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ISSN 1882-0190
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STUDIES IN ENGLISH LITERATURE
Konan Women’s University
& ' ( ' )
Volume 44 * + , , - . /
0 1 2 3 4 # ! " # 5
Konan Women’s University English Literature Society
!"#$%&'&()* +, Issued March 31st, 2008
67 7 7 8
Contents
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7 7 7 7 7 ...............................................................QR7 S3 .........1
The Incense-Clad Prayers: The Repentance of Adam and Eve in
Milton’s Paradise Lost
7 7 7 7 7 ...................................................KURATSUNE Sumiko
EATUJKVWX<YZ[\U]^_U`ADabc
7 7 7 7 7 ............................................................de7 fg3 .......15
Elizabeth Gaskell’s Views of Education Found in Ruth
7 7 7 7 7 .................................................... KOSHIKAWA Naoko
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7 7 7 7 7 ............................................................lm7 nop .......24
Charles Dickens, Christmas Stories
7 7 7 7 7 ........................................ Tr. By FUJIMOTO Takayasu
1
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The Incense-Clad Prayers: The Repentance of Adam and Eve
in Milton’s Paradise Lost
QR S3
Sumiko KURATSUNE
1. q
rsCt@ABC (John Milton, 1608-74) DuvwxyEFGHIJ(Paradise Lost, 1667, z{
PL |}) ~��� 12 �D��K��@�YA (Michael) K�<����>��WX��<�
�D�|�W���X�@�YA�����NO����� (Adam) K ���¡D¢�K�
£�3¤~¥<¦§�:�¨©�ª«<��¬X�®�¯X<�|�°±4²³´µ¶·�
¸¹º»~¥<�¼½¾¿��& 11�D�À|�Á¹Â��D4À�Ã�·� 1,000ĵÅÆ
<u4�~¥<��Ç~�& 11�DÈɹ¹>K�Ê 150ĵËÌ��Í�DÎÏDYÐÑT
Ò�Ó�X��<�¡���ÎϵÔÕÖ×�Í� (Noah) �ØÙDP>µÚ����Û��
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2. ÎÏ
D. C. �ôC (D. C. Allen) ��õöDÎÏ÷�³´Ìø#DùúKìû�üD�°Kýþ�
X�Õ��µ�ü£�ÿ!DÇ~�PLKLM<ÎÏDYÐÑTÒKL��î6«"Õ#K�¡
Du�µ$���<�PL~�@�YAD��KL�������W%ZUB (Christ) &|ñ²
�<¦â´��>��WX<��¡DÇ~�'(¦)~¥<�*+,� (Abraham) Ì�-.
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“The interesting thing about Milton’s account of the Flood is not the subject matter but the
length. . . . It may be that Milton found the story of Noah more artistically attractive; and
moreover it was always considered one of the best allegorical adumbrations of the life and
ministry of Christ. On the other hand, it was, as we have observed, one of the stories of the
Old Testament that was most in doubt. This was a sort of special honor it shared with the
Creation and the story of Adam and Eve. If I am right in assuming that one reason why
Milton wrote Paradise Lost was to affirm his belief in these legends, then I think we are
justified in suggesting that this was likewise his purpose when he described the Flood at such
length and with such careful orthodoxy.” (Allen 154)
ëë~�ôC��°�°K�æ6KÎÏ÷��7|8Ôµ9°ë|�W�%ZUBDÔ:|�
;D<=|��D>?Ã��@É�ABCKç��X<�D~¥<��DEK�üXFü'(
~¥£���GHIÌ���|YJ (Eve) D)K|DL�³´Cø#C²MNO�Pç�Q�
xR~¥<�@ABCD PL STUVDW|ñ�ëXWDXY&DZ[\ç~¥£�²W]�
ÎϵëXFüu¹�ñ^_CK¼��`a��¡X|DLD`a~¥b°�|�ôC��c
���<�PL �¡DdeK¥<�°K����|YJD�ªµfg|�� (“Of man’s first
