e watertight structures
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1Technology and concepts for watertight concrete construction
By Er. DEVINDER CHAWLAM.E. (CTM)
Managing Director
SAMRITI ENGINEERS PRIVATE LIMITED DELHI (Regd.) Office : AD-132 C, PITAMPURA, NEWDELHI SCO-4, SECTOR 34-C, CHANDIGARH – 160022Telefax : 91-172 – 2615590, Mobile : 09216515590 e-mail: samritiengineers@gmail.com, & samritiengineers@rediffmail.com
2
Watertight concrete construction
1. Water retaining structures
2. Waterproof facilities
3
Watertight concrete construction
1. Water retaining structures: keeping water in
• Reservoirs and water tanks
• Waste water treatment plants
• Dams
• Secondary containment bund
• Swimming pools
• Sewers and pipelines, etc.
4
Watertight concrete construction
2. Waterproof facilities: keeping water out
• Basements
• Parking garages
• Underground stations and subways
• Utility vaults
• Reservoirs and water tanks
• Marine structures
• Tunnels, etc.
5
Elements of watertight concrete structures
1. Concrete technology
2. Jointing technology
3. Penetrations
4. Solutions for unforeseen problems
6
Elements of watertight concrete structures
1. Concrete Technology
• Dense impermeable concrete• Watertight concrete must have
minimised capillary volume andpermeability
2. Jointing Technology
• Solutions for constructionsand movement joints
Admixtures,
curing compounds
etc.
FLEXIBLE S
EALING
STRIP
7
Elements of watertight concrete structures
3. Penetrations
• Solutions for pipe entries,utility services etc.
4. Solutions for unforeseen problems Products with high mechanical resistance, chemical resistance, crack bridging properties etc.
Coatings
Waterbars
Cracks
Honey combs
Swell-Products
8
Requirements for watertight concrete structures
1. Degree of watertightness
• Grade 1-4
• Special requirements
2. Concreting practice
• Formwork
• Steel reinforcement
• Concrete work
• Concrete curing
• Surface preparation of concrete joints
9
Requirements for watertight concrete structures
1. Degree of watertightness acc. BS 8102 depending on the use
Grade Requirements Typical structures
1 Some seepage and damppatches tolerable
Basic utility. Car parkinggarages, plant roomsexcluding electricalequipment, workshops
2 No water penetration butmoisture vapour tolerable
Residential and commercialbasement, workshops
3 Essential where a dryenvironment is required andwater penetration is intolerable
Ventilated residential andworking areas, offices,restaurants
4 Totally dry environment Vapour impermeable.Archives, computer rooms
10
Requirements for watertight concrete structures
Solution for grade 4
Watertight concrete• High range water reducing
admixtures Conplast SP 430
Capillary blocking system• Integral W P Conplast WP 90
Joint sealing systems• Swellable Gasket & Profiles• Injectoflex-System• Waterbars• Expoband H 45-Hypalon Mem
Vapour-proof coatings, membranes• Water Insensitive Epoxy coating systems• Elastomeric cementitious coatings/renderings-Brushbond RFX
Totally dry, vapour impermeable environment
11
Requirements for watertight concrete structures
Solutions for grade 3
Watertight concrete• High range water reducing
admixtures
Capillary blocking system• Integral W P
Joint sealing systems• Injectoflex-System• Waterbars
• Hypalon Membrane
Dry environment and water penetration intolerable
12
Requirements for watertight concrete structures
Solutions for grade 2
Watertight concrete• High range water reducing
admixtures
Joint sealing systems• Injectoflex-System• Waterbars• Hypalon Membrane
No water penetration but moisture vapour tolerable
13
Requirements for watertight concrete structures
Solutions for grade 1
Watertight concrete• Water reducing admixtures
Joint sealing systems• Swellable Gasket & Profiles• Injectoflex-System• Waterbars• Expoband H 45-Hypalon Mem
Some seepage and damppatches tolerable
14
Requirements for watertight concrete structures
Solution for special requirements
Special requirements• Hygienic and easy to clean• Approved in contact with drinking water• Crack bridging• Chemically resistant• Waste water resistant
Watertight concrete, jointing system according grade 3 or 4
Additional protective layers (dep. on project requirements)• Water Insensitive Epoxy coating systems• Elastomeric cementitious renderings
15
Requirements for watertight concrete structures
2. Concreting practice
Formwork
• Formwork joints must be tightto prevent leakage of liquid
• Formwork shall impart asmooth finish to the resultingconcrete surface
• Removing of formwork shallbe done without shock orvibration
To fulfil use of mould release agent Reebol
16
Requirements for watertight concrete structures
2. Concreting practice
Steel reinforcement
• Design and fixing of reinforcement very importantto minimise potential problems, such as
• Cracks due to insufficientreinforcement
• Insufficient concrete cover Increased shrinkage Accelerate corrosion
• Obstruction of joint sealingsystem
• Congestion Inadequate concrete compaction
17
Requirements for watertight concrete structures
2. Concreting practice
Concrete work
• For the transport of watertightconcrete use a ready-mixconcrete truck
• Watertight concrete can beplaced by pumping, pouringor by crane
• Compaction by mechanicalvibrating is required
18
Requirements for watertight concrete structures
2. Concreting practice
Concrete curing
• For watertight concretecomplete curing is essential
• Without curing a high quantity ofwater evaporates at the surfaceand the concrete will crack
Cover immediately with a dampplastic sheeting
Use a curing compound such as Concure WB/LP 90
19
Requirements for watertight concrete structures
2. Concreting practice
Surface preparation of concrete joints
For Construction joints
Use a surface retarder
to obtain a roughsurface for good adhesion of thesubsequent fresh concrete
20
Technology of waterproof concrete
1. Definition of watertightness and testing
• Definition and testing according SIA 162
• Definition and testing according DIN 1048
2. Pores and cavities in concrete• Structure
• Reduction of compaction pores
• Reduction of capillary pores
• Blocking of capillary pores
21
Technology of waterproof concrete
1. Definition of watertightness and testing
According Swiss Standard SIA 262/1-A
• Crack-free concrete can be said to be “watertight” if the volume of water penetrating is lower than the minimum vaporisable volume of the water of the opposite side.
