(via
ele
ctric
imm
ersi
on h
eate
rs) f
rom
a s
olid
-fue
lsy
stem
. Dom
estic
hot
wat
er o
utle
t tem
pera
ture
is t
o b
e co
ntro
lled
at
a sa
fe le
vel.
Bec
ause
of
the
high
er t
han
norm
al s
tora
ge t
emp
erat
ures
it
is v
ery
impo
rtan
t tha
t the
se a
re w
ell i
nsul
ated
.W
ater
Hea
ter
Man
ufac
ture
rs A
ssoc
iatio
n P
erfo
rman
ce S
pec
ifi ca
tion
for
Ther
mal
Sto
res
ww
w.w
ater
heat
ing.
fsne
t.co
.uk/
wm
a.ht
m
Bri
tish
Sta
nd
ard
sB
S 1
566:
200
2 C
opp
er in
dire
ct c
ylin
der
s fo
r d
omes
tic p
urp
oses
. Op
en v
ente
d c
opp
er
cylin
der
s. R
equi
rem
ents
and
tes
t m
etho
ds
BS
319
8:19
81 S
pec
ifi ca
tion
for
cop
per
hot
wat
er s
tora
ge c
omb
inat
ion
units
for
dom
estic
pur
pos
esB
S 7
206:
1990
Sp
ecifi
catio
n fo
r un
vent
ed h
ot
wat
er s
tora
ge u
nits
and
pac
kage
s
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Tab
le 1
8 (c
on
tin
ue
d)
d.
Sys
tem
p
rep
arat
ion
and
wat
er
trea
tmen
t
a. C
entr
al h
eatin
g sy
stem
s sh
ould
be
thor
ough
ly c
lean
ed a
nd
fl ush
ed o
ut b
efor
e in
stal
ling
a ne
w b
oile
rb
. D
urin
g fi n
al fi
lling
of t
he s
yste
m a
che
mic
al w
ater
tre
atm
ent
form
ulat
ion
shou
ld b
e ad
ded
to
the
prim
ary
circ
uit
to c
ontr
ol
corr
osio
n an
d t
he fo
rmat
ion
of s
cale
and
slu
dge
. Rea
sona
ble
p
rovi
sion
wou
ld b
e to
follo
w t
he g
uid
ance
on
how
to
pre
par
e an
d
com
mis
sion
sys
tem
s gi
ven
in B
S 7
593
c. I
nsta
llers
sho
uld
als
o re
fer
to t
he b
oile
r m
anuf
actu
rer’s
inst
alla
tion
inst
ruct
ions
for
app
rop
riate
tre
atm
ent
pro
duc
ts a
nd s
pec
ial
req
uire
men
ts fo
r in
div
idua
l boi
ler
mod
els
d.
Whe
re t
he m
ains
wat
er h
ard
ness
exc
eed
s 20
0 p
arts
per
mill
ion,
p
rovi
sion
s sh
ould
be
mad
e to
tre
at t
he fe
ed w
ater
to
wat
er
heat
ers
and
the
hot
wat
er c
ircui
t of
com
bin
atio
n b
oile
rs t
o re
duc
e th
e ra
te o
f acc
umul
atio
n of
lim
e sc
ale
and
the
con
seq
uent
re
duc
tion
in e
nerg
y ef
fi cie
ncy
As
defi
ned
for
new
sys
tem
s
e. C
om
mis
sio
ning
a. O
n co
mp
letio
n of
the
inst
alla
tion
of a
boi
ler/
or a
hot
wat
er s
tora
ge
syst
em, t
oget
her
with
ass
ocia
ted
eq
uip
men
t su
ch a
s p
ipew
ork,
p
ump
s an
d c
ontr
ols,
the
eq
uip
men
t sh
ould
be
com
mis
sion
ed in
ac
cord
ance
with
the
man
ufac
ture
r’s in
stru
ctio
ns. T
hese
in
stru
ctio
ns w
ill b
e sp
ecifi
c to
the
par
ticul
ar b
oile
r an
d/o
r ho
t w
ater
sto
rage
sys
tem
b.
The
inst
alle
r sh
ould
giv
e a
full
exp
lana
tion
of t
he s
yste
m a
nd it
s op
erat
ion
to t
he u
ser,
incl
udin
g th
e m
anuf
actu
rer’s
use
r m
anua
l w
here
pro
vid
ed
As
defi
ned
for
new
sys
tem
s•
A C
omp
eten
t P
erso
n sh
ould
car
ry o
ut t
he
inst
alla
tion,
i.e.
an
inst
alle
r who
is re
gist
ered
by
HE
TAS
und
er t
he G
over
nmen
t’s
Com
pet
ent P
erso
ns S
chem
e, w
hich
cov
ers
the
req
uire
men
ts o
f AD
F, A
DJ,
AD
L1A
and
A
DL1
B. S
uch
a p
erso
n w
ill c
ertif
y, w
ithin
hi
s co
mp
eten
cy,t
hat
he h
as c
arrie
d o
ut
inst
alla
tion
and
com
mis
sion
ing
in
acco
rdan
ce w
ith B
uild
ing
Reg
ulat
ions
an
d t
he m
anuf
actu
rer’s
inst
ruct
ions
(w
here
the
se c
onta
in m
ore
strin
gent
cr
iteria
) and
tha
t he
has
exp
lain
ed a
nd
hand
ed o
ver
the
oper
atin
g in
stru
ctio
ns,
spec
ifi c
to t
he p
artic
ular
boi
ler
and
/or
hot
wat
er s
tora
ge s
yste
m, t
o th
e ho
useh
old
er•
For
exem
pte
d a
pp
lianc
es, c
are
shou
ldb
e ta
ken
whe
n no
tifyi
ng B
uild
ing
Con
trol
as
the
del
iver
y of
woo
d o
r co
al in
to a
sm
oke
cont
rol a
rea,
with
out
app
rop
riate
d
ocum
enta
tion,
is a
n of
fenc
e un
der
the
C
lean
Air
Act
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Table 19 Minimum provisions for system controls for solid-fuel central heating systems in new and existing dwellings*System control Minimum provisions for new systems Minimum provisions for
replacement systemsSupplementary information
All appliances, except open fi res
Thermostatic control of the burning rate Thermostatic control of the burning rate based on temperature of water in the boiler where the appliance uses a boiler
Automatic-feed appliances
Zoning • Dwellings with a total usable fl oor area up to 150m2 should be divided into at least two space heating zones with independent temperature control, one of which is assignedto the living area
• Dwellings with a total usable fl oor area greater than 150m2 should be provided with at least two space heating zones, each having separate timing and temperature controls
• Single-storey open-plan dwellingsin which the living area is greater than 70% of the total fl oor area – sub-zoning of temperature controlis not appropriate
No minimum requirementbut as far as it is practicable and economicto do so, controls should be upgraded to the levelsdefi ned for new systems
Time controlof space and water heating
Time control of space and water heating should be provided by:i. a full programmer with separate
timing to each circuit; orii. two or more separate timers providing
timing control to each circuit; oriii. programmable room thermostat(s) to
the heating circuit(s), with separate timing of the hot water circuit
No minimum requirementbut as far as it is practicable and economicto do so, controls should be upgraded to the levelsdefi ned for new systems
The level of sophisticationshould generally be appropriate to and compatible with thatof the appliance. The highest levels are only appropriate to applianceswith automatic ignition
Temperature control of space heating
Separate temperature control of zones within the dwelling, should be provided, using:i. room thermostats or programmable
room thermostats in all zones; orii. a room thermostat or programmable
room thermostat in the main zone andindividual radiator controls such as Thermostatic Radiator Valves (TRVs) on all radiators in the other zones; or
iii. a combination of (i) and (ii) above
No minimum requirementbut as far as it is practicable and economicto do so, controls should be upgraded to the levelsdefi ned for new systems
Temperature control of domestichot water
• A cylinder thermostat and a zone valve or three-port valve to control the temperature of stored hot water should be fi tted
• The use of non-electric hot water controllers does not meet this requirement
• Where permitted by the manufacturer,the cylinder thermostat should be wired to provide a boiler interlock
A method of temperaturecontrol should be providedto prevent excessive tap water temperatures.As far as it is practicable and economic to do so, controls should be upgraded to the levels defi ned for new systems
In some circumstances,such as thermal stores, a zone valve is not appropriate; a second pump could be substitutedfor the zone valve
*An acceptable alternative to these controls is any boiler management control system that meets the specifi ed zoning, timing and temperature and boiler
interlock control requirements.
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Supplementary information – controls for solid-fuel central heating
• Boiler interlock, provided by a wiring arrangement, to prevent the system from operating when there is no demand for heat, should only be fi tted if recommended by the manufacturer.
• In some simple batch-fed or automatic appliances (without heat stores and/or without automatic ignition) it is not possible to switch off the heat output completely, however the appliance output can be lowered to a minimum to reduce fuel consumption.
• In most solid-fuel systems the room thermostat will switch off the pump, which in turn will cause the boiler to operate at minimum output.
• Some automatic solid-fuel systems can be fi tted with weather compensation, and incorporate multi-zone control. It is important to seek guidance from the manufacturer, especially if the heating package is to include other fuels.
