drugs in sport
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DRUGS IN SPORT
BY:
PM. Dr. Anuar Suun
Dean Faculty of Sport Science & Recreation
UiTM Shah Alam
CONTENTS
1. What are drugs
2. Ethical Dilemma
3. Intern. Olympic Committee (IOC)
• Medical Commision
4. Definition of Doping
5. IOC Medical Commission List
I. Doping Classes
A. Stimulants
B. Narcotic Analgesic
C. Anabolic Agents
D. Diuretics
E. Peptide & Glycoprotein
Hormones & Analogues
II. Doping Methods
A. Blood Doping
B. Pharmacological
Chemical
Hormone
Physical Manipulation
III. Classes of Drugs
(Certain Restriction)
A. Alcohol
B. Marijuana
C. Local Anesthetics
D. Corticosteroids
E. Beta-Blockers
6. Drug Test Procedures
7. Reminders / Precautions
8. Conclusion
What Are Drugs
I. Pharmacologically
– Substances affect our body
– Physiological function (body trip)
– Psychological function (head trip)
II. Any substances used in medicine
– To cure
– Too alleviate disease
– Prevent
Note:
• Many ordinary products; coffee, tea, cocoa,
soft drinks, chocolate, alcohol contain chemical
subst.
Ethical Dilemma:
– Unfair advantage
– Clearly cheating
– Athletes at health risk
Why athlete take drugs?
–Pressure to win
–Huge financial reward
–Desire to be the best (world)
–Competitive character
–Psychological believe
Intern. Olympic Committee(Medical Commission)
I. Dop – a stimulant drink used in tribal
ceremonies in South Africa (18th
Century)
II. Dop – narcotic poison for racehorse ( English
Dictionary, 1889)
III. Dop – Maintenance of performance and
manipulation of the testing procedures
by the use of doping classes or method
I. Doping Classes
A. Stimulants
• Increase alertness
• Reduce Fatigue
• Increase competitiveness
• Increase hostility
• Loss of Judgement
i) Amphetamineii) Sympathomimetic amines.
ephedrine, pseudoephedrine.Phenyl propanolamine,
– Mental stimulation– Increase blood flow– Elevate BP.– Headache – Fast, irregular heart beat– Anxiety, Tremor
iii) Beta-2 agonist
(both stimulants & anabolic).
- Only salbutamol, formeterol and
salmeterol permitted
B. NarcoticsUsed to relieve pain
• Leads to respiratory depression• Physical & Psychological dependence
Example: Heroin (diamorphine) Morphine
Methadone Pethidine Pentazodine
Note
In some cough mixture:
CODEINE
Dextromethorphan are permitted
Diphenoxylat
Dihydrocodeine
C. Anabolic Agents
(i) Anababolic androgenic steroids (AAS)
• Testosterone & related, Nondrolone
• Increase muscle bulk & strength, stanozol
• Promote aggressiveness
• Affect : liver, skin, heart, kidney
• Can induce psychiatric problem
Male: testis size sperm count
Female: masculinization loss of breast tissue
diminished menser
Teenagers: stunt growth
(ii) Beta – 2 Agonist.
Powerful anabolic (muscle – building)• Salbutamatamol
• Terbutaline
D. DiureticsEliminates excess body Fluid & treatment of BPMisused by athletes.
• Quickly – reduce body weight• Diluting the Urine
Example : DiamoxLasixMannitolHydrochlorthiczib
E. Peptide & Glycoprotein
i. Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin – HCG increase androgenic steroids
ii. Corticotrophin (ACTH)iii. Growth Hormone: (Somatotrophic)
– Hypertension– Diabetes– Cardiomyopathy– Muscle Abnormalities– Acromegay
iv. Erythropoeitin (EPO)– Produce in kidney
II. Doping Methods
A. Blood Doping
Admin of blood, RBC & related.– Autologous transfusion
– Homologus transfusion
Risk – allergic reaction, fever, jaundice,transmission of infection circulation overload shock.
B. Pharmacological, Chemical and Physical
Manipulation
Used of substances and methods to change the integrity and validity of the Urine.
Example: Cathetherisation.
Urine substitution/ tampering– Inhibition of Urine
production Admin of Epitestosterone
III. Classes of Drugs (Subject to Certain Restriction)
A. Alcohol
B. Marijuana• Test for cannabonoids (Marijuana, Hashish)
C. Local Anaesthetics• Injection permitted:-
A. Bupivacaine, lignocaineprecsine (not cocaine)
B. Only local or intra – articular
C. Medically justified
D. Corticosteroids• Strong anti – inflammatory• Is banned except:
a. Topical used – ear, skin, eye. (but not rectal)
b. Inhalationc. Injection or Intraorticular
F. Beta – Blockers• Atenolol, Metoprolol, Proprandol
Permitted Drug in Sport
Asthma : Bricanyl, Ventolin (Inhaled)
Allergies/ cold: Clarityne, Hismanal,
Phenergan Polcramine
Pain : Aspirin, Feldene, Panadol,
Ponstan, Waprosyn, Orudis,
Synflex, Ubitaren, Cataflam
Muscle Relaxant : Beserol, Myonal,
Norgesic
Vomiting : Avormine, Maxolon
Cough/ Cold : Bisolvon, Benadryl,
Menthol inhalation
Drug Test Procedures
1. After an event, you will be notified
2. A chaperone will accompany – to drug control waiting room
3. Choose a sample collection fit
4. Need 80ml. Urine
5. Choose a pair of security transit container
6. Check & open the kits
7. Pour sample into A & B bottle
8. Close & reseal the kit
9. Drug control Officer will checks the Ph & specific gravity
10.Tag numbers on Drug Testing form
11.Declaration any medication
12.Check and sign the form
4 Important Principles
1. Be honest with athletes• Advantages
• Side effect of drugs
2. Health Education
3. Random, internationally verified, out – of –competition drug testing
4. Society’s attitude
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