Requirement
• Water absorption qw < vaporisable volume of water qd
Wall thickness d
Air
qd
qw
ConcreteWater
The bigger d, the better the watertightness
Recommended range for watertight concreteqw 10 g/m2 x h
22
Technology of waterproof concrete
Water absorption qw by suction
• Test: According SIA 262/1 A• Exposure: Soaking under
permanent water contact• Measurement of water absorption
in gram from (1 hour to two weeks)• Specimen: Drill cores
Testing time (days)
Wat
er a
bso
rpti
on
(g
)
8.00
7.00
6.00
5.00
4.00
3.00
2.00
1.00
0.000 1 3 7 14
qw = g / m2 x h
Standard concrete without admixtures Concrete with Super plasticisers
23
Technology of waterproof concrete
Vaporisable volume of water qd
• Depends on climatic conditions on oppositeside of the water :
- Air temperature
- Relative humidity
- Wind speed vw
vw = 0 m/s see graphvw = 1 m/s qd1 ~ 2 x qd0
vw = 5 m/s qd5 ~ 5 x qd0
Relative humidity %A
ir t
emp
erat
ure
°C
40
30
20
10
0
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
q d = 50 g
/m2 x h
Not recommended for watertightconcrete structures
24
Technology of waterproof concrete
1. Definition of watertightness and testing
According European Standard SN EN 12390-8
• Max. water penetration (e) in the in the concrete 50 mm
Requirements
• Good concrete quality• Correct solution for joints
Wat
er p
enet
rati
on
(e)
mm
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0.3 0.4 0.5
W/C ratio
Standard concrete mixSP
25
Technology of waterproof concrete
Water penetration e
• Test: According SN EN 12390-8• Exposure: Water penetration via
water pressure• Measurement of max. water
penetration in mm after 24 hourswith a water pressure of 5 bar
70
Wat
er p
enet
rati
on
(e)
mm 60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Reference concrete without admixtures
Concrete with Super plasticisers
26
Technology of waterproof concrete
Water penetration coefficient (w) by Karsten
• Site measurement• Measurement of water
absorption in ml after 2 hours• Unit w = kg/m2 x h1/2
Concrete with Super plasticisers
0.16
Wat
er a
bso
rpti
on
(w
) m
l
Reference concrete without admixtures
0.14
0.12
0.10
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
0
27
Technology of waterproof concrete
2. Pores and cavities in concrete
Structure• The relation between concrete content and pore structure is shown in the
following picture
The design of the concrete mixture is very important
28
Technology of waterproof concrete
2. Pores and cavities in concrete
Reduction of compaction pores• Use at least soft or plastic concrete consistency to minimise the compaction
pores
The design of the concrete mixture is very important
29
Technology of waterproof concrete
2. Pores and cavities in concrete
Reduction of capillary pores by water reduction (grade 2)
High w/c ratio > 0.6Big pores due to missing fine sand and content of fines
Low w/c ratio = 0.4Very dense cement-stone
0.0 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6
25
20
15
10
5
0
Wat
er r
edu
ctio
n %
HRWR-dosage
Water reduction in % with SP
30
Technology of waterproof concrete
2. Pores and cavities in concrete
Blocking of capillary pores by using a waterproofer (grade 3)
• Improve crystallisation of cement hydration • CIS contains complex silicates with extremely high reactivity• The result is further blocking of the pores and formation of a dense cement
matrix• The pore blocking materials line at the inside of capillary pores forming a
hydrophobic layer• The result is reduced water absorption• If water penetrates under pressure, swelling action of the silicate hydrates
take place• This swelling action effectively blocks the pores
31
Technology of watertight joints
Principle 1: External surface applied
Principle 2: Integral cast in place
Principle 3: Internal surface applied
Selection criteria for principle 1-3
Expoband H 45-Hypalon Membrane
Waterbars
Injectoflex-System
Supercast SW-swell Profiles
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Technology of watertight jointsPrinciple 1: External surface applied
Water infiltration is stopped on the external surface of the
structure• Where the reinforcement does not allow internal waterproofing• Where direct water pressure con not cause seal damage (abrasion)• Where corrosive water outside the structure has to be precluded
(e.g. sulphate water, salty water etc.)
Waterbar ExpobandH 45
Construction jointMovement joint
33
Technology of watertight jointsPrinciple 2: Integral cast in place
Water is stopped inside of the structure• Where external waterproofing is undesirable for aesthetic reasons• Where later application of the sealing system is not possible for
time or technical reasons• Where the sealing system has to be protected from direct water
pressure (e.g. due to abrasion)
Construction joint
Movement joint
Waterbar
SupercastSW 10/20 Profiles
Supercast SWX
Injectoflex- System
34
Technology of watertight jointsPrinciple 3: Internal surface applied
Water infiltration is stopped on the inside of the structure• Connection to existing buildings• Water retaining structures (e.g. water tanks)• Repair work
Construction jointMovement joint
Expoband H 45
35
Technology of watertight joints
Selection criteria for principle 1-3
Supercast SW 10/20-Swell Profiles
Supercast SWX-Paste
Positioning / limits• Max. recommended water head 2 bar (20 m)
• New tests up to 5 bar water head
36
Technology of watertight jointsExpoband H 45
System• High performance sealing system for irregular and high movement
joints and repair of cracks• Based on flexible Hypalon sheeting which is glued to the substrate
with the epoxy resin based Supastik E 10-Epoxy adhesive• Tape ends are connected by hot air welding
Uses• Sealing system for construction, expansion and connection
joints, as well as cracks in:- Tunnels and culverts- Roof joints- Sewage treatment plants- Hydro electric power plants- Basements- Water retaining structures- Swimming pools- Drinking water reservoirs etc.