Table 20 Minimum provisions for insulation of pipes serving solid-fuel central heating systemsMinimum provision Supplementary information
In new systems pipes should, in the following cases, be insulated in accordance with the recommendations in this guide (in line with the maximum permissible heat loss indicated in the Supplementary Information column), and labelled accordingly:
• Primary circulation pipes for heating and hot water circuits should be insulated wherever they pass outside the heated living space or through voids which communicate with and are ventilated from unheated spaces
• Primary circulation pipes for domestic hot water circuits should be insulated throughout their length, subject only to practical constraints imposed by theneed to penetrate joists and other structural elements
• All pipes connected to hot water storage vessels, including the vent pipe, should be insulated for at least 1m from their points of connection to the cylinder (or they should be insulated up to the point where they become concealed)
• If secondary circulation is used, all pipes kept hot by that circulation should be insulated
For replacement systems, whenever a boiler or hot water storage vessel is replaced in an existing system, any pipes (in the situations above) that are exposed as part of the work or are otherwise accessible should be insulated in accordance with the recommendations in this guide (in line with the maximum permissible heat loss indicated in the Supplementary Information column), and labelled accordingly – or to some lesser standard where practical constraints dictate.
Insulation for pipework in unheated areasExtra provision may need to be made to protectcentral heating and hot water pipework in unheated areas against freezing. Further guidance is available in:• BS 5422:2001 Method for specifying thermal
insulating materials for pipes, tanks, vessels, ductwork and equipment operating within the temperature range of –40°C to +700°C
• BRE Report No 262 Thermal insulation: avoiding risks, 2002 edition
Where insulation is labelled as complying with the Domestic Heating Compliance Guide it must not exceed the following heat loss levels:
Pipe diameter (OD)mm
Maximum permissibleheat loss*(W/m)
8mm 7.06
10mm 7.23
12mm 7.35
15mm 7.89
22mm 9.12
28mm 10.07
35mm 11.08
42mm 12.19
54mm 14.12
*In assessing the thickness of insulation required to meet the provision, standardised conditions shouldbe used in all compliance calculations based in this instance on a horizontal pipe at 60ºC in still air at 15ºC
Further assistance in converting these heat loss limits to levels (thickness) of insulation for specifi c thermal conductivities is found in the TIMSA HVAC Guidance for achieving compliance with Part L of the Building Regulations
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5.4 Solid-fuel appliances for secondary heating
In order to comply with the requirements of Part L, solid-fuel appliances in new and existing dwellings,which are provided for secondary heating and are not part of a central heating system, should have aminimum effi ciency (gross calorifi c value) no less than specifi ed in Table 16 for that category of appliance.
Supplementary information – solid-fuel appliances providingsecondary heating
Minimum effi ciencies
The minimum effi ciencies for solid-fuel appliances are published by HETAS in the Offi cial Guide to Approved Solid Fuel Products and Services and on the website www.HETAS.co.uk. HETAS also certify and publish actual appliance effi ciencies following type testing in a notifi ed laboratory toa harmonised European Standard to enable an installer/specifi er to meet these regulations.
Appliance types
Appliances which are most suitable for secondary space heating are summarised in the table below.
Appliance type Notes
a. Open-fi re with high output boiler, whenused with ‘link-up’
b. Small solid-fuel room heaters (stoves), especially wood-fi red
These can be a dedicated wood burner or burn logs in a multi-fuel appliance or use pellets. They can be matched with a main heating system fi red by the same or a different primary fuel or off-peak electricity to reduce carbon emissions, especially wood-fi red, with or without thermostatic control. Many designs can provide heating during power cuts. Mineral fuel appliances can be chosen but the attention of designers is drawn to the probable need to supply additional measures, as the carbon emission values of these tend to be high. Mineral fuel appliances may often have slightly higher effi ciencies than their wood-burning counterparts. Multi-fuel room heaters can enable the user to burn renewable wood as well as an alternative to mineral fuels outside smoke control areas
c. Small solid-fuel stoves with boilers
The effi ciency of these can be higher than for than dry appliances. They can be integrated with the primary wet heating system. Multi-fuel appliances enable the householder to burn renewable wood in smoke control areas.
d. Range cookers Typically appliances which are installed in a ‘living area’ and are designed to provide some useful heat from their case into the space in which they are located.They are available in a variety of shapes and sizes and can incorporate a boiler which can be connected to dual-fuel integrated systems (e.g. link-up). Multi-fuel versions are also available.
Where requested, open fi res (HETAS categories B1, B2 and B3) can be fi tted
These do not have thermostatic control of the burning rate and have lower effi ciencies. However, they are able to burn wood logs with correspondingly low net carbon emissions. It must be stressed that large open fi res with large free-face areas (see Note 1) usually have ventilation requirements well in excess of that available in a property built to modern standards of air tightness. This is likely to lead to severe operational problems unless special steps are taken to provide the required air supply. The use of such large (simple) open fi res is penalised in the SAP calculationsNote 1: The free-face area of an open fi re is its open width times open height (see Approved Document J for further details).
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Controls for solid-fuel appliances providing secondary heating
Wherever possible, solid fuel appliances should have thermostatic control (these are usually integral to appliances in categories E, F and G). Controls should be appropriate to the level of sophistication of the appliance; automatic appliances can benefi t from advanced controls.
Provision of fuel storage for solid-fuel appliances providing secondary heating
The quantity of fuel consumed by secondary heating appliances is likely to be less than 1 tonne per year. However, it should be stored in a dry and convenient location.
Smoke control areas
The location of the appliance within or without a smoke control area is critical to the process of optimising the choice of appliance and fuel.
For further information on solid fuel appliances see Energy Effi ciency Best Practice in Housing – Domestic Heating by Solid Fuel: Boiler Systems (CE 47).
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Section 6 Community heating systems
This section provides guidance on the specifi cation of Community Heating (CH) systems in dwellings that, if followed, will satisfy the minimum requirements of Part L of the Building Regulations. Although specifi c reference to CH is not made in ADL1A and ADL1B, the paragraphs in each document dealing with central heating and hot water systems apply to CH. Procedures for calculating the energy use and carbon emissions associated with CH are included in the Standard Assessment Procedure (SAP).
6.1 Scope of guidance
The guidance in this section applies to CH systems. It covers CH using boilers as the heat source as well as those that use low carbon-heat sources such as Combined Heat and Power (CHP), biofuels, heat pumps and solar panels.
Guidance is provided for two scenarios:
• Where dwellings will be connected to a new CH scheme; and • Where dwellings will be connected to an existing CH scheme.
Requirements for the central heat source should be in accordance with the Non-domestic Heating,Cooling and Ventilation Compliance Guide, in support of Part L, except where specifi ed in this section.
Guidance given in the warm air heating or underfl oor heating sections is also relevant to CH where these types of space heating systems are used with CH. The remainder of this section providing guidance on CH assumes that a radiator system is employed similar to that for gas-fi red central heating systems.
6.2 Defi nition of Community Heating (CH)
A CH system is one that supplies heat to a number of dwellings from a common heat source. It may comprise, for example, a system heating a block of fl ats or a larger scale system heating many buildings. Systems that supply fewer than 15 dwellings from a central boiler system are not covered in this section of the guidance, and the guidance given for individual dwelling heating systems should be followed for these applications where appropriate.
The guidance in this document assumes that the CH distribution system uses hot water as the energy carrier. Hot water service systems may be generated centrally within each building or in individual dwellings.
Minimum provisions for connection of dwellings to a new CH scheme
In order to comply with the requirements, new CH systems to supply both new and existing dwellings should meet all of the following conditions:
a. The minimum provisions for system design to maximise the effi ciency of heat generation and minimise energy use by pumps should be met as given in Table 21.
AND b. Where the system uses low-carbon heat sources (e.g. CHP, biofuels, or heat pumps), the
minimum provisions for the lead heat generator, should be met, as defi ned in Table 22. AND c. Where heating systems are to be installed for new dwellings, the minimum provisions for
control of the system should be met as given in Table 23. AND d. The minimum provisions for hot water production, storage and treatment should be met as
in Table 24 (row d). AND e. The minimum provisions for the installation of heat meters should be met as given in
Table 24 (row e). AND f. The minimum provisions for commissioning of the system should be met as given in
Table 24 (row f). AND g. The minimum provisions for insulation of pipework should be met as given in Table 25.
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Minimum provisions for connection of dwellings to an exisiting CH scheme
In order to comply with the requirements of, when new or existing dwellings are connected toan existing CH scheme the following conditions should be met:
a. Where existing CH systems are in need of replacement or improvement a specifi c study should be carried out to assess the economic and environmental benefi ts of a range of options, including the use of CHP and other low carbon heat sources, especially where individual heating systems are being considered as an alternative to continuing with the CH system.
AND b. Where boilers will be replaced in existing CH systems the requirements of the Part L Non-
Domestic Heating, Cooling and Ventilation Compliance Guide should be followed for replacement boilers with respect to boiler effi ciency.
AND c. If thermal energy is purchased from an existing district or community heating system an
assessment of the carbon intensity of the scheme should be carried out. Emission factors should be determined based on the particular details of the scheme, but should take account of the annual average performance of the whole system (i.e. the distribution circuits and all the heat generating plant, including any CHP, and any waste heat recovery or heat dumping). The calculationof the Dwelling CO2 Emission Rate should be carried out by a suitably qualifi ed person, detailing how the emission factors were derived.
AND d. The minimum provisions for control systems within dwellings should be met as given in Table 23. AND e. The minimum provisions for insulation of pipework should met as given in Table 25.
