egypt “the gift of the nile”
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EGYPT “THE GIFT OF THE NILE”
SSWH1 The student will analyze the origins, structure, and interactions of complex societies in the ancient Eastern Mediterranean from 3500 BCE – 500 BCEB. Describe the relationship of religion and political authority in Ancient Egypt.E. Explain the development and importance of writing; include cuneiform, hieroglyphics, and the Phoenician alphabet.
EGYPTIAN GEOGRAPHY
EGYPTIAN GEOGRAPHYMAP – PAGE A17 & 36 Nile River – annual flood, predictable
Used irrigation ditches to water crops Natural barriers – deserts on both sides Delta – triangle shaped land at mouth of
river
GOVERNMENT:THE PHARAOH God-kings
Absolute/unlimited power
Theocracy – government is based on religious authority
EGYPTIAN SOCIAL LIFE
Pharaohpriests, gov’t
officials, army commanders,
wealthy landowners
merchants, artisans
poor farmers, laborers, slaves
Could gain higher status
RELIGION Polytheistic
Ra – sun god (main god)
Akhenaten (1364-1347 BCE) – monotheism w/ Ra as only god
RaEgyptian sun god
MUMMIFICATION Belief in afterlife
Mummification(embalm & dry corpse to prevent decay)
Anubis God & guide of underworld
Devourer of Souls
WRITING Hieroglyphics: Egyptian
pictograph writing
Papyrus : plant Egyptian’s used as paper
GOVERNMENT Unified kingdom & build
pyramids from 3000 BCE to 2180 BCE – Old Kingdom
2040 BCE – 1640 BCE Middle Kingdom (strong pharaohs, prosperity)
1570 BCE – 1075 BCE New Kingdom(built empire, power, wealth)
1200 BCE Empire declined & controlled Kush & Assyrians
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