dr. prapit wongtiem. rayong field crops research center

Welcome to

Rayong Field Crops Research Center

Dr. Prapit WongtiemBreeding & Biotechnologist

RYFCRC/FCRI/DOA

Situation and Utilization of Cassava

(RYFCRC)

Cassava Released Varieties

In Thailand

Mission- Research and Development- Technology transfer- Services

Out line

Utilization of cassava

Attractions in Rayong

Situation of Thailand

Situation of World

Situation of cassava in the World

The importance of cassava• Cassava is an important food crop in the world no. 5

• Cassava is an important food crop in tropical countries Specific countries; Africa and South America

• In Asia, Indonesia and India are consuming a lot of cassava

Food Animal feed Other benefits

Production (percent) 60 27.5 12.5

Vietnam3%

Indonesia6%

Thailand6%

Congo11%Angora

Other30%

Nigeria19%

Brazil9%

India1%

Mozambique5%

Ghana5%

Harvested area in each country (2011)

1. Nigeria: 52.40 Million tons

2. Brazil: 25.44 Million tons3. Indonesia : 24.01 Million tons

4. Thai: 21.91 Million tons

2011, Thailand is no.4 of the world: Production of cassava 21.91 million tons

Marketing of cassava in 2011

2011, Demand increased from a year ago due to Producing countries in Asia have promotion policy

about the cassava production for renewal energy

Sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America have promotion policy use cassava starch instead cereal starch imports

Exports of cassava, 2011

Major exporting country is Thailand ; have 79.56% of all market

Subordinate viz Vietnam and Indonesia have share of the market about 9.73% and 2.42% respectively

Cassava export country

Quantity: tons

Situation of cassava

Cassava export country

Value (thousands of U.S. dollars)

1,800,000

1,600,000

1,400,000

1,200,000

1,000,000

800,000

600,000

400,000

200,000

Situation of Thailand

Situation of cassava in Thailand

Thailand is a important producer of cassava in the world. Cassava of Thailand used to the export

Situation Marketing year 2013Consumption and the demand for cassava.

Year 2013 demand for domestic increase from a year ago because cassava can be used in a variety of industries including the production of ethanol. Expected to use cassava. As raw material in

the production increase as well

Year 2013, exporting increase from a year ago, because cassava yield increased and the demands of the market in the form of cassava chips and cassava starch increased continuously

The Exports

Situation Marketing year 2013

Factors affecting the export of cassava chips in Thailand

Due to cassava chips exports of Thailand. Have been found to have a lot of dust

So, Thailand should find solutions and prevention

Source: Office of Agricultural Economics

In 2014, expected harvested area is decreased from a year ago, because the farmers turn to grown maize and sugarcane instead but the production increased from a

year ago about 1.69%

particular 2011 2012 2013 2014*

Harvested area (million rai)

Production (million tons)

Yield (tons)

*estimates

Year 2014. Expect exporting increase from a year ago about 8%, because, Chinese market has a high demand for cassava starch

The Exports

Situation of cassava in ThailandOpportunities and Impacts of AEC

towards Cassava in Thailand

The risks of competition in ASEAN market towards Thai cassava

• Cassava yield per rai in Thailand is lower than Cambodia’s and Indonesia’s• Cost and profits of Thai cassava farmers• High fluctuation of the cassava root prices

Source: TTTA

Opportunities of Thai cassava in ASEAN market• Areas and the production of cassava• The exports and the productions of cassava

Rayong is here

Samet Islands

Far from here about 40 km. and By boat for 40 minute

Rayong Aquarium

Far from here about 34 km. (near Ban-Phe Market)

Mae-Pim BeachFar from here about 53.6 km.

Ban Phe MarketFar from here about 40 km.

Rayong Field Crops Research Center (RYFCRC)

RYFCRC is here

DOA and FCRI

Rayong Field Crops Research Center (RYFCRC)

• area 600 rai

• In Rayong Province, eastern of Thailand

• Research on cassava

• Under control of Field Crops Research Institute, Department of Agriculture

Research and Development

Tissue CultureGerm plasm

Characterization

Tissue Culture

Somatic embryogenesis

Tissue Culture

Breeding & Agronomy

F1 seeds

F1 seedling Fertilization.

Breeding & Agronomy

Evaluate F1 yield trait

Selection F1 cassava: Good shape and high yield

Seedling field

Soil conserve & improve

green manure

Soil erosion

Plant protection

Pests and Diseases

• Pests and diseases begin to cause severe problems espectialy

• mealy bug (Phenacoccus manihoti )

• cassava bacterial blight (Xanthomonas axonopodis pv.

manihotis)

They can cause total loss of young cassava plants.

Plant protectionDiseases

Cassava anthracnose disease(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides f.sp. manihotis)

Cassava bacterial blight(Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis)

Brown leaf spot (Cercospora henningsii)

Root rots (Phytophthora drechsleri, Pythi

um spp., Sclerotium sp.)