Table 21 Minimum provisions for the design of new community heating systemsto maximise effi ciency of heat generation and minimise energy use by pumps
Minimum provision Supplementary information
1. Boilers for CH • Boiler-only community heating systems for new dwellings may be used provided that the carbon emissions calculated comply withthe target carbon emissions rating
• Boilers should be selected to comply with the boiler effi ciency requirements of the Non-domestic Heating, Cooling and Ventilation Compliance Guide
• When calculating the carbon emissions rating, the type and quantity of fuel used and also the electricity needed to operate the central plant and pumps should be taken into account
• For systems using condensing boilers:a. To achieve high boiler effi ciency, return
temperatures from radiator circuits shouldbe selected lower than 50ºC
b. Where instantaneous plate heat exchangers are used to produce hot water in individual dwellings the return temperature selected should be less than 40ºC
c. Where hot water cylinders are used the coil size should be such as to require a fl ow rate that results in a nominal return temperature of less than 40ºC while meeting the required heat-up time
d. Where hot water is produced centrally (e.g. in each block of dwellings) return temperatures lower than 40ºC should be achieved
2. Controlling the sequencing and fi ring of boilers
Controls for boilers should be in accordance with the requirements of the Non-Domestic Heating, Cooling and Ventilation Compliance Guide, except for optimum start controls, which are not required
• Setting occupation times is not generally possible for a group of dwellings and so optimum start controls are not a requirement
3. Minimising energy usedby pumps
• For new CH systems, the design temperature difference for the CH primary circuit should be greater than 20ºC
• Variable volume control systems should be used to reduce the volume of water and the pressuredifference required from the pumpsunder part load
• Pumping energy can be minimised by optimisingoperating temperatures and pipe sizes to reduceinstalled pump power
• To take full advantage of variable volume systems,variable speed pumps should be installed and controlled to deliver the required pressure difference to suit the load
• Further guidance is provided in BSRIA ApplicationGuide AG 16/2002 – Variable-fl ow Water Systems:Design, Installation and Commissioning Guidance
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Table 22 Minimum provisions for design of low-carbon heat sources where these are included in community heating systems
Minimum provision Supplementary information
1. Low carbon heat sources
No minimum requirement, but see supplementary information
CH systems can be designed to use low-carbon heat sources to meet all or part of the heat demand, which may enable some relaxation ofthe U-values that would otherwise be required (subject to the limits of design stated in ADL1A)
2. Biofuels No minimum requirement, but see supplementary information
a. Biofuels can be used to provide heat from boiler systems or as a fuel for CHP systems
b. Consideration should be given to operationand maintenance of the plant to ensure a long life and to prevent a later replacement by a conventional fuel system
c. Where a biofuel boiler is to be used in conjunctionwith conventional heating boilers or electric heating a reasonable minimum proportion of the annual heat supply from biofuels would be 45% of the annual heat demand (space, hot water service and process heating)
Further guidance is provided in Strategic Guideto Renewable and Decentralised Systems,ODPM 2005
3. Combined heat and power (CHP)
Where CHP is used in conjunction with boiler plant, the control system should ensure as far as practicable that the CHP plant operates as the lead heat source
a. CHP capacity should be optimised to meet therequired economic and environmental objectivesA reasonable minimum proportion of the annual heat supply from CHP would be 45% of the annual heat demand (space, domestic and hot water heating)
b. To maximise the use of CHP heat over the year, consideration should be given to the use of thermal storage to meet peaks, especially inthe early morning period
c. The procedure given in SAP 2005 should be used to calculate the carbon emissions from CHP systems
4. Heat pumps No minimum requirement, but see supplementary information
Heat pumps can be used as a heat source for CH systems. Selection of operating temperatures to suit both effi cient community heating systems and achieve high coeffi cients of performance is importantif carbon emissions are to be reduced. This may lead to the use of underfl oor heating and the provision of hot water service by other means
Where heat pumps are installed in conjunction with conventional heating boilers, a reasonable minimumproportion of the annual heat supply from theheat pump would be 45% of the annual space heating demand
5. Solar No minimum requirement, but see supplementary information
Solar thermal panels can be used as the heatsource for a centralised domestic hot water system
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Table 23 Minimum provisions for controls systems within dwellings for community heating
Minimum provision for new systems Supplementary information
1. Zoning • Dwellings with a total usable fl oor area up to 150m2 should be divided intoat least two zones with independent temperature control, one of which is assigned to the living area
• Dwellings with a total usable fl oor area greater than 150m2 should be provided with at least two space heating zones, each having separate timing and temperature controls
In single-storey open-plan dwellings in which the living area is greater than 70%of the total fl oor area, sub-zoning of temperature control is not appropriate
2. Time control of space heating
• Time control of space heating should be provided by:i. a full programmer;ii. two or more separate timers providing
timing control to each zone; oriii. programmable room thermostat(s) to
the heating circuit(s)• For dwellings with a total usable fl oor
area greater than 150m2, timing of the separate space heating zones can be achieved by:i. multiple heating zone programmers; orii. a single multi-channel programmer
Where the hot water is produced instantaneously, such as with a plate heat exchanger, time control is only requiredfor space heating zones
Time control of domestic hot water heating using a cylinder is not considered essential for CH and could be a disadvantage with CHP-based systems, increasing the morning peak demand and hence causing more use of the boiler than necessary
3. Temperature control of space heating
• Separate temperature control of zones within the dwelling, should be provided, using:i. room thermostats or programmable
room thermostats in all zones; orii. a room thermostat or programmable
room thermostat in the main zone and individual radiator controls such as Thermostatic Radiator Valves (TRVs)on all radiators in the other zones; or
iii. a combination of (i) and (ii) above
Control valves and TRVs should be two-porttype to reduce fl ow rates under part-load
Differential pressures across the control valves and TRVs should be controlled to maximum values to ensure that the controlvalves work effectively and maintain shut-off
4. Temperature control of domestichot water
• Temperature control of the domestic hot water service should be provided by means of two-port control valves either electrically operated or direct acting
Where instantaneous heat exchangers are used the control valve should be selected to maintain steady temperatures (<±5ºC) for a range of draw-off rates and primary differential pressures. To reduce the incidenceof scaling, the control valve should shut off the primary fl ow when there is no domestic hot water draw-off. A small intermittent fl ow is an advantage to maintain the temperature within the heat exchangerso as to provide more rapid heat-up
5. Limitation of maximum fl owrate into buildingor dwelling
• The maximum design fl ow rate intothe dwelling heating system should be limited by suitable control and balancing valves to maintain the overall balancein the network and to avoid excessive pumping energy
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Table 24 Minimum provision for domestic hot water production, storage and water treatment, heat meters and commissioning for community heating
Minimum provision Supplementary information
d1. Hot water service production and storage
The hot water service system should be controlled using variable volume control principles and be designed to maintain low return temperatures in the primary CH circuit
Hot water can be produced in four ways in CH systems:• in individual dwellings using indirect
storage cylinders• in individual dwellings using
instantaneous plate heat exchangers;• centrally using storage calorifi ers with
either an indirect coil or an external plate heat exchanger;
• centrally using an instantaneous plate heat exchanger
In selecting the system consideration should be given to:• the impact on return temperatures in the
CH system;• the impact on fl ow rates in the CH system;• the impact on heat demand profi les and
compatibility with the heat source;• standing losses from storage cylinders/
calorifi ers and the impact on energy use;• the quality of service provided in terms
of fl ow rate and temperature control;• the advantages of having local storage
in terms of security of supplyWhere the network is extensive and hot water production is centralised, a two-stage water heating system can be usedto deliver low return temperatures. In this design the return water from the space heating circuit is used to pre-heat the cold feed to the domestic hot water
d2. Water treatment A suitable system for introduction of water treatment chemicals into the CH system in a controlled manner with facility for monitoringof water quality should be provided
A suitable long-term programme of water treatment is essential to preserve the life ofthe CH system by limiting internal corrosion.
Additional chemical and physical treatmentshould be evaluated especially for larger systems, including:• removal of oxygen by physical means;• softened water supply;• side-stream fi ltration;• biocide
e. Heat meters Provision should be made in the design for including heat meters either at the time of installation or at a later date without major pipework changes
f. Commissioning • The CH system should be commissionedso that the design volume fl ow rates are supplied to each dwelling and there is noexcessive bypassing of water that would lead to higher pumping energy use
• The fl ow rates in individual heat emitters should be balanced using appropriate return temperatures or by using calibratedcontrol valves
• The systems within the dwellings should be demonstrated to the resident and suitable information provided on the operation of the controls
Where the central heat source includes a low-carbon heat source the control system should be proven by demonstrating that the low-carbon heat source will normally act as the lead heat source
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Table 25: Minimum provision for insulation of pipes for community heating systems (within dwellings and distribution pipework outside the dwelling)Minimum provision Supplementary information
In new systems pipes should, in the following cases, be insulated in accordance with the recommendations in this guide (in line with the maximum permissible heat loss indicated in the Supplementary Information column), and labelled accordingly:
• Primary circulation pipes for heating and hot water circuits should be insulated wherever they pass outside the heated living space or through voids which communicate with and are ventilated from unheated spaces
• Primary circulation pipes for domestic hot water circuits should be insulated throughout their length, subject only to practical constraints imposed by theneed to penetrate joists and other structural elements
• All pipes connected to hot water storage vessels, including the vent pipe, should be insulated for at least 1m from their points of connection to the cylinder (or they should be insulated up to the point where they become concealed)
• If secondary circulation is used, all pipes kept hot by that circulation should be insulated
For replacement systems, whenever a boiler or hot water storage vessel is replaced in an existing system, any pipes (in the situations above) that are exposed as part of the work or are otherwise accessible should be insulated in accordance with the recommendations in this guide (in line with the maximum permissible heat loss indicated in the Supplementary Information column), and labelled accordingly – or to some lesser standard where practical constraints dictate.