37
Technology of watertight joints
Expoband H 45
Function• The sealing function consists of the good adhesion of the strip to the
substrate as well as to the adhesive
• Bonded to the concrete the it prevents the water ingress and increases the path of water penetration into concrete
e = water penetration (EN 206)s = increased length for water
penetration
s >> ee
s
38
Technology of watertight jointsExpoband H 45
Advantages• Adaptable to the construction program• Easy to adjust to complicated details• Damages or leaks can be repaired• Easy to control the application because
it is visible• Easy to repair damages• Completely water and weather resistant• Root resistant• Resistant to UV light• Resistant to many chemicals• Excellent adhesion to many materials• Over coating with epoxy or mortars
possible
39
Technology of watertight joints
Expoband H 45
Limits• Supporting of tape
If the joints are subjected to water pressure, the tape must be supported
Positive water pressure: support with hard foam or joint sealant
Negative water pressure: support with counter structure (steel profile) fixed on one side
Limit without support:for 5 mm joints at +20°C and 2 mm thick tape: max. 0.5 bar (5 m)
40
Technology of watertight joints
Expoband H 45
Applications
Water treatment plant:
Sealing segments of prefabricated concrete elements
41
Technology of watertight joints
Expoband H 45
Applications
Swimming pools: Sealing of expansion joints
42
Technology of watertight jointsWaterbars
System• Flexible PVC waterbar sections for the sealing of construction
and movement joints subjected to low or high water pressure• Waterbars have ribbed flanges for anchoring and sealing
(no adherence to concrete)• For cast in place concrete• Tape ends are connected by hot air welding
Uses• Sealing of construction and expansion joints in:
- Tunnels- Sewage treatment plants- Dams- Basements- Water retaining structures- Swimming pools- Ducts etc.
43
Technology of watertight jointsWaterbars
Function• Increasing the length of the path for water penetration (labyrinth system)
• The water path along the waterbar should to be approx. as long as thethickness of the concrete section
• Thereby the joint is as tight as the concrete structure itself
e = water penetration (EN 206)
s = increased length for water penetration
s >> e
Surface waterbar Centrally placed waterbar
d b
dbe
s
eu
s >> e s = u
44
Technology of watertight jointsWaterbars
Advantages• Increased distance for water penetration• No risk due to insufficient surface
preparation• Application independent of the weather• Easy to weld on site• Many different sizes and types available
(reinforced types, NBR- and PO-based types)• High PVC quality for long durability• Suitable for high water pressure• Resistant to many chemicals (e.g. sewage)• Bitumen and oil resistant waterbars
(B-Types) available
45
Technology of watertight joints
WaterbarsAvailable systems (examples)
Integral applied• Installation in the centre of the concrete structure• Easy fixing to the reinforcement with special fixing clips (5 pieces / m’)
External surface applied• Installation on the surface of the formwork resp. on the lean concrete• Easy fixing with nails (laterally!)
For construction joints For movement joints
For construction joints For movement joints Fixing with nails
46
Technology of watertight joints
WaterbarsAvailable systems (examples)
Special materials• Bitumen and oil resistant types (Green B-Types)
• NBR- Waterbars
• Polyolefine-Waterbars
Junction pieces• Cross pieces (flat and vertical)
• T-pieces (flat and vertical)
• L-pieces flat
• Corner pieces vertical (pins inside or outside)
All pieces have a 30 cm free wing, allowing easybutt-welding at site
Cross piece flat
47
Technology of watertight joints
Waterbars
External surface applied or centrally placed waterbar?
Sealing against seeping or ground water of basements,
retaining walls etc.• External surface applied or centrally placed waterbars
may be used
Sealing against free flowing water in retaining structures
such as channels, swimming pools, sewage treatment
plants etc.• Only centrally placed waterbars should be used• External surface applied waterbars are placed on the water side.
They could be damaged by mechanical wear (e.g abrasion, gatevalves in sewage treatment plants etc.)
48
Technology of watertight jointsWaterbarsExternal surface applied or centrally placed waterbar?
Water pressure• External surface applied waterbars have a shorter increase of water
pass in comparison to centrally placed waterbars of the same width• Externally surface applied waterbars may therefor only be used at low pressure
Reinforcement• Joints in structures with dense and complicated reinforcement are
preferable sealed with external surface applied waterbars. Sincethey are placed outside the reinforcement
Formwork• The fixing of external surface applied waterbars on steel shuttering
is not so easy• Therefore centrally placed waterbars should be preferred
49
Technology of watertight joints
Waterbars
Limits• Precise location and fixing is a must• Complicated and carefully formwork and concreting work required• Crack sealing not possible• Leaks are difficult to localise • Connection between new and existing building not possible• Service temperature
-35°C to +55°C• Chemical resistance
Long-term to:- Water, cement water, seawater, salt solutions, sewage
50
Technology of watertight joints
WaterbarsApplications
Waterbar Type Forte: Centrally placed reinforced waterbars.
