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CULTURE-ENVIRONMENT PARITY IN DEVELOPMENT PLANNING
A WAY OF ECOLOGICAL BALANCE IN GROWING CITIES
BY
Keshav Nepal
Kathmandu, Nepalnepalkeshavraj@yahoo.com
ECOCITY WORLD SUMMIT 2008 PROCEEDINGS
2
Structure Of The Paper
Civilization vs Development
Development vs Culture
Environment and Culture Culture-Environment Parity in Planning
Development vs Environment
General Introduction
3
GENERAL OVERVIEW
Cities: venture improving the means and modes of human life
Success is devil: Cities pose threats to environment and to human life, both
Newer technologies and modernization also factors of worsening situation
THE GREAT PARADOX
The trend contributed to develop a psychology as if the development and environment has been mutually exclusive to each other.
Human civilization can never accept an option of either/or
4
THE NEED
Finding a development model in which both of the exclusives could thrive together.
Recognize the nature and natural systems as an integral component of the venture, rather than merely consumable.
Achieving lasting sustainability through incorporation of cultural parameters of consumer societies.
A unique approach: socio-technical approach for achieving ecological balance in growing cities.
5
NEW CONCEPTS
Growth disaster Environmental breakeven of development Organic city design City Antigens (City RH Factors) Ecological benefit Cultural shock of development.
6
THE CITY GENESIS
Urban systems -result of human “Struggle for Existence” Necessity is the Mother of Invention: Cities have been the best of comfortable domicile New urban form and feature, and a fairly wider
connotation of cities The ‘heaven of dream’ posing threats to the safety and
comfort A diagnostic analysis shows that it has come from the
human deeds Trespassers of rule of consensus of coexistence in
ecological systems Nature reacted in reprisal
7
8
World Urban Population, 1950-2005 with Projections to 2020
9
THE GTOWTH DISASTER
The more the growth of density and size of cities, the more stress on the ecological interface,
This impending growth generated disaster can be termed a ‘Growth Disaster’
HARDWARE CITY PLANNING VS CITY ANTIGENS
City designers had been well aware of the ‘Growth Disaster’ since long, Both east and west
Cultural design patterns in the east Garden city of Ebenezer Howard in the west Modern concept based in hardware arrangement:
creating the skeleton
10
CITY ANTIGENS (CITY Rh FACTORS): Transformation Drivers from Hardware Approach
The following city antigens should match in design for sustainable health of cities
One, Physical attributes of development form only city skeleton, Two, Cities survive only in system of settlements (city to city
relationship is complementary while urban-rural settlements maintain continuum relationship.
Three, City is not superior to natural systems; but is liable to obey the rules in those systems.
Four, City is not only the domicile of a biological human being; it is also the abode of culture and cultural beliefs.
Five, Only people do not live in cities; thousands of other members of the system of nature, both living and non-living, also constitute the city components.
Six and the Last, City as an additional member in the society of natural ecology, its rights and responsibilities should be defined.
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THE CITY- NATURE CONTINUUM
The six City ANTIGENS
transform hardware approach into Organic
and contribute to
create a synchronizing effect of
CITY-NATURE CONTINUUM (CNC).
12
ENVIRONMENTAL PURSUE OF DEVELOPMENT
The physical attributes of city development have inverse relationship with environmental attributes.
The dynamic nature of city development renders environmental qualities also dynamic
Curve of environmental balance assumes a descending nature with ascending nature of development, a source of Civilization Disaster.
The relationship visualized in the figures below.
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THE ENVIRONMENT VS DEVELOPMENT CROSSOVER
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ANALYSIS OF THE FIGURE Figure A represents the existing trend Environmental Breakeven of Development (EBoD), the Oval Blue The pink area: quantities of consumable resources within oval blue Consumption beyond the oval blue promotes civilization disaster Time dimension in determining the coordinate of Oval Blue The rapid the rate of resource consumption, the faster we arrive at
the point of oval blue with very little go-up of development Gradual rate of consumption: gives nature sufficient time for 'self
accommodation' either by assimilation or by regeneration Figure B visualizes the significance of self-regeneration, and, the
need of integrated ecological measures Maintaining the curve of environment in the upward direction is ideal,
which seems practically impossible due to various factors, most
importantly the replacement of biological natural system by inert
elements of physical development.
