early stage of western imperialism in the philippines
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EARLY STAGE OF EARLY STAGE OF WESTERN IMPERIALISMWESTERN IMPERIALISM
1565-18001565-1800
WESTERN IMPERIALISM: It’s Causes, WESTERN IMPERIALISM: It’s Causes, and It’s Impact on the Worldand It’s Impact on the World
What is Imperialism?
• It is a process of extending control or influence over weaker nations
• It involves direct or indirect control over the economy, government, and culture
Colonialism is the building and maintaining of colonies in one territory by people from another territory. Sovereignty over the colony is claimed by the metropole. Social structure, government and economics within the territory of the colony are changed by the colonists.
COLONIALISMCOLONIALISM
is not satisfied merely with holding a is not satisfied merely with holding a
people in its grip people in its grip
and emptying the native’s brain of all and emptying the native’s brain of all
form & content. form & content.
By a kind of perverted logic By a kind of perverted logic
it turns to the past of the peopleit turns to the past of the people,,
and distorts, disfigures, and distorts, disfigures,
and destroys it…and destroys it…
Frantz Fanon, Wretched of the EarthQuoted by Felino S Garcia, Jr’s article –“THE MOST INSIDIOUS AND DANGEROUS”: The Pathogenic Body inSelected scientific papers published in the Philippine Journal of ScienceDuring the First Decade of American Colonial Rule in the Philippines.
The reasons for the practice of colonialism at this time include:
• The profits to be made.• To expand the power of the metropole.• To escape persecution in the metropole.• To convert the indigenous population to the colonists' religion.• Some colonists also felt they were helping the indigenous
population by bringing them Christianity and civilization. However, the reality was often subjugation, displacement or death.
• A colony is part of an empire and so colonialism is closely related to imperialism.
What is imperialism?• It is a process of extending control or
influence over weaker nations
• It involves direct or indirect control over the economy, government, and culture
The Foundations of Western ImperialismThe Foundations of Western Imperialism
Why did the people of the West set out toWhy did the people of the West set out tobuild empires in the first place? build empires in the first place?
1. to ensure cheap supply ofconsumer goods and raw materials
2. to establish new markets for their own goods
3. and to create ahegemony of the West over the rest of the world
What triggers these expansions
Development of TechnologyDevelopment of Technology
Shipbuilding, instruments and techniques of navigation and naval armaments
Discovery of world wind system
most contributions in this field came from the Mediterranean
World ExplorationsWorld Explorations
Western Colonies in the 1900
What is the direct effect of Imperialism and colonialism?
Impact on healthImpact on health
Food securityFood securitySlave tradeSlave trade
unequal social relationsunequal social relationsexploitationexploitationmedical advancesmedical advancesnew institutionsnew institutionstechnological advancementstechnological advancements
The NEW IMPERIALISM
• INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION• Invention of machineries which revolutionized
production• Improvement of transportation and
communication• Industrialized countries needed colonies for
source of raw materials and markets for finished products
DEFINITION• was a period from the 18th to the 19th century where
major changes in agriculture, manufacturing,
mining, and transport had a profound effect on the
socioeconomic and cultural conditions in the United
Kingdom. The changes subsequently spread throughout
Europe, North America, and eventually the world.
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
Manual Labourand
Draft-Animal-based Economy Machine-based Manufacturing
FOUR SETS OF CHANGESIndustrial Revolution
The Introduction of New Technology
The Use of the New Mineral Resources of
Energy
A Concentration of New Workers in
Factories
New Methods of Transportation
PART I
PART II
PART III
PART VI
I. INTRODUCTION OF NEW TECHNOLOGY
• Industrial Revolution introduced machines to
textile manufacturing, iron, printing,
papermaking, and engineering industries.
• The most significant machines were steam
engines and the machines used to make cloth.
A. TEXTILE MACHINERY• In 1765, James Hargreaves invented the Spinning
Jenny, automating weaving the warp in the weaving of cloth.
• In 1769, Richard Arkwright invented the Water powered – Frame which automated the weft.
• In 1779, Samuel Crompton invented the Spinning Mule, a combination of Hargreaves’ and Arkwright’s inventions, which automated the total weaving process.