Due to reinforcement the Forte waterbars are dimensionally
stable and have hardly to be fixed.
51
Technology of watertight joints
WaterbarsApplications
Waterbar Type Forte: Centrally placed reinforced waterbars.
Example of formwork
52
Technology of watertight jointsInjectoflex-System
System• High performance injection system to seal construction joints• The Injectoflex hose incorporates three exterior parts which swell in
contact with water and seal the joints• In a second phase the Injectoflex-System can be injected
Uses• Sealing system for construction joints:
- Tunnels- Underground constructions- Parking garages- Underground stations- Basements- etc.
Swelling rubber
Injection ports
Foam rubber valves
53
Technology of watertight jointsInjectoflex-System
Function: The sealing function occurs in two phases
Phase 1• Swelling caused by water exposure
• Injectoflex-System Type HP has swelling profiles on each of its 3 sides
• Penetrating water activates the 3 exterior surfaces of the hosewhich swell to seal the joint
• The resulting pressure forces the water to find a new and longer waythrough the structure and this seals the structure due to thereduction of water pressure s e
Before water exposure
After water exposure
s
e
54
Technology of watertight jointsInjectoflex-System Type HP
Function: The sealing function occurs in two phases
Phase 2• If necessary the system can be injected
• Injection products:Micro cementWater swellable resin
• The injection material fills the voids, cracks and again causes the waterto attempt to travel longer distances and effectively seals the structure
s >> e
e = water penetration (EN 206)s = increased length for water penetration
s
e
55
Technology of watertight jointsInjectoflex-System
Function: The sealing function occurs in two phases
Phase 2• Section of an injected Injectoflex hose
• The injection resin was coloured for checking
56
Technology of watertight joints
Injectoflex-System
Advantages• Accurate water stopping in 2 phases• Economic• Easy to install• Adaptable to any form of structure
and program• No additional fixing of formwork
required• No additional fixing to steel
reinforcement required• Disturbed areas (e.g. honeycombs)
close to the system can be levelled at a later stage
57
Technology of watertight joints
Injectoflex-System Type HP
Available packaging• Injectoflex-System Type HP is being supplied as a
complete set (carton box) including:- 40 m Injectoflex hose Type HP- 6 shutter packers with connection pieces and tube- 200 fixing hooks- 6 corner connection pieces
• Injectoflex-System Type NS (without swelling capacity)- Same packaging as Type HP- Recommended if a construction is planned to include injection (more economical)
58
Technology of watertight joints
Injectoflex-System Type HP
Limits
• Not suitable for movement joints
• The 3 external “strips” of the Injectoflex hose type PH swellin contact with water. This does not happen immediatelybut slowly after a few hours.Nevertheless it is advisable not to leave the Injectoflexhose Type HP in standing water more than 1 day
• Exposure to a rain shower does not have any negativeimpact as long as the water can drain away
59
Technology of watertight joints
Injectoflex-System Type HP
Limits• Place the Injectoflex hose in sections of
max. 8 m
• The hose has to be placed in such away that a concrete cover of at least10 cm is possible parallel to thesurface of the inner and outerformwork
• In case of injectionAge of concrete at lest 4 weeks
b
b/2 b/2
b wall thickness
b/2 10 cm
60
Technology of watertight joints
Injectoflex-System Type HP
Applications
Water reservoir:
Sealing of construction joints between slab and walls
61
Technology of watertight joints
Injectoflex-System Type HP
Applications
Block offices:
Sealing of construction joints between slab and walls
Sealing of construction joints between walls and walls
Shutter packers
62
Technology of watertight jointsSupercast SWX
System• Supercast SWX is a polyurethane based water swelling sealant for
construction joints and penetrations• Supercast SWX is extruded with a simple gun between
hardened and fresh concrete
Uses• Sealing of:
- Construction joints- Pipe and steel work penetrations trough walls and floor slabs- Around all types of penetrations and entries- Channel sections
• Fixation of:- Swell Profiles- Injectoflex Hoses
63
Technology of watertight joints
Supercast SWX
Function
No profileWater flows through the construction joint
With Supercast SWXwater can pass at the beginning but in a very limited quantity
Supercast SWXAfter expansion the pressure generated by Supercast SWXassures a perfectly watertight joint
64
Technology of watertight joints
Supercast SWX
Function
Before expansion After expansion
65
Technology of watertight joints
Supercast SWX
Advantages• Very easy to apply• Easy to extrude even at low temperatures
• Good adhesion to various substrates
• Excellent sag resistance at high temperatures
• Can be applied on horizontal or verticalsurfaces
• Can be applied on damp concrete
• Economical
• Permanently water resistant• Optimal swelling properties• Compensates irregularities of the hardened
concrete assuring watertightness
Others
Supercast SWX
66
Technology of watertight joints
Supercast SWX
Limits• Not suitable for movement joints
• Supercast SWX expands in contact with water. This does not happen immediately but slowly after a few hours.Nevertheless it is advisable not to leave it in standingwater more than 1 day
• Exposure to a rain shower does not have any negativeimpact as long as the water can drain away
• Although it has been tested at water pressures up to 5 barit’s normally not recommended for water pressures higher than 2 bar
• In case of rapidly rising water table no immediate sealing is possible (expansion process needs time)
67
Technology of watertight joints
Supercast SWX
Limits• Place Supercast SWX in the centre of the concrete section
• Minimum cover on both sides of the concrete:
Non reinforced concreteReinforced concrete
68
Technology of watertight joints
Supercast SWXApplications
Sealing of construction joints
69
Technology of watertight joints
Supercast SW 10/20
System• Supercast SW Profiles are made of hydro swelling rubber and therefore
expand in contact with water
• Sealing profiles for construction joints and penetrations
• Supercast SW Profiles are applied between hardened and fresh concrete
Uses• Sealing of:
- Construction joints- Pipe and steel work penetrations trough walls and floor slabs- Around all types of penetrations and entries- Channel sections
70
Technology of watertight joints
Supercast SW
Function• After contact with water the exterior surface of the profiles swell
• The resultant pressure increases the path of water penetrationand assures watertightness
s e
e
s
e = water penetration (EN 206)s = increased length for water penetration
Before and after contact with water
Supercast SW
71
Technology of watertight joints
Supercast SW
Advantages• Very easy to apply• Needs no hardening time
• Can be applied on horizontal orvertical surfaces
• Can be applied on different substrates• Can be applied on damp concrete
• Economical
• Permanently water resistant
• Optimal swelling properties• With protective coating to avoid
premature swelling
• Different types and dimensions available
72
Technology of watertight joints
Supercast SW
Available packaging
Mono types: Highly swellable• Supercast SW 10/20
- Box with roll of 1 x 10 m or 7 x 20 m
Hybrid types: Dual swellable with stabilising inner core
• Profiles With pressure relief chambers- Box with roll of 1 x 10 m or 5 x 10 m
73
Technology of watertight joints
Supercast SW
Limits• Not suitable for movement joints
• Not suitable for contact with salty water
• Supercast SW Profiles expand in contact with water.
