dynamic interfaces for digital libraries: the open video project gary marchionini university of...
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Dynamic Interfaces for Digital Libraries: The Open Video
Project
Gary Marchionini
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
march@ils.unc.edu
NJ/ASIST Distinguished Lecture
April 4, 2002
Outline
• User Interfaces as crucial elements of DLs
• Overview of Open Video Project
• Agile Views interface framework
• Open Video examples of AVs
• User study example and near term plans
• Long term implications
• Summary
Observations
• Physical libraries architect space to aid information seeking
• Librarians interact with patrons in many ways:– Show a welcoming face– Clarify needs and queries– Assist with retrieval and use
• Digital libraries depend on the user interface to serve these purposes, thus user interfaces are crucial to success of high-volume digital libraries
Interface Principles for DLs
• Consider physical and conceptual interface issues.• Consider representations and user control
mechanisms.• Provide a multiplicity of indexes (representations):
Help people help themselves.• Minimize user effort: A click is a radical act.• Use a variety of iterative user studies to
understand user needs, common tasks, and interface effects.
Open Video Project• Goals
– Create an open source DL for use by researchers, students, and the public.
– A testbed for interactive interfaces– An environment for building a theory of human information
interaction
• Ongoing work: begun 1995 with colleagues at UMD• Current funding: NSF# IIS-0099538, NCNI• Collaborators: I2-DSI, ibiblio, CMU, UMD, NIST,
Internet Archive• www.open-video.org
Current Status
• ~ 0.5 TB of content
• ~1600 video segments
• ~1100 different titles
• ~2000 unique visitors per month
• I2-DSI video channel
• OAI provider
• Ongoing user studies
MPEG etc.MPEG etc.
MPEG etc.
Digitization
Segmentation
Keyframe Extraction
Keyword (text)
Surrogates
Keyword (audio)
Metadata
Client(Browser)
Database(MySQL)
AVI
Search
Contribute
Browse
Open Video Server
Production System
Distributed Files
Agile Views Interface
• Provide a variety of access representations (e.g., indexes) and control mechanisms
• Usual search and browse capabilities
• Leverage both visual and linguistic cues
• Create and test surrogates for overview and preview
Agile Views Framework
Evolution of Agile View Design Techniques
• Various dynamic query interfaces (HCIL UMD)• Relation Browser (BLS, SILS seminars)
– Federal statistics, overviews of relationships (several different partitions). Useful for small number of attribute sets, each with small number of attribute values. Backend database of metadata, Java applet interface
• Enriched Links (Sony Labs)– Complex web sites, previews, overviews, and reviews of pages.
Backend computation and Javascript interface
• Integrated overviews and previews (BLC UMD)– Multimedia digital library, backend computation, Java applet
interface
Relation Browser
Enriched Links:Preview
Enriched Links: Overview
Enriched Links: Shared View
Overviews and Previews: One Screen
The Open Video Project Case
Browse: by Categories & Attributes
Note Results Data
Search: by Category & Attribute
Search: by Free Text & Keyword
Search Results
NoteMouseoverPopup forDetails;Click yieldsNext segmentBib record
Segment Details
Video Transcript Text
Video Segment Preview
Research Agenda 2001-04• What kinds of surrogates to provide for overviews and previews?• Currently, we are designing and testing cost-benefit tradeoffs
for:– Storyboards
• text keywords
• audio keywords
– Slideshows
• text keywords
• audio keywords
– Fast-forwards
• Integration of many specific good ideas lead to emergence or chaos?
AgileViews Overview – Genre: Documentary
NoteOne keyframePer segmentShown onMouseover;Direct selectsupported
AgileViews Overview – Genre: Education
AgileViews Overview – Color/B&W
Previews
Agile Views Preview – Faces
Agile Views Preview – Faces
Agile Views Preview – Superimposition
Agile Views Preview – Brightness
R&D SchemeTASK
CHARACTERISTICS
VIDEOCHARACTERISTICS
INDIVIDUALCHARACTERISTICS
SURROGATECHARACTERISTICS
Dependent Variables:
PERFORMANCE
PREFERENCE
User Study 1: Explore Surrogate Space (Fall 01)
• five video surrogates compared– Storyboard (6x6 grid of keyframes)
with text keywords– Storyboard with audio keywords– Slide show (keyframes displayed @
250ms per frame) with text keywords– Slide show with audio keywords– Fast forward (at 4 times original
speed)
• 10 subjects with video experience (about 2 hours each)
• Two phases– Three surrogates for each of four videos
• Preferences changed over time, support for ff development• Gist meant: topicality, narrative structure, and visual style
– One surrogate (free choice) for each of 3 videos• write statement of gist• Select statements of gist• Object recognition (textual)• Object recognition (visual)• Action recognition• Visual gist
Best Worst
Gist determination, free text
Slide show w/ audio keywords
Storyboard w/ text keywords
Storyboard w/ audio keywords
Fast forward
Gist determination, multiple-choice
Fast forward Slide show w/ audio keywords
Storyboard w/ text keywords
Storyboard w/ audio keywords
Object recognition, textual
Storyboard w/ text keywords
Fast forward Slide show w/ audio keywords
Storyboard w/ audio keywords
Object recognition, graphical
Storyboard w/ text keywords
Slide show w/ audio keywords
Fast forward Storyboard w/ audio keywords
Action recognition Fast forward Storyboard w/ text keywords
Storyboard w/ audio keywords
Slide show w/ audio keywords
Visual gist Storyboard w/ audio keywords
Storyboard w/ text keywords
Slide show w/ audio keywords
Fast forward
Next Steps (short term)
• Study 2 (spring 02) – Compare different fast forward rates– 30 subjects
• Interactive Shared Educational Environment (ISEE) for video (remote study)
• CHI 02 – The commons with demos and study of narrativity
• Summer study (02)– Eye-tracking study of effects of textual and audio cues
Next Steps (long term) From DLs to the Sharium
DigitalLibrary
ChannelsFilesTools
Contribution Contribution
M e s s a g i n g
Problem Solving/Construction
Problem Solving/Construction
Search/Discovery
Presentation
Search/Discovery
Presentation
The Sharium Work Space
Integration Hypothesis
• As information resources and technologies are integrated as digital libraries (sharia or collaboratories), institutional boundaries will blur. Examples:– Types of learning (formal, informal,
professional)– Types of libraries– Levels of government (local, state, federal)
Long-Term Implications for Social Sciences Research
• What does it mean when you can have everything you can possibly access anywhere, available everywhere? Removing the bounds of access implies ubiquity and augmented memory. What does it then mean to be informed? Intelligent? Consider a cascading set of issues such as trust, ownership/IP, communication, human relationships, and socio-technical symbiosis.
Summary: Open Video as Testbed
• Give people many ‘views’ to look ahead• Make these views easy to manipulate (agile)• Challenges
– Mapping video characteristics to surrogates (e.g., keyframes, keywords), mapping surrogates to control mechanisms (e.g., mouse actions)
– Automating production processes
• Use the repository, contribute to the repository! We would especially like to include cultural video in the collection.
Pointers and Thanks
• www.open-video.org
• www.ils.unc.edu/idl
• Thanks to:– National Science Foundation– North Carolina Networking Initiative– Contributors– NJ ASIST
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