dragon eye new - virginia techmason/mason_f/dragoneye.pdf · tornado 0.07 -0.1969 -0.301 software c...
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AOE 4124 Configuration
Aerodynamics
Outline
• Purpose/Mission
• Air Vehicle Configuration
• Airfoil Data
• Planform Data
• Aerodynamic Characteristics
• Assessment
AOE 4124 Configuration
Aerodynamics
Purpose / Mission:
• Real-Time Imagery Data
• Single Company / Platoon Deployment
• Complete light-weight ready-to-use as delivered system
• Point reconnaissance.
• Area reconnaissance (less than point).
• Confirmation of other intelligence sources.
• Investigation of the situation in a city before entry.
• Reconnaissance of bridges and routes with patrols, andfrom towns.
• Identification of forces that were firing on them.
• Battle damage assessment.
• During a convoy movement.
AOE 4124 Configuration
Aerodynamics
Dragon Eye:
Naval Research Laboratory: Washington, D.C.
http://www.mcwl.quantico.usmc.mil/events/index.asp
AOE 4124 Configuration
Aerodynamics
Air Vehicle:
• Airframe– Comprised of Kevlar based
composite systems.
– Comprised of 5 pieces that can beassembled in under 5 minutes.
• Propulsion– Two small electric motors (props)
• Autonomous flight capability
• Payloads– Day time color, low-light level, and
infrared cameras
http://www.livingroom.org.au/uavblog/archives/dragon_eye_uav.php
AOE 4124 Configuration
Aerodynamics
Specifications:
• Wingspan – 45 in
• Chord – 12 in
• Operational Weight – 5 lbs
• Operational Radius – 3.1 mile
• Combat Radius – 6.2 miles
• Altitude – 300 to 500 ft
• Operational Speed – 35 kts
AOE 4124 Configuration
Aerodynamics
Planform Characteristics:
• Rectangular Wing
• No Twist
• Simplicity is the
Key!
http://www.turbosquid.com/HTMLClient/FullPreview/FullPreview.cfm/ID/199104/Action/FullPreview
AOE 4124 Configuration
Aerodynamics
Aerodynamic Parameters:
• CLcruise 2D = 0.31
• CLcruise 3D = 0.2804
• CLmax 2D = 1.2719
• CLmax 3D = 1.1447
• Mcruise = 0.05
• Span e = 0.98 (from LIDrag)
AOE 4124 Configuration
Aerodynamics
Planform Analysis
http://www.turbosquid.com/FullPreview/Index.cfm/I
D/199104/Action/FullPreview
http://www.turbosquid.com/FullPreview/Index.cfm/I
D/199104/Action/FullPreview
AOE 4124 Configuration
Aerodynamics
Tornado Analysis Model
Deflected control surfaces that
trim the aircraft.
AOE 4124 Configuration
Aerodynamics
Longitudinal Stability
-0.0111-1.03590.00398VLMpc
-0.301-0.19690.07Tornado
Cm/Cm/ CLCmoSoftware
The reason for the discrepancy in the results obtained from
Tornado and VLM4998 result from the fact that the model of
Dragon Eye created in tornado was able to estimate the reflex of
the airfoil sections by deflection of the trailing-edge flaps. In order
to obtain more accurate results the reflex that the Dragon Eye UAV
has must be correctly modeled.
Tornado showed that the control surfaces must be deflected to -25
degrees in order to obtain the required CLcruise of 0.3115 at trim.
This deflection also serves as a rough estimate of the reflex and
the required control surface deflection for trim.
AOE 4124 Configuration
Aerodynamics
Lift Coefficient vs. Moment
Coefficient
Trim Crossplot
-0.3
-0.2
-0.1
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
-1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5
Coefficient of Lift, CL
Pit
ch
ing
Mo
me
nt
Co
eff
icie
nt,
Cm
cg
de = -14
de = -12
de = -10
de = -20
de = -30
de = -25
Trim Points
AOE 4124 Configuration
Aerodynamics
Lateral-Directional Stability
Lateral - Directional Stability Analysis
-0.07
-0.06
-0.05
-0.04
-0.03
-0.02
-0.01
0
0.01
0.02
0.03
0 5 10 15 20 25
Beta (deg)
La
tera
l S
tab
ilit
y C
oe
ffic
ien
ts
Rolling Moment
Yawing Moment
Side Force
AOE 4124 Configuration
Aerodynamics
Drag Analysis:
DFormDFDOCCC +=
0.01233CDo
0.00228CDForm
0.01005CDF
Re
2
A
CCC
L
DoD+=
2
*086614935.001233.0LDCC +=
The drag analysis was completed with the
use of Tornado, FRICTION and Lifting Line
Theory.
AOE 4124 Configuration
Aerodynamics
Drag Polar Comparison
Dragon Eye Drag Polar Comparisons
-0.4
-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14 0.16 0.18 0.2
Coefficient of Drag, CD
Co
eff
icie
nt
of
Lif
t, C
L
Tornado
Tornado (Corrected)
FRICTION
LLT (Induced Drag)
AOE 4124 Configuration
Aerodynamics
Assessment
• “The true value of it is that it’s right there inthe hand of the guy who needs the info andneeds the intel,” said Col. Jim Howcroft,who served as the intelligence officer forthe 1st Marine Division in Iraq. “It wasliterally in his hip pocket … and gives himinfo on what he wants to find and gets itback, no kidding, as it’s flying.”
• “It’s somewhat fragile … and its range isn’thuge”
By Sandra Jontz, Stars and StripesEuropean edition, Friday, January 23, 2004
• Increased range and endurance would beconsidered desirable—provided there is noincrease to weight of air vehicle
Department of the Navy (OIF feedback)
Department of the
Navy
AOE 4124 Configuration
Aerodynamics
References
• Carruthers, Steven. Naval Research Laboratory.
• Bryant, John. Naval Research Laboratory.
• http://www.composites.sparta.com/uav.htm
• http://www.mcwl.quantico.usmc.mil/events/index.asp (mission)
• http://www.mcwl.quantico.usmc.mil/divisions/expplans/dragon_eye_employment.pdf
• http://www.turbosquid.com/FullPreview/Index.cfm/ID/199104/Action/FullPreview
• “Stars and Stripes” European edition, Friday, January 23, 2004
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