disobedience” PL 1.1)��Dh`µP�¡DiD^��µ¦jK�«ë|µ6k« (“I may assert
the eternal providence, / And justify the ways of God to men” PL 1.26) |�°çl²>mD�|Kÿ
�X��<�|«<|�¡D!Ç~DÎÏ÷Dno²K>A��üD�°²>?µ�£��<
Dpb°��
7 à¬�ÎÏD¢q|rðµls«<�õö~DÎÏD¢q��tGuK¦Dá�v��wKá
�ë|]�>µxKy�m£��<Dµz{K²£��GuK¦µI£�ë|µ�|��xµ
}É~����t�WD¸ÆK���GK�:��<~ë|µ�����̦§pM~²¹ÔÕ
)«"�µGu�W���b°|���W~¥<*Gen. 6.5-6, 13/�¡D�Í�|���:�7
µ�X�D����tëD��DÇ~¥²�pM����K�°¦p|�����sÉ��<~
�W~¥< (Gen. 7.1)�ëë~����K�:�Guµæ�«"���«<ë|��m�X�
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+TB 200/��jD§D����Dß�¥<���ZYCB��~���«<�|°��
²<ÞÃ�¥>��|��¡¬��æ¢CK ì���<|�£�¤X²�*��T¥¦U
206/��|Æ]�§¢/(¨�§©Dª9|�X<�«�ÒK¬^A®¯° (Gilgamesh) w
xy~��YCZA (Enlil) ��±D�j|m£�ÎÏ~¦§µ²³�·�°|«<��Y�
(Ea) �DVè~´BµÐ¯°¶·� (Ut-napishtim) |¡D���ÔÕÖ×�¡��Ô�¸D�
�µ¹£�º<YCZAK ��Y���¦â�²|�°»Ó�y¼�½p|��²É��<
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(Atra-hasis) |�°¿¸D)K~���j�¾»�:DÀÁµÂë<�ÉK¦§µI£��D
D�¡D��vÆ�Äj�¹²£�DµÅ��Lj²ÆÇ~¦§D²³µm<��¡D�K±
D��WDÈ�~¦§�ÔÕÖ×��< (É 167-90)�ëXWK2"<|�õöDÎÏ÷KL�
���¦§Dá|¡XK «<Ê�DËÌK�Í<Î�²��
7 PL ~�@�YADÏçK¥<�°K����¨©��ª��¦§�:Dе¶��txµ}
É�Ñ��|DoµÒÆ~�¡D�°²��²��µæÛ��°|��ÎϵÓë« (PL
11.886-87)�¡���Ô¦K�üÕ²Ö���¡°~²�¸K�üÕ²��×£��<�µ��
�K�«�ÉK�@�YA�Ø¿Ù|��ÎÏDYÐÑTÒµ��ÚÉ<D~¥< (“. . . to
show thee what reward / Awaits the good, the rest what punishment; / Which now direct thine eyes and
soon behold.” PL 11.709-11/�ëD�°KÎÏDE#à~���µÛ·]��NÜÝÞ��¹<
�¬~¥£��
7 |ëb��ßA,AB]��Ct+TB (Gerhard von Rad) �kà«<�°K�õöKL��
��á¦~¥<ë|µâÕã·²�¦§K ���ëDÎϵèV|���D ìDäåKæ
��¶WX<*��Ct+TB 198/��ª�����ÎÏ~æÛ�X��~��ç�¦§�«
"�Ô¦|²X<�M~�²¹�²L��W�twKá�ë|]�>µxKy�è£��<~
ë|���Y¹Du~¥<�ëDé�Kê«<`a�ÎÏD/�~æ�£��²�K�ë�W
¬�����|Æì��^µÄ²°¦§�¥<K·��¨�|Gµí°ë|��²�|xKî
°D~¥<�æ6K�¦§K�²�²�ï>ÕX²�ðÊDñ�µ�Ì��òó²ô~ªõ«
<D�ÛÊD¦YU (Jesus) ~¥<|�X<� (Jer. 31.31-32, Matt. 5.17)�ö²¹|�ÎÏz�
��¦§�ÔµâÕ|L·²¹���¡Õ²¦§K «<²³|�°��«~K¡÷|��X
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õöD���Í��øùu~úÕû¹���üøDýÉD=>µ��pD:x~K<�¦§
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|�¡DÜÊD�<���þK��<Ý~¥<*Gen. 9.12-17/�
And Noah builded an altar unto Lord; and took of every clean beast, and of every clean
fowl, and offered burnt offerings on the altar. And the Lord smelled a sweet savor; and the
Lord said in his heart, I will not again curse the ground any more for man’s sake; for the
imagination of man’s heart is evil from his youth: neither will I again smite any more every
thing living, as I have done. (Gen. 8.20-21) 1
Ú�)D=>��&;>���¡XµÿM!<|�°¼½����ZYCBDâ"÷K���
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0D¢1|V²�X��< (1 Pet. 3.21)�¡���¦j��|Æ2QK3£���ÝDÊ4µ
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&¨¦[?KL����t8×GuKÍ�DÎϵӫë|�²�|¥D|Õî�@ìà���
��î°@8×¥²�µA>�BÉ<ë|�²��|~(Isa. 54.9) |�°��WD£(µ>×
«<ë|��CDµE>dÆ�Z[µFÁ«<¦jDxDGÆ�HI|��J�X��<*ë
�E¦[?öJ 171/�ðÊõö��ZYCB��| ²<#|���^áDKæ�KGÆWX
�¦U+YADLDt0´~|�°M#�$�WX<|L>~¥<*Hooke 117; ¾m 377/�
7 PL~��{ND)O~@�YA��°�°K���tì~�¡DA>µPÕ~¾WQÉ�L
WX<~D~¥>�t�ª��¸�:�R¹S�X�ëDKæ¦Dá�Õ¦§��Dz/K4�
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So willingly doth God remit his ire,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . yet those remove,