This does not happen immediately but slowly after a few hours.Nevertheless it is advisable not to leave Profiles in standingwater more than 1 day
• Exposure to a rain shower does not have any negativeimpact as long as the water can drain away
• Although Profiles have been tested at water pressures up to5 bar it’s normally not recommended for water pressures higherthan 2 bar
• In case of rapidly rising water table no immediate sealing is possible (expansion process needs time)
74
Technology of watertight joints
Supercast SW
Limits• Place Profiles in the centre of the concrete section
• Minimum cover on both sides of the concrete:- Reinforced concrete min. 10 cm- Non reinforced concrete min. 15 cm
b
b/2 b/2
b wall thicknessb/2 10 resp. 15 cm
75
Technology of watertight joints
Supercast SW Profiles
Applications
Sealing of construction joints: Very easy by gluing onto the
hardened concrete with Supercast SWX Adhesive
CorrectConnections are butt jointed
Wrong
76
Technology of watertight joints
Supercast SW Profiles
Applications
Sealing of construction joints: Very easy by gluing onto the
hardened concrete with Supercast SWX
CorrectCorners are butt jointed
Wrong
77
Technology of watertight joints
Supercast SW Profiles
Applications
Sealing of construction joints
78
Penetrations
1. Pipe entries
2. Formwork-Ties
2. Ground water pump
79
Penetrations
With any watertight construction, continuity of the sealing
systems is essential for success
When pipe entries, utility services and conduits are placed
in or through a structure, the watertightness of the structure
is at risk
To avoid risks
Fosroc offers solutions
80
Penetrations
Pipe entries
With Supercast SWX or Supercast SW-Swell Profiles
Supercast SWX
Swell Profiles
81
Penetrations
Pipe entries
With Expoband H 45
Recess
Expoband H 45
82
Penetrations
Formwork-Ties
With Supastik E 10- Adhesive or Brushbond
BRUSHBOND Plug
83
Penetrations
Ground water pump
With Expoband H 45 and Supercast SW-Swell Profiles
Expoband H 45
Supercast SW-Swell Profile
Floor slab
Pipe
Supercast SW- Swellable waterstops for in-situ concrete
Uses• Integral sealing for construction joints in concrete cast
in-situ where conventional waterstops are impractical to use because of limited access.
• Convenient and problem solving in situations where a conventional waterstop would require complex shuttering
• Typical uses include secant piled and diaphragm walled basements, pile caps and casting against old concrete.
• Supercast SW can provide simple solutions to detailing pipe entries, construction joints in the vertical plane and to kicker joints.
• Can be linked to Supercast PVC*Ü waterstops to give an effective combination of waterstops which maintain network continuity.
Advantages• Easy to install by bonding, nailing or casting into joint
faces.• Factory made connectors enable full integration of
Supercast SW20 and Supercast PVC networks• Solves detailing problems in conjunction with
Supercast PVC range• Swelling properties unaffected by long term wet/dry
cycling• Tolerant of salts present in concrete and groundwater• Sustains effective seal in wet conditions• Standards compliance Suitable for use in contact with potable water - Water
Byelaws
Fosroc Range Sealants
Hypolan Membrane – Expoband H 45
Application: Irregular / Vertical – Horizontal joints
Podium slab joints
Water immersion joints / Water retaining
structures
Potable & water retaining structure joints
Supercast SWSupercast SW
Polymer hydrophilic waterstop
Hydrophilic Waterstops
2 different types available
• Base polymer hydrophilic
• Blended hydrophilic
Must use PVC waterstops for
expansion joints
Supercast SW range
Base polymer hydrophilic
Superior wet / dry cycling long term performance
High swelling pressures for deep basements
• Hydrostatic pressure resistance: 10m after 1 day 30m after 2 days 50m after 5 days
• Minimum of 80mm concrete cover required
Fosroc hydrophilic waterstops
Supercast
• SW10
• SW20
• Supercast SWX
• Supercast SW adhesive
Injection hose waterstops
2 different types available
• Single injection
• Multiple injection
Attached with clips Overlapping at junction Junction boxes
Multiple injection hose
Future structural movements can be re-sealed
Very bad joints can be completely filled
Injecting the resin Excess resin
Fosroc Injection hose waterstops
Supercast Predimax
Finished installation After concreting
flexible and durable can be injected several times safe, secure construction can be injected with all resins and microfine cement
FOSROC Injection Hoses
Injection
Injection
Injection
PREDIMAX® injection hose technology
Supercast Predimax
PREDIMAX® is easy to install and very simple to handle !