The Spinning Jenny Water Powered Frame
Spinning Mule
B. STEAM ENGINE
• In 1775, James Watt invented the Steam
Engine which was used to raise minerals
from mines, provide heat for smelting iron
ore, and drive machines in textile mills.
II. NEW MINERAL SOURCES OF ENERGY
• Beginning in the eighteenth century, the
Industrial Revolution began to rely on coal
to produce the high temperatures needed
to smelt iron. Eventually it also became a
source of heat for the steam engine.
III. GROWTH OF FACTORIES
• Domestic System
• In the sixteenth century, businessmen began employing
families in the countryside to spin and weave.
• All members of the family participated in the
production.
• Businessmen provided the materials and were
responsible for manufacturing.
DEVELOPMENTS IN FACTORIES
• Large factories were more cost effective because it allowed
the concentration of workers and machines in one work
place
• Reduced transportation costs
• Allowed greater quality control
• The factory owner had greater control over the work force
and enforced stricter discipline
DEVELOPMENT IN FACTORIES
• It also made possible what the economist Adam
Smith called the "division of labor“, whereby
each person was responsible for one stage of
production, allowing for great increase in total
production. The workers needed no special skills
to operate the machines.
IV. NEW METHODS OF TRANSPORTATION
• Thousands of miles of canals and all-weather roads
were built in the eighteenth century.
• 1692, Languedoc Canal connects the Mediterranean
with the Bay of Biscay. 240 miles long, with 100 locks,
3 major aqueducts, 1 tunnel, and a summit reservoir.
• Canals were the first technology to allow bulk
materials to be easily transported across country.
NEW METHODS OF TRANSPORTATION
• The railroads were driven by coal-burning, steam-
power locomotives and provided quick, cheap
transportation to places inaccessible by water.
• The construction of railroads created a demand for iron
and for large numbers of workers and became a large
industry in its own right.
FACTORS FAVOURING THE INDUSTRIAL GROWTH
• Population Growth
• The population increase provided the large
supply of cheap labor needed by the
factories. It also provided an increase in
demand for manufactured goods.
FACTORS FAVOURING THE INDUSTRIAL GROWTH• Agricultural Productivity
• The process of enclosure allowed farmers and landlords to
fence in their fields and control production. They
introduced crop rotations that restored nutrients to the soil,
allowing for greater yield. They also began scientific
breeding to improve the quality of their herds. The result
was an increase in productivity with fewer agricultural
workers.
FACTORS FAVOURING THE INDUSTRIAL GROWTH
• Capital Formation and Accumulation
• came mostly from merchants engaged in
domestic and foreign trade, from landowners
who profited from their estates in Britain and
plantations in the colonies, and from banks.
FACTORS FAVOURING THE INDUSTRIAL GROWTH
• Technological Knowledge and Entrepreneurship
• Plenty of people had scientific knowledge to
mechanize the industry.
• A merchant capitalist class organized the
domestic system.
EFFECTS OF INDUSTRIAL GROWTH
• Demand from Consumers and Producers
• The demand for goods was created by
advertising, as well as by the increasing
ability of the working class to buy goods as
their purchasing power increased.
EFFECTS OF INDUSTRIAL GROWTH• Population and Economic Growth
• The population had consistently expanded as the greater
agricultural productivity permitted maintaining an adequate
food supply. The industrial economy had been able to employ
large numbers of workers.
• Standards of Living
• Employers kept wages low and utilized labor-saving devices.
EFFECTS OF INDUSTRIAL GROWTH• Women, Children and Industry
• The Industrial Revolution did not improve the status of
women. Their pay was too little to give them financial
independence or prestige, and they frequently were
under the control of the male workers or foremen.
• British Factory Act of 1833 enforced restrictions
against child labor.
EFFECTS OF INDUSTRIAL GROWTH• Class and Class Consciousness
• The Industrial Society was divided into three (3) classes:
• The aristocracy owned the land.
• The bourgeoisie owned capital enterprises and
gained their wealth from profits.
• The working class owned only their labor and
received wages.
SEED GRILL
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