Such grace shall one just man find in his sight,
That he relents, not to blot out mankind,
And makes a Covenant never to destroy
The earth again by flood. . . . (PL 11.885, 889-93)
�p� PL KL����Í��8D�°KØÙDP>µÚ�<��õöDH�NK¥<�°
²üøD$%Kë«<¼½Ì=>~��xµýÉ<¼½�¼�X��²��
Then with uplifted hands, and eyes devout,
Grateful to heaven, over his head beholds
A dewy cloud, and in the cloud a bow
Conspicuous with three listed colours gay
Betok’ning peace from God and covenant new. (PL 11.863-67)
3. 9:;<P>
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Thus they in lowliest plight repentant stood
Praying, for from the mercy-seat above
Prevenient grace descending had remove
The stony from their hearts, and made new flesh
Regenerate grow instead, that sighs now breathed
Unutterable, which the spirit of prayer
Inspired, and winged for heaven with speedier flight
Than loudest oratory: . . . (PL 11.1-8)
7 ëDED¨¦����²D~�Îϵ��X�á¦Í�|�9Þ� ²<�����PLKL
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àX��&|a×9ñ�ÛÊK���|Ʀ�P<"Õ£(µ¹W²¹��õ²<`V¬�W
�S>ª��¹X<|�°¹p>�¥<� (Rom 8.26-27)�̈ ¦DP>�à�K`D�µb>�
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. . . To heaven their prayers
Flew up, nor missed the way, by envious winds
Blown vagabond or frustrate: in they passed
Dimensionless through heavenly doors; then clad
With incense, where the golden altar fumed,
By their great intercessor, came in sight
Before the Father’s throne: them the glad Son
Presenting, thus to intercede began. (PL 11.14-21)
yz|��ù�X��WDP>��ì~��ÎÏ�K�DxµVW��¥DõöDüøµy
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See Father, what first fruits on earth are sprung
From thy implanted grace in man, these sighs
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And prayers, which in this golden censer, mixed
With incense, I thy priest before thee bring,
Fruits of more pleasing savour from thy seed
Sown with contrition in his heart, than those
Which his own hand manuring all the trees
Of Paradise could have produced, ere fallen
From innocence. . . . (PL 11.22-30)
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��X�EK�«"�Dõ²<¸�:DP>����D�ñnD=��WD�||�KøùK
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. . . yet their [i.e. Adam and Eve’s] port
Not of mean suitors, nor important less
Seemed their petition, than when the ancient pair
In fables old, less ancient yet than these,
Deucalion and chaste Pyrrha to restore
The race of mankind drowned, before the shrine
Of Themis stood devout. . . . (PL 11.8-14)
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. . . a creature who not prone
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And brute as other creatures, but endued
With sanctity of reason, might erect
His stature, and upright with front serene
Govern the rest, self-knowing, and from thence
Magnanimous to correspond with heaven, (PL 7.506-11)
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Among unequals what society
Can sort, what harmony or true delight?