Supercast Predimax
Supercast Predimax
Supercast Predimax
Supercast Predimax
103
Proofex PGP
Flexible PVC synthetic membrane
Continuously loose laid system.
2mm thick loose laid PVC membrane with hot air welded seams.
The membrane layers are overlapped to achieve a minimum weld of 50mm.
Hot air welding can be either hand applied or by means of automatic machines.
Proofex PGP
Thickness : 2 mm
Standard Colours (2) : Black – Grey
Tensile strength ASTM D412)
Longitudinal : >17N/mm2
Transversal : >17N/mm2
Elongation at break (ASTM D412)
Longitudinal : > 300%
Transversal : > 300%
Proofex PGP
Puncture resistance
(ASTM E 154:93)
Maximum Load : > 1200N
Water permeability
(BSEN 12390 P8) :
No penetration @ 5 bar pressure
Tear resistance (ASTM D624)
Longitudinal : > 50N/mm
Transversal : > 50N/mm
Lap joint strength : > 1000 N/5cm (welded) UEATc
Fosroc loose-laid membranes
Fosroc loose-laid TPO/FPA membrane systems can be utilised for both below ground and roof waterproofing applications.
These systems have fully welded laps for optimum performance
Based on Flexible Polypropylene Alloy for long term durability
Advantages of TPO/FPA membranes
Advantages of TPO/FPA membranes
Environmentally friendly• Inert – no volatile components• No toxic fumes when welded• No plasticisers that could leach out into the ground• Recyclable
Outstanding elongation performance
Compatible with bitumen for roofoverlays
APPLICATION
EquipmentApplication equipment
A- LEISTER DIP(control electric): for single welding (hot air gun)
B- LEISTER VARIMAT : for automatic single welding
C- LEISTER TWINNY T : for automatic double seam welding
Tools & Equipment
Hand welding
Automatic double weld system(allows testing of welds)
Automatic single weld system
Tools
Application tools
A- knife cutters
B- arm rubber and metal rollers for LEISTER DIP
C- screw drivers with hook finish
Accessories
A- Fosroc solvent 102 (cleaner)
B- Fosroc PGP fitters
Welding
Testing Equipment
Air pressure testing needle with gauge.
Air pressure pump. (Calibration Certificate should be attached)
Horizontal Application
Casting the Blinding Laying the loose laid geotextile membrane 340 g/m2 Laying and welding the Proofex PGP (80 mm overlap) Introduce the waterstop compartments Laying another geotextile membrane 140 g/m2 Casting 50mm sand cement protection screed
Vertical Application
Plastering or shotcreting the wall Laying the loose laid geotextile membrane 340 gm/m2 by
adhesive Laying the membrane vertically in sections(from bottom to
top) Introducing and welding the compartments(membrane
should be Part of the structure not the shuttering walls) Welding the Proofex PGP fitters to the membrane Laying the geotextile membrane 340 g/m2using these fitters
Pile head Waterproofing
Re-profile using Supercast PC Water stop will be fixed around the pile Supercast EPT on top Welding the horizontal Proofex PGP to the existing waterstop
Pile head membrane dressing
Application
Hot air welding
Patch repair w
elding
Pipe penetration
Visual clip - Welding
Applications
Podium deck waterproofing
Loose-laid ballast system• Membrane laid on top of insulation• Geotextile layer protection against ballast
Protected membrane system• Membrane laid on top of concrete deck
Visual clip - Welding
Applications
Below ground waterproofing
Suitable for deep basements
Full compartmentalization system available, utilising waterstops
Suitable for piled sites
Fosroc Nukote Polyurea System
A New Technology
Fosroc Nukote Polyurea System
SINGLE PRODUCT SOLUTION FOR BASEMENTRETAINING WALL,TERRACE, PODIUM SLAB
Spray applied Gels in seconds Tack free in 30 seconds Back in service in minutes Very high physical properties Seamless spray applied
Fosroc Nukote ST
Fosroc Nukote STTwo component, fast curing pure polyurea system suitable for waterproofing and protection applications
Basement Retaining walls Terrace Podium slab Watertanks Expansion joint treatment.
Waterproof and protective coating for concrete and steel Typical applications include:
Fosroc Nukote ST
Advantage Tensile strength 29 Mpa Elongation 430% Tear Strength 101.5 Kn/M Gel time 20 Sec Tackfree 45 Sec Abrasion resistance ASTM D – 4060 : < 20 mg Loss Can be applied at ambient temperatures between –30°C to 170°C Designed for service temperatures from –35°C to 135°C
Tunnel waterproofing in Hong Kong
Typical Applications
Deck waterproofing
Typical Applications
Soft water basin - Water containment
Typical Applications
Roof applications in Dubai
Typical Applications
Proofex Engage
Pre applied HDPE waterproofing membrane which mechanically bonds to poured concrete slabs, remaining in place if settlement of substrate occurs
Basement waterproofing protection to grades 2,3, and 4 as defined in BS8102:1990
To provide a vapour and waterproof membrane in building and civil engineering structures
Resistant to attack from chemicals and aggressive ground salts
Uses & advantages
Proofex Engage
Forms a tenacious mechanical bond to poured concrete remaining in place if settlement of the substrate occurs
Simple application – no primers or protection material required
Inert product – no risk of a reaction with ponded water prior to concrete being poured
Durable – withstands inclement weather and resists construction related damage. Can be trafficked immediately after application
Facilitates flexible construction programming
Uses & advantages (contd.)
