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of TechnologyEindhoven UniversityAID ’98
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Jos van LeeuwenEindhoven University of Technology
Harry WagterP2-Managers, The Netherlands
Robert OxmanTechnion, Israel
A Features Frameworkfor Architectural
Information
A Features Frameworkfor Architectural
Information
of TechnologyEindhoven UniversityAID ’98
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Content of the presentationContent of the presentation
• Dynamic Nature of Design
• Evolution of Information models
• Feature-Based Modelling
• Features Framework
• Conclusion & Current work:Design Systems development
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design as problem solving design as rational decision
making design as information process design as pattern recognition
Yet another (un-)satisfactory paradigm for design thinking?Yet another (un-)satisfactory paradigm for design thinking?
design as a dynamic process
[Cross1998]
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Design is dynamic because of:
• ill- defined problems,• creative processes in design,
Dynamic Nature of Design(1)Dynamic Nature of Design(1)
• development of designers, and• development of B&C industry.
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Design = problem solving
concurrent activities of• generating,• manipulating,• interpreting, and• evaluating information.
Dynamic Nature of Design(2)Dynamic Nature of Design(2)
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Information is not treated asstatic data:
content and structure are constantly changing.
Information models fordesign supportmust allow
(re-)defining and(re-)structuring information
Dynamic Nature of Design(3)Dynamic Nature of Design(3)
Evolution of Information ModelsEvolution of Information Models
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Extensibilityof Information Models
Extensibilityof Information Models
The conceptual model allows for definition of new entities:
• to evolve with a designer’s style,
• for specific building projects,
• for new techniques, methods, materials, or productse.g. industrial construction systems.
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Flexibilityof Information Models
Flexibilityof Information Models
Flexibility is also required in the instantiated models.
Flexibility is required byextensibility and modifications to the conceptual model.
BricksBricks
WoodWood
Segment2Segment2
BricksBricks
BricksBricks
BricksBricks
Segment1Segment1
BricksBricksBricksBricksWallWall
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Content of the presentationContent of the presentation
• Dynamic Nature of Design
• Evolution of Information models
• Feature-Based Modelling
• Features Frameworkfor Architecture
• Conclusion & Current work:Design Systems development
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Feature-Based Modelling (1)Feature-Based Modelling (1)
Developed in mechanical engineering:• group technology codes,
manufacturing process plans, numerical control programming, …
• high level entities of information with a semantic meaning for engineering.
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Feature-Based Modelling (2)Feature-Based Modelling (2)
Main purpose is to describe the shape of product-parts in Form Features,but classifications also include:• Precision Features,• Material Features,• Assembly Features,• Pattern Features, ...
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Form Features
Examples of typical Form Featuresin mechanical engineering
ribs
depression
pattern Feature compound Feature:blind hole +through hole
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Feature-Based Modelling (2)Feature-Based Modelling (2)
Main purpose is to describe the shape of product-parts in Form Features,but classifications also include:• Precision Features,• Material Features,• Assembly Features,• Pattern Features, ...
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Feature-Based Modelling (3)Feature-Based Modelling (3)
Feature Libraries are not limited sets, but new types of Features can be defined.
The structure of Feature Models is not predefined: relationships are determined during design.
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Feature-Based Modelling (4)Feature-Based Modelling (4)
In Architecture, a more extensive approach is necessary, including:• physical building parts• non-physical concepts• different levels of abstraction
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A Features FrameworkA Features Framework
Information infrastructure for:
• evolution of information models along with design
• formalisation of design knowledge by definition of modelling entities
• flexible relationships within the structure of information models
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Conceptual model of Feature Types
three layered modelthree layered modelA Features FrameworkA Features Framework
Meta Layer:classes of Feature Types &
classes of Feature Instances
Feature Model, describing a particular design in Feature Instances
Generic Feature Types
defines format of
Specific Feature Types
specialisation
instantiated into
instantiatedinto
Type Com ponent
Instance Com ponent
Com ponent
Space
Room
AreaRa re a
Room : Office1
Area: Area1RusableFloorArea
Wall: WallC
enclosingWall[2]
complex Room(Space) {Assoc Wall enclosedBy [0:?];Spec Function function[1:?];
}
complex Room(Space) {Assoc Wall enclosedBy [0:?];Spec Function function[1:?];
}
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standardisation ofGeneric Feature Types
standardisation ofGeneric Feature Types
A Features FrameworkA Features Framework
Form Features
Physical Features Context Features
Procedural Features
Life-Cycle Features
Morphological Features
Topological Features
Geometrical Features
Compositional Features
Material Features
Composition performance Features
Design conceptual relation Features
Interface Features
Performance dependency Features
Planning Features
Preparation Features
Integration Features
Functionality Features
Operation Features
Maintenance Features
Security Features
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activities in FBMactivities in FBMA Features FrameworkA Features Framework
domain knowledge
design project knowledge
FeatureType
1
FeatureType
Library
2
Feature Model
4
Feature instance
3
3
3 Instantiation
1 Formalisation
2 Classification
4 Modelling
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classes of Feature Types& classes of Feature Instancesclasses of Feature Types& classes of Feature Instances
A Features FrameworkA Features Framework
FeatureType (abs)
D ate
Author
Descrip tion
typeDate
typeAuthor
typeDescr3,1[specialisation]
3,2 Handler FeatureType
behaviour S[0:?]