15
Analysis of Fig B
Practical approach to keep the descending gradient low Keeping the down gradient low is a time consuming process, more
time needed for self-adaptability
Significance of t0, t1 and t0+t1
Time lag of development, t1
Ecological Benefit, opportunity for sophisticated life The great paradox: we cannot abandon development to make
compromise with nature The best option keeping both curves in an ascending nature together At the worst, the environmental curve remaining horizontal with the
ascending nature of development The sustainability concept of is maintaining the curve of
environmental balance above EBoD.
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INERT BIOLOGY OF LIVING CITIES
Though cities appear inert, thriving cities have physiological processes Cities once created, start to bring people in. Cities generate people. Cities consume resources and produce excrement Cities have social life, that of linkages with other cities and hinterlands Lack of sufficient input or excessive effort laden to, makes it feel fatigue The hardware planning approach does not recognize the biological
characteristics of cities, it handles all urban elements in isolation as if
inert materials Mutual dependency of living and non-living things of nature and residing
human being in cities, both within and between, can ensure a lasting life
to cities and comfortable life to residents Newly growing cities should recognize the settlement society and city
culture City culture is an agglomeration of city organics and human culture
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GRAVITY OF CULTURE
Human being is the driver of development, but culture drives human beings. For cities, culture is the driver of its driver, the super driver
Culture is something that defines:The way we liveThe way we dieThe way we organize andThe way we perceive
Culture is one of deciding factors of human needs, then deeds People feel belongingness deeply to anything closely related to their
culture and customs Feeling belongingness also refers to the perseverance of caring and
sharing the importance of too Failure due lack of public participation, or because of lack of
belongingness Several cities thriving since centuries along the string of cultural ties
and customs People in developing countries can better understand the cultural
sense of sustainability, environmental preservation and like that
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CULTURE-ENVIRONMENT PARITY: A COURSE TO GO
The preventive and correctives measures producing little output Maslow’s model of needs- Culture comes in as dev. goes up Dynamic Model of Keshav Nepal: Culture in the Steering wheel
of Development program Development is a dynamic phenomenon, and so is the culture Dissimilar rate of change of development phenomenon and
culture The widening gap of the status of development and culture
generates darkening gray area The opacity can be called the Cultural Shock of Development
(CSD), an undesirable byproduct
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CONSEQUENCES OF CSD
Very strong cultural ties: may inhibit the outputs of development, or the developmental returns could also be used to further dogmatize the Cultural stagnancy.
Flexible cultural ties: development activity may prevail to cause cultural values to cease to bind the society in a string. This may lead to end the social cohesion promoting social disintegration.
Therefore, the ideal model of development would be to keep the opacity of CSD as low as possible,
This could be done only if cultural values have been considered in development planning
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Fig 3: Maslow's model of hierarchy of needsFig 3: Maslow's model of hierarchy of needs
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THE CULTURAL SHOCK OF DEVELOPMENT
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URBAN DEVELOPMENTPROGRAM
RE
SO
UR
CE
S
NEEDS &
DESIRES
EQUILIBRIUM OF FUNDAMENTAL FORCES OF URBAN DYNAMICS
EX
TER
NA
L E
CO
NO
MIC
INFL
UE
NC
E
EX
TER
NA
L TEC
HN
ICA
L
INFLU
EN
CE
EXTERNAL PHYSICAL INFLUENCE
CO
NS
TR
AIN
TS
CUTLTURE IN THE STEERING WHEEL
23
CONCLUSION
The developmental disparity between countries has put the developing
countries in a haste of making development happen fast.
The hasty approach more prone of producing environmental and
cultural problems
The ideal model can be a 'go together' with environmental issues.
The organic design model with considerations of dynamic
characteristics could help to find cohesive approach of development and
environment.
Environmental considerations are needed to make cities sustainable,
while incorporation of cultural parameters ensure effective
implementation and make the society responsible to design parameters
Therefore, culture-environment parity in development planning in
growing cities can be a best way for maintaining the ecological balance.
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THANK YOU
FOR YOUR
KIND ATTENTION !!!
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