domestication of plants

DOMESTICATION OF PLANTSAlejandro, Mariana A., Mariana G., Fany, Olaf

CORN

TEOSINTE eosinte is the common name for a group of

four annual and perennial species of the genus Zea native to Mexico and Central America

WHEN WAS MAIZE DOMESTICATED? The best estimate is that maize was

domesticated between 6,000 and 10,000 years ago. First, the oldest archaeological maize specimen to be "directly dated" has an age of 6,000 years ago . Direct dating involves getting a carbon-14 date for the actual maize specimen.

HOW WERE THEY DOMESTICATED? The seeds of wild teosinte are encased in

hard shells and arranged on a spike with five to seven rows, a spike that shatters when when the grain is ripe to disperse its seed. Modern maize has hundreds of exposed kernels attached to a cob which is completely covered by husks and so cannot reproduce on its own

WHERE WAS CORN DOMESTICATED? We can have a relatively high degree of

confidence that maize was domesticated in southern Mexico. The evidence for this statement comes from archaeological and genetic data. 

TYPES OF CORN. dent corn, flint corn, pod corn, popcorn, flour

corn, and sweet corn

WE ARE NOT THE ONLY ONES THAT LIKE CORN

POTATO

RICE

HISTORY 8,200–13,500 years ago the domestication of

rice occurred in the Pearl River valley region of China based on the genetic evidence. From East Asia, rice was spread to South and Southeast Asia. Their 15,000-year-old age challenges the accepted view that rice cultivation originated in China about12,000 years ago.

SPREAD OF RICE

BEANS

Top ten dry bean producers—2013

Country Production (tonnes) Footnote

Myanmar 3,800,000 F

India 3,630,000

Brazil 2,936,444 A

People's Republic of China 1,400,000 *

Mexico 1,294,634

Tanzania 1,150,000 F

United States 1,110,668

Kenya 529,265 F

Uganda 461,000 *

Rwanda 438,236

World 23,139,004 A

HISTORY 7000 B.C Native people of Mexico and Peru were

cultivating bean crops.

6750 B.C The use of lentils has in parts of the present

day Middle East. Chickpeas, lentils and Fava Beans have been found in Egyptian tombs that date back at least 4000 years. About the same time, (around 1500 BC) parts of present day Asia were growing and using soybeans.

In a completely different part of the world, Native Americans and Mexicans were working with the haricot bean, a diverse category that includes runner beans, kidney beans and lima beans, and it's adaptability helped it to become a stable crop. It is apparent that beans were an integral part of the development of many cultures throughout the world.

WHEAT

WHEAT THROUGT THE AGES 10,000 B.C Wheat grain has been used for thousands of

years to provide food for humans.

6,700 B.C In the stone age, man ground grains of wheat

with rocks to make flour. Man understood that he could grow food as well as hunt food.

5,500 B.C The ability to sow and reap cereals may be

one of the chief causes which led man to dwell in communities, rather than to live a wandering life hunting and herding cattle.

3,000 B.C The Egyptians were the first to produce risen

loaves using yeast, probably by accident when beer was used to mix dough instead of water. The Egyptians used the first bread oven.

200 B.C The Romans started to use animal power to

grind wheat. The Romans used sieves to produce finer flour. Baking ovens were improved. Two kinds of oven were developed; the Beehive and the Pot oven.

1180 - 1190 A.D.

Windmills were introduced to Syria, France and England.

1700 - 1800 The Industrial Revolution (considered by

many to have occurred between 1760 and 1830) was a time of upheaval as the population grew and people moved from villages to towns and cities. As farming improved, so did the grain. The amount of grain harvested also increased.

Now a days. Crop breeding advances have increased the

quality and yield of wheat and production has become more efficient thanks to improvements in management and mechanisation.

Modern bakeries are hi-tech and hygienic and yet can still satisfy our demands for traditional-style loaves