effects of accidents

Effects of Industrial AccidentsEffects of Industrial Accidents

Industrial Core SectorIndustrial Core Sector • Energy & Power • Petroleum, Gas and

Chemical

• Metals, Minerals and Steel

• Cement

• Coal

• Storage (Raw Material - Solid, Liquid, Gases)

• Process Plant & Machinery

• Utilities ( Power, Steam, Nitrogen etc.)

• Finished Product

• People (Operation, Maintenance and Supporting Staff)

Industrial Domain

Industrial AccidentsIndustrial Accidents“Industrial Accidents are caused by chemical, mechanical, civil, electrical, or other process failures due to accident, negligence or incompetence, in an industrial plant which may spill over to the areas outside the plant causing damage to life and property.”

Industrial AccidentsIndustrial Accidents These may originate in:• Manufacturing and formulation installations

including during commissioning and process operations; maintenance and disposal.

• Material handling and storage in manufacturing facilities, and isolated storages; warehouses and godowns including tank farms in ports and docks and fuel depots.

• Transportation (road, rail, air, water, and pipelines).

• Fire

• Explosion

• Toxic release

• Poisoning

• Combinations of the above

Major Threats

• Process deviations i.e pressure, temperature & flow. • Parameters with regard to the state of the substance

i.e., solid, liquid or gas, proximity to other toxic substances.

• Runaway reaction.• Hardware failure, resulting in large-scale spills of

toxic substances.• Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapour Explosion (BLEVE)

on the chemicals during transportation.

PROBABLE CAUSES OF ACCIDENTS

• Electrical failure• Cutting and welding• Open flame• Carelessness• Poor housekeeping• Smoking• Sabotage

• Meteorology of the area, wind speed and direction, rate of precipitation, toxicity/quantity of chemical released, population in the reach of release, probability of formation of lethal mixtures and other industrial activities in vicinity.

COMPOUNDING OF EFFECTS OF ACCIDENTS

Impact of Industrial Impact of Industrial AccidentsAccidents

Living Organisms

Industrial Accidents

Environment Property

Humans Livestock Plants

Immediate, Short-termand Long-term Effects

Soil and Water Bodies Atmosphere

PollutionDeath, Injury, Disease and Disability

Major ConsequencesMajor Consequences Loss of life / injuries Impact on livestock Damage to Flora/fauna Environmental Impact (air, soil,water) Financial losses to industry.

FILXBOROUGH, 01.06.1974, UK

MEXICO CITY, 19.11.1984,

Bhopal Gas TragedyBhopal Gas Tragedy • Worst industrial disaster in history• 2,000 people died on immediate

aftermath• Another 13,000 died in next fifteen

years• 10-15 persons dying every month • 520,000 diagnosed chemicals in

blood causing different health complications

• 120,000 people still suffering from o Cancero Tuberculosiso Partial or complete blindness, o Post traumatic stress disorders,o Menstrual irregularities

• Rise in spontaneous abortion and stillbirth

Oil Rig ExplosionOil Rig Explosion

What could have What could have prevented these losses?prevented these losses?

RISK CONTROL MEASURES

• Physical Protection• Procedural Protection• Educational Protection

•Strict & Rigorous approach in following the Relevant Standards , Codes & Practices

•Built in Safety Devices and Safety System

•Venting through Tall stacks

•Field Monitors for Different Toxic Gases

•Burning Waste gases in a Flare System

Physical Protection

•Provision of Wind Cones

•Fire Proofing of Steel Structures

•PPE

•Passive Protection System

•Active Protection system

•Automatic Protection system

PROCEDURAL PROTECTION

•Fire Emergency Procedure

•Disaster Preparedness Plan

•Mutual Aid Scheme

•No Smoking Policy

•Investigation of All Accidents

•Hazard Identification through Safety Committee, House Keeping Committee, Safety audit Committee

•Conducting Plant Survey, safety survey

•Work Permit System

Contd.

• Safety promotional activities

• Information notes on unsafe conditions

• MSDS – Material Safety Data Sheet

• Annual Medical Check up of Employees

• Safe Start up & Shut Down Procedure

• Regular and Preventive Maintenance

• Periodic testing of Fire Fighting Appliances

•Periodic Training Program on Safety, Fire Safety and Hazardous properties of materials

•Mock Fire Drill

•Safety Manuals

•Health & Safety News Bulletins, leaflets

•Safety Motivation schemes

•Plant Operating Manual

•Educating the Public Living nearby about the activities in the industry

EDUCATIONAL PROTECTION

Thank you