Insulation for pipework in unheated areasExtra provision may need to be made to protectcentral heating and hot water pipework in unheated areas against freezing. Further guidance is available in:• BS 5422:2001 Method for specifying thermal
insulating materials for pipes, tanks, vessels, ductwork and equipment operating within the temperature range of –40°C to +700°C
• BRE Report No 262 Thermal insulation: avoiding risks, 2002 edition
Where insulation is labelled as complying with the Domestic Heating Compliance Guide it must not exceed the following heat loss levels:
Pipe diameter (OD)mm
Maximum permissibleheat loss*(W/m)
8mm 7.06
10mm 7.23
12mm 7.35
15mm 7.89
22mm 9.12
28mm 10.07
35mm 11.08
42mm 12.19
54mm 14.12
*In assessing the thickness of insulation required to meet the provision, standardised conditions shouldbe used in all compliance calculations based in this instance on a horizontal pipe at 60ºC in still air at 15ºC
Further assistance in converting these heat loss limits to levels (thickness) of insulation for specifi c thermal conductivities is found in the TIMSA HVAC Guidance for achieving compliance with Part L of the Building Regulations
Insulation of community heating pipework (i.e. distribution pipes outside the dwelling)
CH pipework should be insulated to the standards defi ned in EN 253 for pre-insulated pipes or toan equivalent performance for conventionallyinsulated pipes
CH pipework typically uses pre-insulated buried pipe systems. Minimum insulation thicknesses are defi ned in the EN standards. Where pipework is run above groundthe pipe insulation performance should be at least as high as that used in the buried part of the system. Enhanced insulation standards should be evaluated where CH is supplied only from fossil-fuelled boilers or where fl ow temperatures over 100ºC are being usedDesigning for minimum heat losses from distribution pipeworkHeat losses can be reduced by optimising operating temperatures in conjunction with the need to minimise pumping energy. Variable volume control systems will assist in maintaining low return temperatures. While some bypasses may be needed to maintain the systemin a hot condition ready to meet the demand these should be controlled to the minimum fl ow needed. The use of temperature controlled bypass valves where the bypass only operates when fl ow temperature has droppedbelow a set level is recommended
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Supplementary information
Additional information is provided in the documents and standards listed below.
Good Practice Guide GPG 234 Guide to community heating and CHP – commercial, public and domestic applications. Available from the Carbon Trust
BS EN 13941:2003 Design and installation of preinsulated bonded pipe systems fordirect heating
BS EN 14419:2003 District heating pipes. Preinsulated bonded pipe systems for directly buried hot water networks. Surveillance systems
BS EN 253:2003 District heating pipes. Preinsulated bonded pipe systems for directly buried hot water networks. Pipe assembly of steel service pipe, polyurethane thermal insulation and outer casing of polyethylene
BS EN 448:2003 District heating pipes. Preinsulated bonded pipe systems for directly buried hot water networks. Fitting assemblies of steel service pipes, polyurethane thermal insulation and outer casing of polyethylene
BS EN 488:2003 District heating pipes. Preinsulated bonded pipe systems for directly buried hot water networks. Steel valve assembly for steel service pipes, polyurethane thermal insulation and outer casing of polyethylene
BS EN 489:2003 District heating pipes. Preinsulated bonded pipe systems for directly buried hot water networks. Joint assembly for steel service pipes, polyurethane thermal insulation and outer casing of polyethylene
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Section 7 Underfl oor heating systemsThis section provides guidance on the specifi cation of underfl oor heating systems in dwellings.
7.1 Scope of guidance
The guidance in this section covers systems that use hot water as the energy carrier and thosethat rely on electric heating elements. It should be used in conjunction with the guidance on central heating systems in the fuel-based sections of this guide on gas-fi red, oil-fi red, solid-fuel or electric heating systems.
In order to comply with the requirements of Part L, underfl oor heating in new dwellings should meet all of the following conditions:
a. The minimum provisions for control of the system and safe operating temperatures as given in Table 26 should be met.
AND b. The minimum provisions for fl oor insulation and system design to minimise distribution losses
should be met as outlined in Table 27. AND c. For electric underfl oor heating systems in new dwellings the minimum provisions for construction
and controls as set out in Table 28 as applicable to the type of system.
Table 26 Minimum provisions for control of electric and wet underfl oorheating systemsControls Minimum provision Supplementary
information
1. System temperature controls (electric and wet fl oor heating systems)
All fl oor heating systems, whether electrical or warm water types, should be fi tted with suitable controls toensure safe system operating temperatures, as follows:• A separate fl ow temperature high-limit thermostat is
required for warm water systems connected to any high water temperature heat supply (i.e. operating at more than 60°C)
• Mixed systems containing both radiators andfl oor heating, connected to a common high water temperature supply (i.e. operating at more than 60°C)should be provided with a separate means of reducingthe water temperature to the fl oor heating system
2. Room temperature control (electric and wet fl oor heating systems)
• Each room should have its own temperature control device; however, it may be acceptable for adjacent rooms with similar function to share a thermostat or sensor, e.g. separate kitchen and utility areas
• Bathrooms or en-suites which share a heating circuit with an adjacent bedroom will provide heat only when the bedroom thermostat is activated. In such cases, the bathroom or en-suite areas should be fi tted with an independent towel rail or radiator
• Weather compensating controllers should be installed
3. Time control (electric and wet fl oor heating systems)
• Dwellings with a total usable fl oor area up to 150m2 should be divided into at least two zones with independent temperature control, one of which is assigned to the living area
• Dwellings with a total usable fl oor area greater than 150m2 should be provided with at least two space heating zones each having separate on/off timing controls and and temperature controls
• Single-storey open-plan dwellings in which the living area is greater than 70% of the total fl oor area– sub-zoning of temperature control is not appropriate.
• Thick screed fl oor heating systems (>65mm) shouldhave facilities for automatic setback of room temperatureto a lower level at night or during unoccupied periods
Facilities for automatic setback of room temperatureto a lower level at night or during unoccupied periods are recommended for both electrical and warm water systems
4. Boiler control(wet systems only)
Warm-water fl oor-heating system controls should be interlocked with the boiler and stored hot water temperaturecontrol to ensure that the boiler does not fi re when thereis no demand for heat for either space or water heating
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Table 27 Minimum provisions for fl oor insulation and minimising distribution losses of wet and electric underfl oor heating systemsFloor insulation and design for reducing distribution losses
Minimum provision Supplementary information
1. Exposed ground fl oors
i. Ground fl oors on earth, or suspended fl oors in contact with outside air should be insulated to limit downward heat loss to not more than 10W/m2 resulting from thermal resistance of the applied fl oor fi nish
ii. When heat output is not known, but the fl oor fi nish is specifi ed, the extra amount of system thermal insulation may be calculated using the sum of the thermal resistance of the fl oor fi nish and the thermal resistance of the underlying heated layer, all multiplied by a factor of 10
iii. Supplementary fl oor heating system thermal insulationmay be either supplied independently or added to the statutory fl oor insulation requirement
iv. Notwithstanding (iii) above, fl oor heating systems intended for cyclical operation or installed over unheated rooms should be separated from the structural fl oor by a layer of thermal insulation of at least 1.25m2K/W thermal resistance, and installed below the heated plane
2a. Intermediate fl oors (with heated rooms below): Wet systems
Intermediate fl oors with heated rooms below, complyingwith both Part L and Part E of the Regulations, should have a separating layer of system thermal insulationto comply with BS EN1264, Part 4, where the minimumthermal resistance is given as not less than R = 0.75m2K/W
Thermal insulation of party fl oors is essential because the fl oor/ceiling is directly coupled to the heating elements
2b. Intermediate fl oors (with heated rooms below): Electric systems
Intermediate fl oors with heated rooms below, complyingwith both Part L and Part E of the Regulations, should have a separating layer of system thermal insulation where the minimum thermal resistance is given as not less than R = 0.5m2K/W
3. System designto minimise distribution losses
i. Underfl oor heating distribution boards or warm-water distribution manifolds should be located centrally between the rooms being heated, thus minimising the length of interconnecting services
ii. Service pipes should be insulated or routed via conduits to reduce distribution losses where thereis a risk of overheating the room or fl oor fi nish as a result of the presence of hot water service pipes in transit to more distant rooms, and/or avoidable energy loss
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Tab
le 2
8 M
inim
um p
rovi
sio
ns f
or
cons
truc
tio
n an
d c
ont
rol o
f el
ectr
ic u
nder
fl o
or
heat
ing
sys
tem
sM
inim
um p
rovi
sio
nS
upp
lem
enta
ry in
form
atio
n
c1. E
lect
ric
sto
rag
e sy
stem
s w
ith
ind
ivid
ual r
oo
mo
r p
rog
ram
mab
le
ther
mo
stat
s b
ut
wit
hout
low
tar
iff
anti
cip
ato
ry
cont
rols
Co
nstr
ucti
on
i. E
lect
ric c
able
und
erfl o
or h
eatin
g lo
w-t
ariff
nig
ht e
nerg
y st
orag
e sy
stem
s sh
ould
hav
e a
65m
m
min
imum
thi
ckne
ss s
cree
d fo
r co
rrec
t op
erat
ion
ii. P
rinci
pal
roo
ms
cont
aini
ng 8
0% fl
oor
area
sho
uld
be
assi
gned
to
low
-tar
iff h
eatin
g ca
ble
s an
d
20%
of t
he fl
oor
area
sho
uld
be
assi
gned
to
dire
ct a
ctin
g p
erim
eter
hea
ting
cab
les
in o
rder
to
max
imis
e en
ergy
effi
cien
cy
a. O
ther
are
as s
houl
d b
e as
sign
ed a
s lo
w-
tarif
f hea
ting
cab
les
only
(sub
ject
to
heat
re
qui
rem
ents
)b
. B
athr
oom
s an
d s
epar
ate
kitc
hens
may
have
dire
ct a
ctin
g he
atin
g ca
ble
s (s
ubje
ctto
hea
t re
qui
rem
ents
)
Co
ntro
lsiii
. A
ntic
ipat
ory
cont
rolle
rs s
houl
d b
e in
stal
led
con
trol
ling
low
-tar
iff in
put
cha
rge
with
ext
erna
l te
mp
erat
ure
sens
ing
and
fl oo
r te
mp
erat
ure
sens
ing
iv.