Which must be mutual, in proportion due
Given and received; . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . of fellowship I speak
Such as I seek, fit to participate
All rational delight, wherein the brute
Cannot be human consort; . . . (PL 8.383-86, 389-92)
@ABC�EúûêJ(The Doctrine and Discipline of Divorce, 1643) KL����¡¢D§Küý
²KW� (“cherful [sic] conversation”) �ª9«<ë|µ¦É�� (CPW 2.328)�¡D/þK�ë
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�YA�ë°aÆ<���WHÉ (Comforter) �%WX��¡X�õ` (Spirit) |���WD
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. . . but from heaven
He to his own a Comforter will send,
The promise of the Father, who shall dwell
His Spirit within them, and the law of faith
Working through love, upon their hearts shall write,
To guide them in all truth, and also arm
With spiritual armour, able to resist
Satan’s assaults, and quench his fiery darts,
What man can do against them, not afraid,
Though to the death, against such cruelties
With inward consolations recompensed,
And of supported so as shall amaze
Their proudest persecutors: . . . (PL 12.485-97)
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��¡DÄݵ�ü£��<�«²�:�@�YAD���£�'ÆX]t©D¹\~K�£
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!�deK “Of man’s first disobedience” µfg|�� “justify the ways of God to men” «<ë
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How didst thou grieve thou, Adam, to behold
The end of all thy offspring, end so sad,
Depopulation; thee another flood,
Of tears and sorrow a flood thee also drowned,
And sunk thee as thy sons; till gently reared
By the angel, on thy feet thou stoodst at last,
Though comfortless, as when a father mourns
His children, all in view destroyed at once;
And scarce to the angel utterdst thus thy plaint. (PL 11.754-62)
ëë~¼½�X<�¾~D3¤D²³µ6DN�>K«<���D����¾WDEFC��
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. . . whose voice divine
Following, above the Olympian hill I soar,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . Up led by thee
Into the heav’n of heav’ns I have presumed,
An earthly guest, and drawn empyreal air,
Thy tempering; with like safety guided down
Return me to my native element:
QR7 57 9:;<=>??@ABCDEFGHIJKLM<NODP>7
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Lest from this flying steed unreined (as once
Bellerophon, though from a lower clime),
Dismounted, on the Aleian field I fall
Erroneous, there to wander and forlorn. (PL 7.2-3, 12-20)
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1. !"~Dõö�WD)O�King James Version�V"~D)O�ÛODpõöK�<�à� PLDpKë����_
pµyK�¡(Kìû�µ¶DNæµÄ²£��
2. mê~��@ABCD7�K·_9��$%�XÚÉ��?,´�"ö*J/Ìø¸"ö*P/|�°"�C¹4��
3K¡(�²�õ>'M�²�ë||«<�:²VK�ÎÏ�DYÐÑTÒKL��ÜÊ|�°K�O�WX��
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ô¦[T 78; ë�EH�NJ 166/�
3. �p�@ABC�Í�Düø¾¿µº÷�����M~�²¹�»¼KnX<ÔÕ)K�ñ��¬ñ|�°�ü
øµò¼KnX�¼½µnX��< (PL 11.735)�õö~��JKL���[·D·¸ODU)µ<÷���<�É�
½�U)µ�ñ��¬ñ�½¹²�U)µæñ��¬ñ|²��L>�æåP~�0T1z/Dø$µsɲ��
É�«"�DÔÕ)µæñ��¬ñ|²���< (Gen. 6.19, 7.2)�
4.DLK�õö~���ª/D���|YJK «<t¾É��vÆ�~|�°£(��ÎÏ�K8�Í��:K
���ÆWX (Gen. 1.28, 9.7)�ëX�ÝDÜÊDA/~KWX��<Dp��ëXK�>¦âD8*ù�>\�X�
�|¦§|DëZDr×A��+,ÝMWX<�æåPL~�t¾É��vÆ�~|�°\¹�KWX�LW¬�
@�YAD��DÇ~ì¿�X��<D��t2D�À�W�®�ÔàX<~|�°Á£~¥< (PL 12.327)�ë
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5. @ABC�Ea5_FD`aJ(The Reason of Church Government, 1641) KL���ÄÅ|�°ZuDÜÊD�|~
��¦��|æ¿|²>��|Dó�> (“fellowship”) µ�ñë|�7àX<�|K£��< (CPW 1.837)�ëX
��ÛÊKLM<��|z3Dó�>*KJV~� “fellowship”/µ¦D§K����°|�°>mKãû< (1 John
1.3)�
)PÆÇ
Allen, Don Cameron. The Legend of Noah. Urbana: U of Illinois P, 1963.
Ariosto, Ludovico. Orlando Furioso. Trans. Guido Waldman. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1983.
Hill, Christopher. Milton and the English Revolution. London: Faber and Faber, 1977.
Hooke, S. H. Middle Eastern Mythology. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1963.
Milton, John. Complete Prose Works of John Milton. Ed. Don M. Wolfe. 8 vols. New Haven: Yale UP,
1953-82. (CPW|}N)
---. Paradise Lost. Ed. Alastair Fowler. 2nd ed. London: Longman, 1998.
Prince, F. T. “On the Last Two Books of Paradise Lost.” Ed. C. A. Patrides. Milton’s Epic Poetry:
Essays on Paradise Lost and Paradise Regained. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1967. 233-48.
´�A^Z´Uÿ�È_ÉÊÈpE�Y�T¦UJ&æ��ËÌ"Í�1991�
4ñ�EðÊõö|¹�JNHK+¦*+ZT�Îm�%Ï5�2000�
ÉбpE���ZYCBÑJÒÓ��"#4·Ô�ÒÓöÕ�1978�
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