Plant protection

These diseases can be controlled in various ways

• Planting resistant or tolerant varieties• Selecting healthy and diseases free planting materials• Removing and burning any infected plants if present

Plant protection

Insect pests of cassava in Thailand

Plant protection

mouth part

body part- size 100-400 micron - body part

- body separate 2 part - 4 pair of legs

- mouth part - sucking type mouth part

Life cycle of spider miteegg

Lavar Nymph 1

Nymph 2

Adult maleAdult female

Plant protection

Life cycle of whitefly

Plant protection

Striped Striped Mealy Mealy bugbug

Jack Jack Beardsley Beardsley Mealy bugMealy bug

Madeira Madeira Mealy Mealy bugbug

Pink Pink Mealy Mealy bugbug

Plant protectionbunchy topbunchy top die backdie back

stem is densestem is dense

SympSymptom tom of of

damadamagesges

low Yieldlow Yield

Plant protection

The common insect pests are- red mite (Oligonychus biharensis)- red spider mite (Tetranychus truncates, Ehara)- striped mealybug (Firrisia virgata, Cockerell)- whitefly (Dialeurodes spp.) - black scale (Saissetia miranda)

Most of them infest plants during the dry season or during periods of prolonged drought and cause severe damage to the young plants of susceptible v

arieties

Parasite Predators

Anagyrus sp.

Natural enemies

MaleMale

Anagyrus Anagyrus lopezilopezi

FemaleFemaleNatural enemies

Postharvest

Technology transfer

Services

- Soil analysis

- Plant analysis

- Distribution of predators for insects control

Cassava Released VarietiesIn Thailand

14 Released Varieties

Rayong 1 Year Released 1975

Avg. fresh roots yield from 161 trails22 t/ha

Avg. fresh roots yield (Farmers’ field) 13.6 t/ha

Starch content 18-24 %

Sweet type for human consumption

Moderately high yield 19 t/ha

Low starch content 14 %

Avg. fresh roots yield from 120 trials 19.9 t/ha

Avg. fresh roots yield (Farmers’ field)

11.8 t/ha Starch content 23-28 %

Avg. fresh roots yield from 120 trials 26.5 t/ha

Avg. fresh rots yield (Farmers’ field) 14.7 t/ha

Avg. fresh roots yield from 161 trials 24.8 t/ha Avg. fresh roots yield (Farmers’ field) 14.7 t/ha

Avg. fresh roots yield from 161 trails 25.6 t/ha Avg. fresh roots yield (Farmers’ field) 18.1 t/ha

Rayong 72 Year released 2000

Avg. fresh roots yield from 108 trails 31.6 t/ha Avg. fresh roots yield (Farmers’ field) 25.0 t/ha

Good for late rainy season

Avg. fresh roots yield 39.0 t/ha

High ethanol yield 180 l/ton of fresh root

Rayong 11Year released 2010

High starch content

Kasetsart 50 Year released 1992

High starch content

Hauy Bong 60 Year released 2003

High starch content

Avg. fresh roots yield 30 t/ha

Hauy Bong 80 Year released 2010

High starch content

Starch content 27.3%

Rayong 86-13 Year released 2013

High starch content

Starch content 26.3 %

Hanatee

Low starch content

The variety for eat

Should not harvestage 10 exceed month

Utilization of cassava

Industrial application of cassava product

• The direct consumption•Cassava chip industry•Cassava pellet industry•Cassava starch industry

Utilization of Cassava

• Used as a direct human food

• Used as fodder

The direct consumption

• Fresh roots- Used as food in the household such as steamed, grilled or processed into flour and used to make various types of foods as well as leading to slice a thin sheet (Chip) and fry

• Leaves- Used as human food eaten as a vegetable, by boiling the beef chili (steamed), cooked as a soup

Used as a direct human food

Human foods

• Fresh roots - Used as fodder both the fresh root, residue of the flour and the bark of roots

• Leaves- Used in fresh leaves by drying and ground into a powder and then mixed with animal feed

• Stems- Used as fodder by cutting the stem portion and mixed with fresh leaves used to feed ruminants and dried roughage

Used as fodder

Fodder

• By cutting the fresh roots into small pieces and then drying

• Use as raw materials in animal food industry or cassava pellet

industry • Ethanol industry• Alcohol industry

Cassava chip

Cassava chip and cassava pellet industry

Cassava chip and cassava pellet used as fodder

Ethanol products

Alcohol products

• Textile industry• Plywood industry• Paper industry• Industrial adhesives• Food and Drink• Materials decompose naturally• Sweeteners industry• Citric acid industry• MSG industry• Medicines

Divided into:

Cassava starch industry

•Used as a lubricant between the movement of the yarn looms outside the procedures of this fabric• Flour to help make printed regularly

Textile industry

• The flour used as an ingredient in making plywood glued, it have property to make a thick, strong and durable• Starch mixed make glue is cheap

Plywood industry

• The paper making requires a surface with the glue of flour to make smooth paper and also into the pores of the fiber paper to makes the paper does not absorb ink when writing with ink or printing• Moreover, the glue of flour to make sticky

paper even more

Paper industry

• Because the flour when heated or chemicals are sticky and stable, so used in industrial adhesives

Industrial adhesives

Glue products from cassava

• Because, the cassava flour have a high carbohydrates, when use to make the foods it to help the thicker, stabilizer, binder and filler

Food and Drink

• Plastic made from cassava flour when filled with biodegradable natural polymer. It can be used to make

materials to replace plastics

Materials decompose naturally

• Cassava starch were used to make - glucose - fructose- lactose - salbital - and instead of sucrose in canned fruit, jams and more

Sweeteners industry

Sweeteners products from cassava flour

• Cassava starch were produced to citric acid, which a raw material used in the beverage industry,

including sparkling water, fruit juices, energy drink and used in the pharmaceutical industry

Citric acid industry

• Cassava starch is an important raw material in the production of MSG. Which is commonly consumed

Monosodium glutamate

MSG industry

• Cassava starch were used as a diluent in drug capsules and tablets

Medicines

Thank you all for listening and attention

wongtiem_prapit@yahoo.

comhttps://

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Of Rayong Field Crops Research Center

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dr. prapit wongtiem. rayong field crops research center

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