Pro
gram
mab
le r
oom
the
rmos
tats
with
ove
r-rid
e fe
atur
e sh
ould
be
pro
vid
ed fo
r al
l dire
ct a
ctin
g zo
nes
of t
he s
yste
m w
ith a
ir an
d fl
oor
tem
per
atur
e se
nsin
g ca
pab
ilitie
s to
be
used
ind
ivid
ually
or
com
bin
ed
Ant
icip
ator
con
trol
lers
(i.e
. wea
ther
com
pens
ator
s)re
duc
e ni
ght
ener
gy s
tora
ge a
s a
func
tion
of
exte
rnal
tem
per
atur
e
c2. E
lect
ric
cab
le,
dir
ect
acti
ng (n
on-
sto
rag
e) s
yste
ms
wit
h in
div
idua
l ro
om
tim
er/
ther
mo
stat
co
ntro
l in
scr
eed
ed fl
oo
rs
Co
nstr
ucti
on
i. D
irect
act
ing
elec
tric
und
erfl o
or h
eatin
g ca
ble
s sh
ould
be
inst
alle
d w
ithin
scr
eed
s of
thi
ckne
ss
not
exce
edin
g 50
mm
ii. A
ll he
ated
fl oo
rs s
houl
d b
e in
sula
ted
to
the
req
uire
men
ts s
how
n in
Tab
le 2
7 ab
ove
Co
ntro
lsiii
. Pro
gram
mab
le r
oom
the
rmos
tats
with
man
ual o
ver-
ride
feat
ure
for
all h
eatin
g zo
nes
with
air
and
fl oo
r te
mp
erat
ure
sens
ing
cap
abili
ties
to b
e us
ed in
div
idua
lly o
r in
com
bin
atio
n
c3. E
lect
ric
cab
le,
dir
ect
acti
ng w
ith
ind
ivid
ual r
oo
m
tim
er/t
herm
ost
at
cont
rol i
n ti
mb
er
fl o
ors
Co
nstr
ucti
on
i. D
irect
act
ing
elec
tric
und
erfl o
or h
eatin
g ca
ble
s in
stal
led
bel
ow fl
oor
boa
rds
in v
oid
s b
etw
een
fl oor
jois
ts s
houl
d b
e p
rovi
ded
with
insu
latio
n to
com
ply
with
Par
t L1
(and
Par
t E
) req
uire
men
ts
and
the
effe
cts
of a
ny fl
oor
cove
ring
in a
ccor
dan
ce w
ith T
able
27
abov
e
Co
ntro
lsii.
Pro
gram
mab
le r
oom
the
rmos
tats
with
man
ual o
ver-
ride
feat
ure
shou
ld b
e p
rovi
ded
to
cont
rol
spac
e te
mp
erat
ure
and
lim
it fl o
or v
oid
tem
per
atur
e fo
r sa
fety
and
com
fort
in e
ach
area
c4. U
nder
-tile
ele
ctri
c fl
oo
r he
atin
g
syst
ems
Co
nstr
ucti
on
i. D
irect
act
ing
elec
tric
und
erfl o
or h
eatin
g ca
ble
s sh
ould
be
pro
vid
ed w
ith a
pre
-fab
ricat
ed m
attr
ess
(or
equa
l) fo
rmat
, of t
hick
ness
less
tha
n 4m
m e
ncap
sula
ted
in t
ile b
edd
ing
adhe
sive
or
mor
tar,
bel
ow a
cer
amic
or
othe
r eq
uiva
lent
fl oo
r fi n
ish
on a
the
rmal
ly r
esis
tive
insu
latio
n la
yer
as
defi
ned
in T
able
27
row
1 (i
i)
Co
ntro
lsii.
Pro
gram
mab
le r
oom
the
rmos
tats
with
man
ual o
ver-
ride
feat
ure
shou
ld b
e p
rovi
ded
to
cont
rol
spac
e te
mp
erat
ure
and
lim
it fl o
or v
oid
tem
per
atur
e fo
r sa
fety
and
com
fort
in e
ach
area
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Section 8 Heat pump systems
This section provides guidance on the specifi cation of heat pump systems in dwellings.
Defi nition of a heat pump
A heat pump is a device which takes heat energy from a low-temperature source and upgrades it toa higher temperature at which it can be usefully employed for heating and/or hot water. Heat pumps may supply all or part of the space heating load.
8.1 Scope of guidance
This guidance in this section applies to the following types of heat pump technologies:
Heat pump type Warm (or hot) water systems
Warm air systems
Ground Source Systems (GSHP)Heat energy is extracted from the ground using closed-pipe loops buried horizontally in trenches or in vertical boreholes that are connected back to the GSHP. The fl uid circulating in the closed loop is normally a water/propylene glycol antifreeze mixture or acceptable equivalent but some direct acting GSHPs use refrigerant. Open loops may also be used to collect water from an aquifer and discharge via a separate aquifer downstream of the water table fl ow; systems of this type normally require permits from the Environment Agency. Heat extracted from the ground may be supplied toa dwelling either by a water-based heating system (ground to water heat pumps) or by an air distribution system (ground to air heat pumps)
Ground to water
Ground to air
Water Source Systems (WSHP)Heat energy is extracted indirectly from a water source using closed pipe loops as a heat exchanger. The closed loop is connected back to the water to water heat pump. The water source may be a lake, pond or river or other stable water source. The fl uid circulating in the closed loop will normallybe water but a water/propylene glycol or acceptable equivalent antifreeze mixture may be used, depending on operating temperatures. Open loops may also be used subject to the permits being obtained from the Environment Agency. Heat may be supplied to the dwelling either bya water-based heating system (water to water heat pumps) or by anair distribution system (water to air heat pumps)
Water to water Water to air
Air Source Systems (ASHP)Air source heat pumps extract heat directly from the ambient air. Heat is supplied to the dwelling either by a water-based heating system (air to water heat pumps) or by an air distribution system (air to air heat pumps).Air to air heat pumps may be single package or split systems
Air to water Air to air
All heat pump systems are at their most effi cient when the source temperature is as high as possible, the heat distribution temperature is as low as possible and pressure losses in air and water systems are kept to a minimum.If installed in a new dwelling, heat pumps should use refrigerants complying with the provisions of EU Directive 2037:2000. Heat pumps should be CE marked in accordance with the relevant EU Directives where applicable, e.g. machinery safety, low voltage, pressure equipment, electromagnetic compatibility. If summer cooling is provided by the heat pump, it is recommended that condensate drainage from the fan coil units is provided.
In order to comply with the requirements, heating systems using a heat pump as the heat generator (such as underfl oor, warm air and medium temperature radiator systems) in new and existing dwellings should meet all of the following conditions:
a. Electrically driven heat pumps should have a coeffi cient of performance of not less than 2.0 when operating at the heating system design condition;AND
b. The minimum provisions for supply temperatures, and for wet systems radiator effi ciency, in systems using warm (and hot) water heat pumps as the heat generator should be met as given in Table 29 (row a).
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AND c. The minimum provisions for installation should be met as given in Table 29 (row b) for warm
(and hot) water pumps and as given in Table 30 (row a) for warm air pumps. AND d. Where warm (and hot) water heat pumps heat pumps are used to meet all or part of the
domestic hot water load, the minimum provisions for hot water should be met as given in Table 29(row c).
AND e. The minimum provisions for control of the system should be met as given in Table 29 (row d)
for warm (and hot) water heat pumps and as given in Table 30 (row b) for warm air heat pumps.
Table 29 Minimum provisions for warm (and hot) water heat pumps (ground to water, water to water and air to water systems)Minimum provision Supplementary information
a. Supply water temperatures and/or effi ciency
Underfl oor heatingSupply water temperatures to the underfl oorheating system should be in the range 30ºC to 40ºC
See section 7 of this guide on underfl oor heating
RadiatorsHigh-effi ciency radiators with high water volume should be utilisedSupply water temperature to the radiators should be in the range 40ºC to 55ºC
Space heating may be sized to meet all or part of the space heating load. Secondary heating will be required if the heat pump issized to meet part of the space heating load
Fan coil unitsSupply water temperature to the fan coil units should be in the range 35ºC to 45ºC
Fan coil units may be utilised for heating onlyor for winter heating and summer cooling
b. Installation i. The water distribution system shouldbe arranged for reverse return operationto maximise effi ciency and ease commissioning and future maintenance
ii. Pipework not contributing to the space heating should be insulated to prevent heat loss following the guidance in the TIMSA guide
iii. If summer cooling is provided by the heatpump, all water distribution pipework should be insulated to prevent condensation following the guidancein the TIMSA guide
iv. External pipework between the dwelling and the ground heat exchanger should be insulated following the guidance in the TIMSA guide
v. The ground loop water circuit should be protected with an antifreeze solution and inhibitor as recommended by the heat pump manufacturer
vi. The internal water distribution circuit should contain an inhibitor and may be protected by an antifreeze solutionas recommended by the heat pump manufacturer
• A pressurised water distribution system with expansion vessel is recommended
• Constant water fl ow should be maintainedthrough the heat pump
• Pipe sizes should be in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations
Installation• Installation should be carried out by an
installer approved by the manufacturer• If during installation access to the
refrigeration circuit is needed, a competentrefrigeration and air conditioning engineer(with a valid refrigerant handling certifi cateand/or an engineering services skillcard) should carry out the work
• Installation of the dwelling’s water distribution system should be undertakenby a competent central heating specialist
TIMSA HVAC Guidance for Achieving Compliance with the Part L of the Building Regulations.
