efficient collection systems for municipal solid waste

Efficient Collection Systems for Municipal Solid Wastes Gisela Sommer

Waste Management Technician

Waste Agency of Catalonia, Spain

2 23/10/2014

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Objectives and Targets: EU

• Art 11: Separate collection of at least paper, metals, plastic, glass

implemented in 2015 Preparation for reuse and recycling of the above mentioned

materials increased to 50% in weight in 2020

• Art 22: Member States have to promote separate collection of bio-

waste and its recovery

Picture source: http://www.eniscuola.net/en/sustainability/contenuti/waste/left/the-waste-cycle/separate-collection/

Framework Directive 2008/98/EC

Efficient Collection Systems for Municipal Solid Wastes

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PRECAT 20:

Objectives and Targets: Catalonia

• Quantitative targets: Separate collection: 60% of all municipal waste generated in

2020 Preparation for reuse and recycling: 55% in weight of glass,

paper, metall, plastic, biowaste and other recyclables in 2020

• Qualitative targets: Biowaste: contaminant materials < 10 % in 2020 Mixed packaging waste: contaminant materials < 25 % in 2016

Efficient Collection Systems for Municipal Solid Wastes

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External Factors conditioning collection: Territory and Population

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Population Surface Density MunicipalitiesInhabitants km2 inhab/km2 No.

Catalonia 7.553.650 32.106 235 947

Metropolitan Area 3.228.569 636 5.076 36

Barcelona 1.611.822 101 15.959 1

Catalonia

Efficient Collection Systems for Municipal Solid Wastes

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External Factors: Topography and Type of Settlements

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External Factors: Topography and Type of Settlements

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External Factors: Urban Structure and Housing

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External Factors: Climate

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External Factors: Tourism

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Efficient Collection Systems for Municipal Solid Wastes

External Factors: Tourism

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External Factors: Administrational Organisation

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947 Municipalities Authorities responsible for MSW collection May delegate obligations to Consortia Consells Comarcals (County Councils) Associations of municipalities Etc.

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Catalonia: Municipal Waste Composition

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Separate collection of: Light packaging Glass Paper&cardboard Organic Fraction (biowaste)

Biological Treatment

Rest Fraction (mixed residual waste) Mechanical Biological Treatment Landfill Incineration

Analysis 2013

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Catalonia: Municipal Waste Generation

Efficient Collection Systems for Municipal Solid Wastes

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Collection of wastes subject to Extended Producer‘s Responsibility (EPR)

Packaging waste In collaboration with municipal collection service

WEEE Batteries Medicines Tyres Mineral oils

Collection partly through 338 Civic Amenity Sites run by local authorities, retailers, pharmacies, car repair shops

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Collection by or on behalf of the local authorities

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Bring Systems:

Bring banks

Underground Containers Efficient Collection Systems for Municipal Solid Wastes

In public areas

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Established by municipalities in their ordinances

Most common features:

daily On an established day of the month when full

Collection frequency

Collection by or on behalf of the local authorities

Bring Systems:

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Collection schedules

Established by municipalities in their ordinances Most common features:

At night During the day To avoid traffic disturbance

To reduce noise disturbance

Collection by or on behalf of the local authorities

Bring Systems:

Efficient Collection Systems for Municipal Solid Wastes

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Collection by or on behalf of the local authorities Bring Systems

Pneumatic collection

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Collection by or on behalf of the local authorities Bring Systems

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346 Drive-in Sites

470 Civic Amenity Sites (CAS)

41 Green points in neighbourhoods

83 Mobile CAS

Efficient Collection Systems for Municipal Solid Wastes

Citizens deposit separated wastes at their door step

Collection by or on behalf of the local authorities Fetch System: Door-to-Door Collection

Efficient Collection Systems for Municipal Solid Wastes

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Collection by or on behalf of the local authorities

Door-to-Door Collection Schemes

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Strategic Fractions

Complementary collection

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Fraction Collection of domestic and

commercial waste

Additional collection of

commercial waste Biowaste 3 – 4 / week 1 / week Mixed residual waste 1 – 2 / week 1 / week Paper 1 / week 1 / week Mixed Packaging 2 / week Glass 1 / week Multiproduct (paper + mixed packaging)

2 / week

Residu Mínim (mixed pack. + residual w.)

2 / week

Green waste 1 – 2 / month Cooking oils 1 / month Bulky waste 1 – 2 / month

Collection frequency

Collection by or on behalf of the local authorities Door-to-Door

Efficient Collection Systems for Municipal Solid Wastes

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Example: 5 Fractiones D-t-D

Efficient Collection Systems for Municipal Solid Wastes

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Door-to-Door Collection

Municipal ordinances

Separation at source obligatory

Circuits and timetables

Collection fees

Commercial Waste

Collection by or on behalf of the local authorities

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Home and Community Composting

2013

428 Municipalities

5.800 t of Biowaste treated

in Individual Composters

and Community Composters

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New Challenges

Economic Situation causes • Scavenging of paper and metal • Break ins in Civic Amenity Sites • Canibalization of WEEE

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Catalonia: Separate Collection 2013

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Total MSW amount 2013:

2.226.819 t 373.828 t 262.427 t 158.240 t 127.574 t

3.588.635 t

23/10/2014

10,6% 7,3% 4,4% 3,6% 12,1% 62,1%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Separately collected Residual waste

Efficient Collection Systems for Municipal Solid Wastes New target [PRECAT20]

in 2020

475 kg/inh./y

49,5 kg/inh./y

34,7 kg/inh./y

21,0 kg/inh./y

16,9 kg/inh./y

294,8 kg/inh./y

Civic Amenity Site

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Catalonia‘s 41 Counties: MSW Generation and Separate Collection 2013: kg/inh/y

Tourism

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Catalonia‘s 41 Counties: Separate Collection 2013: in %

Door-to-Door collection widely extended

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Catalonia‘s 41 Counties: Separate Collection 2013: Biowaste, paper, glass and packaging (kg/inh./y)

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Catalonia‘s 41 Counties: Gross and Nett Separate Collection 2013: in %

Counties with Door-to-Door Collection

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External Factors Climate

Territory

Urban structure

Social structure

Economic situation

Etc.

Conclusions:

Waste related factors Waste composition

Competences with respect to MSW

Existence of legal instruments

Existence of financial instruments

Existence of EPR schemes

Etc.

MSW Collection depends on

Efficient MSW Collection should combine several systems

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Door-to-Door Collection

More information

ASSOCIATION OF CATALAN MUNICIPALITIES FOR DOOR-TO-DOOR COLLECTION

Handbook about door to door selective waste collection in spanish language

Report: Economic balance of door-to-door and road containers waste collection for local authorities and proposals for its optimisation

Videos: Door-to-Door Selective Collection (4 min.) Door-to-Door Selective Collection and waste prevention (14 min.) Door-to-Door Selective collection (en Catalán, 9 min.)

Separate Collection of MSW in Catalonia

MSW Statistics in Catalonia

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