Proofex Engage
Typical Applications
Typical Applications
Typical Applications
Typical Applications
Waterproofing Solutions
Fosroc waterproofing systems
Spray
Self adhesive
Pre appliedLoose laid
Torch-on Liquid applied
Loose-laid membranesLoose-laid membranes
Fosroc products
Fosroc Proofex PGP
- 2.0 mm thick PVC membrane
Fosroc Proofex OGP• 1.5mm thick TPO / FPA membrane
Fosroc Proofex ORG• 1.5mm thick reinforced TPO / FPA membrane
Applications
Below ground waterproofing
Loose-laid system
Fully welded joints
Concrete slab
50mm screedProofex OGPGeotextile layerBlinding concrete
System build up
Applications
Podium deck waterproofing
Applications
Flat roof waterproofing
Applications
Canals and ponds waterproofing
Loose-laid system• Membrane laid on top of geotextile layer
CAD DETAILS
pile pgp
Feb 23rd, 2009
KRP
FOSROC STANDARD PILE CAPS WATERPROOFING DETAIL
STD
WATERPROOFING DETAIL FOR PILE CAPS
DETAIL "C"
DETAIL "B"
RAFT
1 to 1-A
pile pgp
Feb 23rd, 2009
KRP
PILE CAPS SECTION WATERPROOFING DETAIL
FOSROC STANDARD PILE CAPS WATERPROOFING DETAIL
STD
SAND / CEMENT MORTAR ANGLE FILLET(BY MAIN CONTRACTOR)
DETAIL "B"
DETAIL "C"
SPRAYED PLASTER FOR SMOOTHENING THE SURFACE (BY MAIN CONTRACTOR)
GEOTEXTILE PROTECTION MEMBRANE 340gm/m2
GEOTEXTILE PROTECTION MEMBRANE 340gm/m2
GEOTEXTILE PROTECTION MEMBRANE 3840gm/m2
GEOTEXTILE PROTECTION MEMBRANE 340gm/m2
100mm THICK PCC BLINDING ON 1000 GUAGE POLYTHENE SHEET (BY MAIN CONTRACTOR)
50mm THICK PROTECTION SCREED (BY M/C) ON 140gm/m2 GEOTEXTILE SEPERTATION LAYER
50mm THICK PROTECTION SCREED (BY M/C) ON 140gm/m2 GEOTEXTILE SEPERTATION LAYER
2 MM PROOFEX PGP MEMBRANE
2 MM PROOFEX PGP MEMBRANE
1-A
Note:-TERMINATION AT LEAST A 75 MM EDGE AND A 150 MM END LAP SHOULD BE WELDED AND ROLLED FIRMLY TO ACHIVE A GOOD BOND.
pile pgp
Feb 23rd, 2009
KRP
FOSROC STANDARD WATERPROOFING DETAIL
STD
DETAIL "B"
WATERPROOFING DETAIL FOR BASEMENT
TOP OF RAFTFOSROC PREDIMAX INJECTION HOSE
250 MM SUPERCAST REARGUARD R PVC WATERBAR
2 to 2-A
pile pgp
Feb 23rd, 2009
KRP
PILE CAPS SECTION WATERPROOFING DETAIL
FOSROC STANDARD PILE CAPS WATERPROOFING DETAIL
STD
SAND / CEMENT MORTAR ANGLE FILLET(BY MAIN CONTRACTOR)
DETAIL "B"
SPRAYED PLASTER FOR SMOOTHENING THE SURFACE (BY MAIN CONTRACTOR)
GEOTEXTILE PROTECTION MEMBRANE 340gm/m2
GEOTEXTILE PROTECTION MEMBRANE 340gm/m2
100mm THICK PCC BLINDING ON 1000 GUAGE POLYTHENE SHEET (BY MAIN CONTRACTOR)
50mm THICK PROTECTION SCREED (BY M/C) ON 140gm/m2 GEOTEXTILE SEPERTATION LAYER
2 MM PROOFEX PGP MEMBRANE
2-A
Note:-TERMINATION AT LEAST A 75 MM EDGE AND A 150 MM END LAP SHOULD BE WELDED AND ROLLED FIRMLY TO ACHIVE A GOOD BOND.