2,1TypeID
typeID
definition of the class FeatureType
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Subclasses of FeatureTypeSim ple
FeatureType
Enum eration FeatureType
Com plex FeatureType
G eom etric FeatureType
1
BaseType
Unitunit
enumeration L[1:?] Enum eratedItem
STRING
4,1 Com ponent
7,1 Param.Geometry
has S[0:?]
superTypeSuperType 2,1 TypeID
String; Integer;
Real; Boolean
default
3,1 (1)
Constra in t FeatureType
HandlerFeatureType
param.geom etry
Procedure
event
handler3,2 (1)
8,1 ConstraintSolver
solver
EventID
5,2 S impleDomaindomain
6,2 S im pleDefault
6,3 EnumD efault
typeID
5,4 ComplexDomain
5,3 EnumDomaindomain
baseType
6,4 Com plexD efault
domain
default
default
subclasses of the class
FeatureType
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relationshipsrelationshipsA Features FrameworkA Features Framework
• specialisation
• decomposition
• association
• specification
can be defined at the conceptual level only
may be defined at both conceptual and instance level
All relationships are referencesfor reasons of flexibility.
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relationshipsrelationshipsA Features FrameworkA Features Framework
Example of ‘shared’ Features.
Space:R oom 21
Space:R oom 22
Space:R oom 23
Function:"O ffice"S
Function:"Assem bly Rm "S
function
function
function
Tem perature:19R
dayTemp
dayTemp
dayTemp
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instance level relationshipsinstance level relationshipsA Features FrameworkA Features Framework
Escape Routepasses through
fire res.Fire Resist.Fire Door
Escape Route
passes trough
Fire Resist.
fire res.
Door
Hinge Colour
hinges S[0:?]
FireResist.:Res30
fi re re s .
Door:door12
Hinge:h inge12t
Hinge:hinge12b
Colour:green
hinges[1]
hinges[2]
colour
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Issues being / to be addressedIssues being / to be addressed
approaches to support knowledge formalisation: recognition searching matching
consistency management various ways of reasoning
(e.g. decision support, evaluation, inference) version management and mapping constraint testing & solving ownership & responsibility data exchange standardisation
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Design & Decision Support Systemsin Architecture & Urban PlanningDesign & Decision Support Systemsin Architecture & Urban Planning
Design Systems developmentDesign Systems development
imulations
nteractive
V R
D I
S
irtual
eality
nformation
ystem
istributedesign
nformation
ystem
esign
imulations
nteractive
istributed
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Design Systems developmentDesign Systems development
InteractiveDesign System
Design support for the total life-cycle of a building
• Consult design knowledge
• Check against standards/rules
• Simulate product behaviour
• Simulate user behaviour
designer
design system
ANSYS structural analysis
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Design Systems developmentDesign Systems development
DistributedInterdisciplinary
Design System• Design system for a
distributed environment
• Design system for a inter-disciplinary design process
• Consistent information handling
• Design management research
designer A
design system
designer B
design system
designer C
design system
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Design Systems developmentDesign Systems development
• VR environment to register the behaviour of users
(building/urban environment)
• Evaluate behaviour and information handling
• Technical infrastructure development
• Tool development
designer A
design system
user X
design system
user Y
design system
InteractiveDistributed
InterdisciplinaryDesign System
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Design Systems developmentDesign Systems development
design system
design system
design system
1
VR Interface for design
2
Feature-based modelling
3
Design Studio of the Future
1 Virtual Reality hardware & software
2 Information modelling techniques
3 Development and testing in education
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