c. Domestichot water
For full heating the heat pump should be capable of supplying water in the range 60ºCto 65ºC. If the heat pump is not capableof supplying water at these temperatures, supplementary heating should be provided and controlled as described in other sections of this guideThe domestic hot water system should include a tank thermostat and a time clock to optimise the time taken to heat the water
The heat pump may be utilised for all or part of the DHW load. During the DHW heating period the heat pump may not necessarily be providing heated waterto the space heating system
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Table 29 (continued)d. Controls Heat pumps unit controls should include:
• control of water pump operation (internaland external as appropriate)
• control of water temperature for the distribution system
• control of outdoor fan operation for air to water units
• defrost control of external airside heat exchanger for air to water systems
• protection for water fl ow failure• protection for high water temperature• protection for high refrigerant pressure• protection for air fl ow failure on air to
water unitsExternal controls should include:• room thermostat to regulate the space
temperature and interlocked with theheat pump unit operation;
• timer to optimise operation of theheat pump
Table 30 Minimum provisions for warm air heat pumps (ground to air, water to air and air to air systems)Minimum provision Supplementary information
a. Installation • Minimum clearances adjacent to all airfl ow paths, as recommended by the manufacturer, should be maintained
• Pipe sizes should be in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations
• The refrigerant pipework on split systems should be insulated in line with manufacturer’s recommendations
• If summer cooling is provided by the heat pump, provision should be made for condensate drainage from the indoor terminal units
• For ground-to-air and water-to-air systemsall external pipework between the dwellingand the external heat exchanger should be insulated by following the guidance in the TIMSA guide
• For ground-to-air and water-to-air systems constant water fl ow should be maintained through the heat pump
• Installation should be carried out by an installer approved by the manufacturer
• Installation that requires access to the refrigeration circuit, or the connection of split systems, should be carried out by a competent refrigeration and air conditioningengineer holding a refrigerant handling certifi cate and, preferably, an engineeringservices skillcard
TIMSA HVAC Guidance for Achieving Compliance with the Part L of the Building Regulations
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Table 30 (continued)b. Controls Heat pump unit controls should include:
• control of room air temperature (if not provided externally)
• control of outdoor fan operation for air to air units
• defrost control of external airside heat exchanger for air to air systems
• control for secondary heating (if fi tted) on air to air systems
• control of external water pump operationfor ground to air and water to air systems
• protection for high water temperature• protection for high refrigerant pressure• protection for indoor air fl ow failure• protection for external air fl ow failure on
air to air units• protection for water fl ow failure on
ground to air and water to air systems
External controls should include:• room thermostat (if not provided internal
to the heat pump) to regulate the space temperature and interlocked with the heat pump unit operation
• timer to optimise operation of theheat pump
Supplementary information – further guidance on heat pumps
• EU Directives for: Machinery Safety; Low Voltage; Pressure Equipment;Electromagnetic Compatibility;
• SAP 2005;• DEFRA/Carbon Trust Energy Technology List – Heat Pumps (www.eca.gov.uk);• EN 14511 Air conditioners, liquid chilling packages and heat pumps with electrically driven
compressors for space heating and cooling;• ISO 13256 Water-source heat pumps – testing and rating for performance: Part 1 – Water-to-air
and brine-to-air heat pumps and Part 2 – Water-to-water and brine-to-water heat pumps;• Best Practice Programme: Good Practice Guide 339, Domestic Ground Source Heat Pumps,
Design and Installation of Closed-loop System;• EN 378 Specifi cation for Refrigerating Systems and Heat Pumps. Safety and environmental
requirements.
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Section 9 Solar water heating
This section provides guidance on the specifi cation of solar water heating for dwellings.
9.1 Scope of guidance
The guidance in this section covers solar systems with a collector area of less than 20m2 and solar heated water storage of less than 440 litres. It does not cover systems intended to contribute exclusivelyto space heating or systems providing heat exclusively to heat swimming pools. It should be used in conjunction with the guidance on water heating contained in the fuel-based sections of this guide.
In order to comply with the requirements of Part L, solar water heating in new and existing dwellings should meet all of the following conditions:
a. The minimum provisions for collector certifi cation, identifi cation and testing should be met as specifi ed in Table 31 (row a).
AND
b. The minimum provisions for selection of transfer fl uid in the collector primary loop as given in Table 31 (row b) should be met.
AND
c. The minimum provisions for circulation pump power as given in Table 31 (row c) should be met.
AND
d. The minimum provisions for heat-exchanger sizing as given in Table 31 (row d) should be met.
AND
e. The minimum provisions for control of the system as given in Table 31 (row e) should be met. Where work is carried out in a dwelling that already has a solar hot water system it is recommendedthat the system control is upgraded in line with the minimum provisions for systems in new dwellings.
AND
f. Solar pre-heated water storage should be in accordance with the minimum provisions given in Table 31 (row f).Where work is carried out in a dwelling that already has a solar hot water system it is recommended that the insulation is upgraded in line with the minimum provisionsfor systems in new dwellings.
AND
g. The minimum provisions for storage of solar pre-heated water as given in Table 31 (row G) should be met.
AND
h. The minimum provisions for system labelling and commissioning, as given in Table 32 (rows h and i), should be met.
AND
i. The minimum provisions for insulating pipes in a solar primary system, as given in Table 33 should be met.
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Tab
le 3
1 M
inim
um p
rovi
sio
ns f
or
sola
r w
ater
hea
ting
Min
imum
pro
visi
on
Sup
ple
men
tary
info
rmat
ion
Allo
wan
ce f
or
colle
cto
r sh
adin
gN
o m
inim
um p
rovi
sion
Sol
ar c
olle
ctor
s sh
ould
be
site
d in
uns
had
ed
loca
tions
whe
reve
r p
ossi
ble
. Whe
re t
his
is
unav
oid
able
or
in c
ases
of s
igni
fi can
t or
he
avy
shad
ing
or s
igni
fi can
t va
rianc
e to
the
op
timum
orie
ntat
ion
and
tilt
(i.e
. nor
mal
pitc
h ro
ofs
faci
ng b
etw
een
SE
and
SW
), th
en a
n al
low
ance
for
the
loss
of p
erfo
rman
ce s
houl
d
be
mad
e w
hen
sizi
ng t
he c
olle
ctor
are
a ac
cord
ing
to t
he fa
ctor
s in
dic
ated
in
SA
P(2
005)
Ap
pen
dix
H
a.
So
lar
colle
cto
r ce
rtifi
cati
on
Col
lect
ors
shou
ld b
e in
dep
end
ently
cer
tifi e
d t
o co
mp
ly w
ith a
ll te
sts,
saf
ety,
the
rmal
per
form
ance
rep
ortin
g an
d
iden
tifi c
atio
n ac
cord
ing
to B
S E
N 1
2975
Cop
ies
of t
he fu
ll te
st r
epor
t sh
ould
be
mad
e av
aila
ble
up
on r
eque
st
b.
Pri
mar
yci
rcui
t fl
uid
The
tran
sfer
fl ui
d in
the
col
lect
or p
rimar
y lo
op s
houl
d b
e ch
osen
so
as n
ot t
o d
epos
it lim
e sc
ale,
slu
dge
, ice
or
othe
r so
lids
that
cou
ld e
ither
res
tric
t ci
rcul
atio
n, o
r im
pai
r th
e ra
te o
f hea
t tr
ansf
er w
ithin
the
ab
sorb
erIn
sec
ond
ary
syst
ems
mea
sure
s to
red
uce
the
form
atio
n of
lim
e sc
ale
shou
ld b
e co
nsid
ered
so
that
per
form
ance
is n
ot
sign
ifi ca
ntly
aff
ecte
d
c.
Cir
cula
tio
n p
ump
po
wer
The
elec
tric
al in
put
pow
er o
f the
prim
ary
pum
p in
the
sol
ar s
yste
m s
houl
d b
e le
ss t
han
50W
or
2% o
f pea
k th
erm
al
pow
er o
f the
col
lect
or, w
hich
ever
is t
he h
ighe
r
d.
Hea
t-ex
chan
ger
si
zing
The
heat
exc
hang
er b
etw
een
a so
lar
prim
ary
and
sec
ond
ary
syst
em s
houl
d s
ized
as
follo
ws:
• S
yste
ms
with
fl ow
rat
es o
f gre
ater
tha
n or
eq
ual t
o 0.
5 lit
res
per
min
ute
per
m2
of c
olle
ctor
– n
o le
ss t
han
0.2m
2 of
he
at e
xcha
nger
are
a m
ust
be
pro
vid
ed p
er 1
m2
of s
olar
col
lect
or n
et a
bso
rber
are
a•
Sys
tem
s w
ith fl
ow r
ates
less
than
0.5
litr
es p
er m
inut
e p
er m
2 of
col
lect
or –
no
less
than
0.1
m2
of h
eat e
xcha
nger
are
am
ust
be
pro
vid
ed p
er 1
m2
of s
olar
col
lect
or n
et a
bso
rber
are
a
Hea
t ex
chan
gers
sho
uld
be
size
d t
o en
sure
a
low
ret
urn
tem
per
atur
e to
the
sol
ar c
olle
ctor
Hea
t tr
ansf
er in
a s
olar
hea
t ex
chan
ger
is
com
plic
ated
by
the
varia
bili
ty o
f fl o
w r
ates
an
d fl
ow t
emp
erat
ures
as
com
par
ed t
o he
at
exch
ange
rs u
sed
for
auxi
liary
hea
t so
urce
s
e.
