dslr components · 2018. 9. 8. · - large aperture (small f-number) - slow shutter speed g more...

Diaphragm

Aperture

Sensor

Shutter

DSLR components:

DSLR vs.mirrorless:

Near focus Far focus

Wide-angle “short” lens (~15 mm) Telephoto “long” lens (~500 mm)

Lens focal length:

Why exposure matters:

Orig. subject:

Under

Correct

Too light

Over

Photo:

Dynamic range: the range of light intensities the sensor can record in a single shot, from deep shadows to bright highlights. Typically about 1000-fold.

If the dynamic range of a scene exceeds that of the sensor, information will be lost.

Exposure latitude: Forgiveness for over/under-exposure.

Amadiya, Iraq (Mark Edward Harris, NY Times)

= sensitivity

(B)1”1/21/41/81/151/301/601/1251/2501/5001/1000

Fast(less exposure)

Slow(more exposure)

ISO

Aperture Shutter Speed

1/1000” f/2 1/15” f/16

Fast shutter freezes motion: Slow shutter causes motion blur:

Naoya Hatakeyama, Blast 0320, 1995

Ralph Eugene Meatyard, Child as a Bird, ca. 1960

Handheld camera + slow shutter speed (>1/60) = camera shake.

Shomei Tomatsu. Untitled (Kadena, Okinawa), 1969

f/1.4 - “wide open” f/16- “stopped down”

ISO

Aperture Shutter Speed

22161185.642.821.4f/:

Wide(more exposure)

Narrow(less exposure)

ISO

Aperture Shutter Speed

f/11 1” f/2 1/30”

Aperture influences depth of field:

Walker Evans, Bethlehem (PA) Graveyard and Steel Mill, 1935

Robert Frank, Movie Premiere - Hollywood, 1955-56

Reciprocity:

- Large aperture (small f-number)

- Slow shutter speedg More exposure

22161185.642.821.4f/:

* Example: If your original

shutter speed was 1/60 sec,

what new shutter speed

would you set to compensate

for this change in aperture?

Any change in aperture can be offset by a compensatory change in shutter speed to yield the same total exposure.

160

11000

1500

1125

130

115

18

14

1250

Reciprocity:

- Large aperture (small f-number)

- Slow shutter speedg More exposure

22161185.642.821.4f/:

* Example: If your original

shutter speed was 1/60 sec,

what new shutter speed

would you set to compensate

for this change in aperture?

Any change in aperture can be offset by a compensatory change in shutter speed to yield the same total exposure.

160

11000

1500

1125

130

115

18

14

1250

Answer:

EXP. TIME

APERTU

RE

Correct exposure

Less exposure

More exposure

Fast SlowSHUTTER SPEED

Reciprocity (graphic version):

(etc.)1600800400200100

Less sensitive(more exposure needed)

More sensitive(less exposure needed)

3200

ISO

Aperture Shutter Speed

ISO controls the light-sensitivity of the sensor:

EXP. TIME

APERTU

RE

Correct exposure

Less exposure

More exposure

Fast SlowSHUTTER SPEED

What happens to this graph when you increase ISO???:

ISO

Aperture Shutter Speed

Noise is evident at high ISO, especially in dark areas:

ISO 100 ISO 3200

Rule of thumb for ISO:

Set ISO to the lowest value that will allow you to set

aperture and shutter speed to achieve your desired

amounts of motion blur (or sharpness) and depth of field,

given the particular subject.

ISO

Aperture Shutter Speed

Basic camera settings:

In the shooting menu, set image quality to RAW or RAW+JPEG.

On the mode dial, set exposure mode to M (Manual).

On the lens and/or camera body, set focus mode to M (manual).

Set ISO to its lowest value (outdoors) or about 800 (indoors).

Choose a combination of aperture and shutter speed that givescorrect exposure according to your light meter.