pile pgp
Feb 23rd, 2009
KRP
WALL WATERPROOFING DETAIL
FOSROC STANDARD WALL WATERPROOFING DETAIL
STD
DETAIL FOR VERTICAL AREA WATERPROOFING
DETAIL "D"
SPRAYED PLASTER FOR SMOOTHENING THE SURFACE(BY MAIN CONTRACTOR)
1mm THICK, 50mm GIRTH PLAIN FINISHALUMN. FLASHING WITH THIOFLEX POLYSULPHIDE SEALANT
WATERPROOFING DETAIL WITH RETAINING WALL
GROUND FLOOR LEVEL
RAFT FOUNDATION(BY MAIN CONTRACTOR)
DETAIL "B"
DETAIL "B"PAVEMENT LEVEL
PAVEMENT LEVEL
SPRAYED PLASTER FOR SMOOTHENING THE SURFACE(BY MAIN CONTRACTOR)
SAND / CEMENT MORTAR ANGLE FILLET (BY M/C)
DETAIL "D"
SHORING WALL(BY MAIN CONTRACTOR)
DETAIL "E"
GEOTEXTILE PROTECTION MEMBRANE 340gm/m2
GEOTEXTILE PROTECTION MEMBRANE 340gm/m2
DETAIL "E"
GEOTEXTILE PROTECTION MEMBRANE 340gm/m2
GEOTEXTILE PROTECTION MEMBRANE 340gm/m2
GEOTEXTILE PROTECTION MEMBRANE 340gm/m2
GEOTEXTILE PROTECTION MEMBRANE 340gm/m2
GEOTEXTILE PROTECTION MEMBRANE 340gm/m2
GEOTEXTILE PROTECTION MEMBRANE 340gm/m2
50mm
100mm THICK PCC BLINDING ON1000 GUAGE POLYTHENE SHEET(BY MAIN CONTRACTOR)
50mm THICK PROTECTION SCREED (BY M/C) ON 140gm/m2 GEOTEXTILE SEPERTATION LAYER
PROOFEX PGP MEMBRANE
FOSROC PREDIMAX INJECTION HOSE
FOSROC SUPERCAST REARGUARD R PVC WATERBAR
2 MM PROOFEX PGP MEMBRANE
2 MM PROOFEX PGP MEMBRANE
2 MM PROOFEX PGP MEMBRANE
3
Note:-TERMINATION AT LEAST A 75 MM EDGE AND A 150 MM END LAP SHOULD BE WELDED AND ROLLED FIRMLY TO ACHIVE A GOOD BOND.
pile pgp
Feb 23rd, 2009
KRP
COMPARTMENT WATERPROOFING DETAIL
FOSROC STANDARD COMPARTMENT WATERPROOFING DETAIL
STD
100mm THICK PCC BLINDING ON 1000 GUAGE POLYTHENE SHEET
GEOTEXTILE PROTECTION MEMBRANE 340gm/m2
WELL COMPACTED EARTH
STAINLESS STEEL CLAMPING RINGS
FOSROC SEALANT
GEOTEXTILE PROTECTION MEMBRANE 340gm/m2
GEOTEXTILE PROTECTION MEMBRANE 340gm/m2
HORIZONTAL WATER PROOFING DETAIL (COMPARTMENT)
WATERPROOFING DETAIL OF GRP/ PVC / STEELPIPE PENETRATION
50mm THICK PROTECTION SCREED ON 140gm/m2 GEOTEXTILE SEPERTATION LAYER
2 MM PROOFEX PGP MEMBRANE
SUPERCAST PVC WATERSTOP - REARGUARD R
2 MM PROOFEX PGP MEMBRANE
SLEEVE
4
Note:-TERMINATION AT LEAST A 75 MM EDGE AND A 150 MM END LAP SHOULD BE WELDED AND ROLLED FIRMLY TO ACHIVE A GOOD BOND.
pile pgp
Feb 23rd, 2009
KRP
CONSTRUCTION J OINT WATERPROOFING DETAIL
FOSROC STANDARD CONSTRUCTION J OINTWATERPROOFING DETAIL
STD
WATERPROOFING INTERSECTION (CONSTRUCTION JOINT) DETAIL AT WALL
NAIL FOR TEMPORARRY HANGING OF MEMBRANE
R.C. SLAB
GEOTEXTILE PROTECTION MEMBRANE 340gm/m2
GEOTEXTILE PROTECTION MEMBRANE 340gm/m2
JOINT FILLER
NITOMORTAR S
NEW STRUCTURE EXISTING STRUCTURE
EXPANSION JOINT DETAIL BETWEEN NEW & EXISTING STRUCTURES
FOSROC PEEDIMAX INJECTION HOSE
SUPERCAST PVC WATERSTOP - REARGUARD R
SUPERCAST PVC WATERSTOP REARGUARD R
2 MM PROOFEX PGP MEMBRANE
FOSROC JOINT SEALANT SYSTEM
RENDEROC SXtra
5
Note:-TERMINATION AT LEAST A 75 MM EDGE AND A 150 MM END LAP SHOULD BE WELDED AND ROLLED FIRMLY TO ACHIVE A GOOD BOND.
pile pgp
Feb 23rd, 2009
KRP
FOSROC STANDARD WALL WATERPROOFING DETAIL
STD
GEOTEXTILE PROTECTION MEMBRANE 340gm/m2
GEOTEXTILE PROTECTION MEMBRANE 340gm/m2
FIXING THE ROUNDELLES WELDED TO MEMBRANE
SPIKE FOR ANCHORING THE MEMBRANE TO VERTICAL WALL
WALL FIXING DETAIL (INTERNAL)
2 MM PROOFEX PGP MEMBRANE
6
Note:-TERMINATION AT LEAST A 75 MM EDGE AND A 150 MM END LAP SHOULD BE WELDED AND ROLLED FIRMLY TO ACHIVE A GOOD BOND.
FOSROC STANDARD CONTRACTION JOINT WATERPROOFING DETAILS
7
Product positioningOur products are positioned in the market at different
performance price points
For example;
Polyurea WPE
Premium spray applied, seamless, fast curing, highly elastic, long life membrane
Proofex OGP Loose-laid, welded
laps TPO membrane
Proofex Torchseal
Bitumen torch-on, lapped membrane
Price
Performance
PODIUM DECK WATERPROOFING
Nitoproof 600 Liquid applied,
seamless, elastic membrane
Proofex GP
Self adhesive bitumen membrane.
Product positioning
Proofex Engage
Premium pre-applied , robust, long life fully adhered , non tracking membrane.
Proofex OGP
Environmentally friendly loose-laid TPO membrane.
Brushbond
Cementitious waterproof coating for non critical applications.
Price
Performance
BELOW GROUND WATERPROOFING
Another example;
Proofex PGP
Loose-laid PVC membrane.
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