Sys
tem
co
ntro
lS
olar
dom
estic
hot
wat
er s
yste
m c
ontr
ols
shou
ld b
e fi t
ted
to:
i. m
axim
ise
the
usef
ul e
nerg
y ga
in fr
om t
he s
olar
col
lect
ors
into
the
sys
tem
’s d
edic
ated
sto
rage
;ii.
min
imis
e th
e ac
cid
enta
l los
s of
sto
red
ene
rgy
by
the
sola
r d
omes
tic h
ot w
ater
sys
tem
, whe
ther
orig
inat
ing
from
sol
ar
colle
ctor
s, c
old
inta
ke o
r au
xilia
ry h
eat
sour
ces;
iii.
ensu
re th
at h
ot w
ater
pro
duce
d by
aux
iliary
hea
t sou
rces
is n
ot u
sed
whe
n ad
equa
te g
rade
sol
ar p
re-h
eate
d w
ater
is a
vaila
ble;
iv.
pro
vid
e a
mea
ns o
f con
trol
con
sist
ent
with
the
sol
ar s
yste
m b
eing
inhe
rent
ly s
ecur
e ag
ains
t th
e ad
vers
e af
fect
s of
ex
cess
ive
prim
ary
tem
per
atur
es a
nd p
ress
ures
;v.
whe
re a
sep
arat
e d
omes
tic h
ot w
ater
hea
ting
app
lianc
e is
pre
-hea
ted
by
a so
lar
syst
em, t
hen
this
ap
plia
nce
shou
ld
be
cont
rolle
d, w
here
pos
sib
le, s
uch
that
no
extr
a he
at is
ad
ded
if th
e ta
rget
tem
per
atur
e is
alre
ady
satis
fi ed
from
the
pre
-hea
t ves
sel
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Tab
le 3
1 (c
on
tin
ue
d)
f.
So
lar
pre
-he
ated
wat
er
sto
rag
e
For
new
or
rep
lace
men
t so
lar
heat
ed w
ater
sto
rage
the
min
imum
pro
visi
ons
are
as fo
llow
s:a.
Ven
ted
cop
per
hot
wat
er s
tora
ge v
esse
ls s
houl
d c
omp
ly w
ith t
he h
eat
loss
and
aux
iliar
y he
atin
g he
at e
xcha
nger
re
qui
rem
ents
of B
S 1
566-
1:20
00b
. U
nven
ted
hot
wat
er s
tora
ge s
yste
ms
pro
duc
ts s
houl
d:
• co
mp
ly w
ith B
S 7
206;
or
• b
e ce
rtifi
ed b
y th
e B
ritis
h B
oard
of A
grém
ent,
the
Wat
er R
esea
rch
Cou
ncil;
or
• b
e ce
rtifi
ed b
y an
othe
r ac
cred
ited
bod
y as
com
ply
ing
with
Bui
ldin
g R
egul
atio
nsc.
Prim
ary
stor
age
syst
ems
shou
ld m
eet
the
insu
latio
n re
qui
rem
ents
of s
ectio
ns 4
.3.1
or
4.3.
2 of
the
Wat
er H
eate
r M
anuf
actu
rers
Ass
ocia
tion
per
form
ance
sp
ecifi
catio
ns fo
r th
erm
al s
tore
s.
Vent
ed c
opp
er h
ot w
ater
cyl
ind
ers
shou
ld
carr
y cl
ear
lab
ellin
g on
the
pro
duc
t su
ch a
s a
BS
I Kite
mar
k, re
gist
ered
fi rm
sta
tus
or re
fere
nce
to a
n eq
uiva
lent
qua
lity
cont
rol s
chem
e
Vent
ed c
ylin
der
s w
hich
are
not
of c
opp
er
cons
truc
tion
shou
ld b
e la
bel
led
as
com
ply
ing
with
the
hea
t lo
ss a
nd h
eat
exch
ange
r re
qui
rem
ents
of B
S 1
566
Due
to
the
high
er t
han
norm
al s
tora
ge
tem
per
atur
es in
prim
ary
stor
es it
is v
ery
imp
orta
nt t
hat
thes
e ar
e w
ell i
nsul
ated
g.
Sto
rag
e o
f so
lar
pre
-he
ated
wat
er
The
ratio
of s
olar
hea
ted
wat
er s
tora
ge v
olum
e to
col
lect
or a
rea
shou
ld b
e sp
ecifi
ed a
s fo
llow
s:i.
The
ded
icat
ed s
olar
sto
rage
vol
ume,
Vs,
sho
uld
be
at le
ast
25 li
tres
(or
equi
vale
nt h
eat
cap
acity
) per
net
m2
of t
he
sola
r co
llect
or a
bso
rber
are
aii.
Alte
rnat
ivel
y, V
s sh
ould
be
a vo
lum
e (o
r eq
uiva
lent
hea
t ca
pac
ity) w
hich
is e
qui
vale
nt t
o at
leas
t 80
% o
f the
dai
ly h
ot
wat
er d
eman
d, V
d, (
as d
efi n
ed b
y S
AP
200
5)
Col
lect
or a
rea
is m
easu
red
as e
ffect
ive
aper
ture
or n
et a
bso
rber
are
a, w
hich
ever
is s
mal
ler
If a
sola
r d
omes
tic h
ot w
ater
sys
tem
is t
o b
e us
ed in
con
junc
tion
with
an
auxi
liary
hea
ted
th
erm
al s
tore
, thi
s w
ill o
ften
op
erat
e at
a
high
er t
emp
erat
ure
than
dom
estic
hot
wat
er
only
sol
ar s
tore
s. T
he e
xpec
ted
hig
her
tem
per
atur
es o
f aux
iliar
y he
ated
dom
estic
ho
t w
ater
the
rmal
sto
res
and
lack
of
stra
tifi c
atio
n, p
artic
ular
ly w
ith c
omb
ined
th
erm
al s
tore
s w
ith o
pen
pum
ped
circ
uits
, w
ould
sug
gest
tha
t a
sep
arat
e p
re-h
eat
stor
age
vess
el s
houl
d b
e co
nsid
ered
whe
reve
r p
ossi
ble
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Table 32 Minimum provisions for labelling, commissioning and documentation for solar hot water systems
Minimum provision Supplementary information
1. Labelling of solar collectors and hot water stores
a. All solar collectors should have a visibleand durable label displaying all information required according to BS EN12975, and including at least the following:• name of manufacturer;• collector type;• serial number;• year of production;• gross area of collector;• aperture area of collector;• net absorber area of collector;• maximum operation pressure;• stagnation temperature at 1000W/m2
and 30ºC;• volume of heat transfer fl uid;• weight of empty solar collector;• labelling of solar heated water storage
vessels within solar domestic hotwater systems
b. All hot water storage vessels should carrya label with the following information:• manufacturer’s name;• nominal overall capacity in litres;• standing heat loss in kWh/day;• type of vessel;• auxiliary heating heat exchanger
performance in kW (where present)
In addition to the minimum provision for labelling of hot water storage vessels, labelling withthe following information is also recommended:• total net fl uid content of
secondary volume normally heated by each heat exchanger,where present (±1.0 litre);
• the type, fl uid content, maximum pressure and surface area of all heat exchangers)
2. Commissioning a. A signed and dated commissioning certifi cate should be completed to confi rm the equipment has been correctly installed and to record key safety and operational features
b. As a minimum, the commissioning certifi cate shall record the following details of the solar system• net or aperture area of solar collector;• minimum ambient temperature without
freeze damage to components;• location and method of controlling
overpressure;• location of the electrical isolating switch;• type of circulation fl uid;• circulation rate of collector circuit;• location of device for protection of
overheating solar heated water
• A signed commissioningcertifi cate, certifying that the equipment is safe, legal and fi t for use of its intended purpose, should be handed over to the dwelling owner and/or useras applicable
• A separate certifi cate is requiredto cover the installation and commissioning of the hot water storage vessels and/or applianceswithin a solar domestic hot water system
• A commissioning engineer should be a competent person who can personally testify by signature and date that the equipment is commissioned
3. Documentation No minimum requirement Information concerning the solar domestic hot water system should be provided to the dwelling owner and/or user as applicable. The documentation should include:• user’s manual;• warranty information;• a recommended maintenance
schedule;• commissioning certifi cate;• full contact details of
the installer
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Table 33 Minimum provision for insulation of pipes for solar hot water systemsMinimum provision Supplementary information
In new and replacement systems should, in the following cases be insulated in accordance withthe recommendations in this guide (in line with the maximum permissible heat loss indicated in the Supplementary Information column) and labelled accordingly:• All pipes of a solar primary system should be
insulated throughout the length of the circuit• All other pipes connected to hot water storage
vessels, including the vent pipe, should be insulated for at least 1m from their points of connection to the cylinder (or they should be insulated up to the point where they become concealed)
The insulation should be suitably rated for the maximumforeseeable pipe temperature applicable and where external also be resistant to vermin attack and climatic degradation
In a dwelling that already has a solar hot water system it is recommended that the insulation is upgraded in line with these minimum provisions where signifi cant work, such as change of solar storage, is carried out
Where insulation is labelled as complying with the Domestic Heating Compliance Guide it must not exceed the following heat loss values:
Pipe diameter (OD)mm
Maximum permissibleheat loss*(W/m)
8mm 7.06
10mm 7.23
12mm 7.35
15mm 7.89
22mm 9.12
28mm 10.07
35mm 11.08
42mm 12.19
54mm 14.12
*In assessing the thickness of insulation required to meet the provision, standardised conditions shouldbe used in all compliance calculations based in this instance on a horizontal pipe at 60ºC in still air at 15ºC
Further assistance in converting these heat loss limits to levels (thickness) of insulation for specifi c thermal conductivities is found in the “TIMSA HVAC Guidance for achieving compliance with Part L of the Building Regulations”
Insulation for pipework in unheated areasExtra provision may need to be made to protect water carrying pipework in unheated areas against freezing Further guidance is available in:• BS 5422:2001 Method for specifying thermal
insulating materials for pipes, tanks, vessels, ductwork and equipment operating within the temperature range of –40°C to +700°C
• BRE Report No 262 Thermal insulation: avoiding risks, 2002 edition
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Supplementary information on solar water heating
Energy Effi ciency Best Practice in Housing publication ‘Solar Water HeatingGuidance for Installers’
Glossary of standards relevant to solar hot water heating
BS 7431:1991 Method for assessing solar water heaters. Elastomeric materials for absorbers, connecting pipes and fi ttings
BS 6785:1986 Code of practice for solar heating systems for swimming pools
TS 12977-3:2001 Performance characterisation of stores for solar heating systems
TS 12977-2:2001 Thermal solar systems and components. Custom built systems. Test methods
TS 12977-1:2001 Thermal solar systems and components. Custom built systems. General requirements
BS EN ISO 9488:2000 Solar energy. Vocabulary
BS EN 12976-2:2001 Thermal solar systems and components. Factory made systems. Test methods
