dr chris bearman. investment in technology new technologies often provide – elegant new solutions...
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Dr Chris Bearman
Dr Chris Bearman
Investment in Technology• New technologies often provide – elegant new solutions to problems– provide new capabilities for the operator
Dr Chris Bearman
The Benefits of Technology
– increasing precision in task performance
– reducing operator workload
– reducing costs for the organization
– reducing operator errors
New technology is assumed to be beneficial in
Dr Chris Bearman
Technology-Related Issues
• Human Technology Interaction
• Distraction• Failure to Respond to
an Alarm• Resistance to
Technology
Dr Chris Bearman
Cajon Junction, CA (1996)
Dr Chris Bearman
Silver Springs, MA (1996)
Dr Chris Bearman
Chatsworth, CA (2008)
Dr Chris Bearman
Multiple Warning Alarms
• Multiple audio and visual alarms may not be easily distinguishable from one another (McLeod et al., 2005).
• McLeod, Walker & Mills (2005) concludes that Extended AWS has increased the risk of driver unreliability rather than reduce it.
Dr Chris Bearman (Univeristy of South Australia)
"No-one ever thought that the driver would ignore the warning. It was utterly taken for granted that a driver would always take notice of the signal.”
(Vaughan, 2000, p.12).
Dr Chris Bearman
Automatic Cancellation of Warnings
• 56% of drivers “automatically” cancelled an AWS warning
• Drivers response is highly learnt and/or anticipatory in nature. (McLeod et al., 2005)
Dr Chris Bearman
Putney Station, U.K. (2007)
Dr Chris Bearman
Resistance to Technology
Dr Chris Bearman
Dr Chris Bearman
Topics• Key Technology-Related Issues• Resistance to Technology• Using Mock-Ups• Qualitative Research• Future Inquiry Workshops• Task Analysis• Train Simulators• Situation Awareness
Dr Chris Bearman
Multiple Warning Alarms
• Multiple audio and visual alarms may not be easily distinguishable from one another (McLeod et al., 2005).
• McLeod, Walker & Mills (2005) concludes that Extended AWS has increased the risk of driver unreliability rather than reduce it.
Dr Chris Bearman (Univeristy of South Australia)
Technology provides great opportunities…
…But it also can introduce vulnerabilities into the safety system
…and it may not always be accepted by the operators.
Dr Chris Bearman
The Keys to Maximising Investment in New
Technology• Understand how people will use the
technology• Assess how the job will change with new
technology• Design the technology around the person• Get early user input • Anticipate resistance and plan how to
deal with it
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