BS EN 12976-1:2001 Thermal solar systems and components. Factory made systems. General requirements
BS EN 12975-2:2001 Thermal solar systems and components. Solar collectors. Test methods
BS EN 12975-1:2000 Thermal solar systems and components. Solar collectors. General requirements
ISO 9553:1997 Solar energy – methods of testing preformed rubber seals and sealing compounds used in collectors
BS 3734-1:1997 Rubber – tolerances for products – Part 1: Dimensional tolerances
BS 903-0:2003 Physical testing of rubber – Part 0: General
BS 6920:2000 Suitability of non-metallic products for use in contact with water intended for human consumption with regard to their effect on the quality of water
ISO/TR 10217:1989 Solar energy – water heating systems – guide to material selection with regard to internal corrosion
BS 8000 Workmanship on building sites
BS 7206 Specifi cation for unvented hot water storage units and packages
BS 7671 Requirements for electrical installations
BS 1566 Copper indirect cylinders for domestic purposes
BS 4814 Specifi cations for expansion vessels using an internal diagraph for sealed hot water heating systems
BS 7074 Application, selection and installation of expansion vessels and ancillary equipment for sealed water systems
BS 5422 Methods of specifying thermal insulation materials on pipes, ductwork and equipment in the temperature range of –40ºC to 700ºC
BS 5449BS EN 12831BS EN 12828
Specifi cation of forced circulation hot water central heating systems for domestic premises
BS 6701 Telecommunications equipment and telecommunications cabling
BS 5970 Code of practice for thermal insulation of pipes and equipment
BS 6700 Specifi cation and design, installation, testing and maintenance of services supplying water for domestic uses within buildings and their curtilages
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Section 10 Individual domestic (micro) combined heatand power
This section provides some guidance on the specifi cation of micro-combined heat and power (CHP) systems for dwellings.
At the time of writing, the guidance for micro-CHP is still under development and is expected to include:
• a Good Practice Guide specifying the minimum standards for installation and control of micro-CHP;
• publicly available specifi cation – PAS 67 Laboratory test to determine heating and electricalperformance of heat-led micro-cogeneration packages primarily intended for heating dwellings;
• method to evaluate the energy performance of micro-cogeneration heat-led systems in dwellings;• Appendix N of the UK Government’s Standard Assessment Procedure (SAP 2005) for the
energy rating of dwellings.
Until this guidance is available the following publication may be useful: Low or Zero Carbon Energy Sources – Strategic Guide, NBS 2006.
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Appendix A Assessing the case for a non-condensing boiler1. This Appendix sets out the approved assessmentprocedure for determining, for the purposesof the requirement in Part L of the Building Regulations, where practical considerations mean that it would be reasonable to install a non-condensing boiler. The assessment is applicable where boilers are to be installed in dwellings whose designs were approved before 1 April 2005.
2. The chart summarises the steps in the assessment procedure. In determining the position within a dwelling where a condensing boiler could be installed at lowest cost, obstacles such as furniture or fittings should be ignored. If the assessment shows that this cost is too high then, in accordance with section 2 or 3 (as appropriate of the Domestic Heating Compliance Guide, it would be reasonable to install a noncondensing boiler.
3. Paragraphs 8 to 10 in the ADL1B give guidance on how to deal with historic buildings.
The assessment procedure
4. The assessment should be carried out followingthe detailed guidance given in the Guide to the condensing boiler installation assessment procedure for dwellings6 (the Guide). It should consider all feasible condensing boiler installationoptions (subject to the restrictions given later) for whichever fuel has been chosen by the householder (natural gas, LPG or oil). For the purposes of the assessment, boiler positions preferred by the householder are not relevant. The lowest cost position should be found, and recorded on the form.
5. An assessment score exceeding 1000 points indicates that exceptional circumstances exist. In these circumstances, the installation of a condensing boiler is not considered necessary to meet the requirements of the Building Regulations. (Householders may still chooseto install a condensing boiler and they may be eligible for a grant7 that defrays some of the additional costs.)
6. The assessment result is restricted to the chosen fuel for the new boiler, and is not valid for a different fuel.
7. Whether a condensing or non-condensing boiler is chosen, it need not be installed in the position shown on the assessment form.
6 Guide to the condensing boiler installation assessment procedure for dwelling, ODPM, 2005.7 See Note 3 in the ‘Notice to Householders’ on the calculation and declaration form.
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Completion of the assessment form
1 First, complete section 1 of the form.
2 If a defective boiler is being replaced within 3 years of the date of original installation under the original manufacturer’s or installer’s guarantee, tick box X and sign the declaration in section 14 of the form, omitting sections 2 to 13. Otherwise, continue below.
3 Complete sections 2 and 3 of the form.
4 Decide what fuel is to be used for the new boiler (gas, LPG or oil), and complete section 4of the form.
5 If an oil-fired boiler is to be installed before 1 April 2007, then proceed to section 14of the form, omitting sections 5 to 13. Otherwise, continue below.
6 Complete sections 5 and 6 of the form.
7 Consider ALL feasible condensing boiler positions and extended flue options, takingno account of householder’s preferences. In some positions special condensate disposal arrangements may be necessary. Some installation options are NOT regarded as feasible for the purpose of this assessment procedure, and should NOT be considered. They are listedin Tables A1 and A2. (They do not necessarily contravene standards or regulations, and in some cases they may be acceptable to the householder but they are not acceptable for the purposes of the assessment. Further advice on the bases of Tables A1 and A2 is given inthe Guide.)
8 If there are no feasible condensing boiler installation options, proceed to section 14, omitting sections 7 to 13. Such cases are unusual and a clear explanation should be inserted in section 14 following the advice in the guide. Otherwise, continue below.
9 Complete section 9, inserting points from Table A3. Where a change of boiler fuel is proposed, the assessment should reflect this decision.
10 Complete sections 7, 8 and 10 to 13 for the installation option that gives the lowest assessment score in section 13. Evidence may be required that all feasible options have been considered and that this is the lowest scoring option, so forms used to assess other options should be attached when the final, signed, form is made available.
11 Complete and sign the declaration in section 14, ticking one box only. Supply the completed form to the householder for use when the house is sold and retain a copy for building control compliance purposes.
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Table A1 Flue and terminal installation options that are NOT to be consideredFlue and terminal positions that do not comply with Approved Document J of the Building Regulations.
A shared flue, unless specially designed to be shared by condensing boilers.
A flue passing through a wall or floor that must not be pierced for structural reasons.
An internal flue extension exceeding 4m (ignoring the part that passes through a loft/attic space).
A flue that passes through another dwelling, or another building in different ownership, or another fire compartment.
A vertical flue pipe visible on the outside of the building facing the main approach direction (usually the front). This refers only to the flue pipe, not the flue terminal (a terminal may be positioned on any side of the building).
Wall terminals that discharge under the roof of a car port.
Wall terminals with horizontal discharge less than 2.5m from any wall, fence, building or property boundaryfacing the terminal.
Wall terminals with horizontal discharge less than 2.5m from a car parking space and less than 2.1m abovethe ground.
Wall terminals less than 2.1m above the ground with horizontal discharge of the flue products across a public footway, route or a patio (hard surface area).
Table A2 Boiler positions NOT to be considered1 Gas boiler: Where the boiler or extended internal flue is in a:
• lounge• lounge/dining room• principal living room that does not include a kitchen area.
2 LPG boilers: Where the boiler or extended internal flue is in a:
• lounge• lounge/dining room• principal living room that does not include a kitchen area• cellar or basement.
3 Oil boilers: The only positions that ARE to be considered are:
• a kitchen, or• a kitchen/dining room, or• a utility room• purpose-made boiler room.
And only where they are on the ground floor or in a basement.
All other positions are NOT to be considered.
Table A3 Points for property type and fuelBuilding type Natural gas LPG Oil
Flat 710 660 830
Mid-terrace 640 580 790
Others (end-terrace,semi-detached or detached) 590 520 760
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