electricity supply in alaska frank abegg, pe fairbanks, alaska april 2006 frank abegg, pe fairbanks,...

Electricity Supply

in Alaska

Electricity Supply

in Alaska

Frank Abegg, PE

Fairbanks, Alaska

April 2006

Frank Abegg, PE

Fairbanks, Alaska

April 2006

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Utilities 1,778 MW

Industry 822 MW

Defense 181 MW

TotalTotal 2,781 MW2,781 MW

Utilities 1,778 MW

Industry 822 MW

Defense 181 MW

TotalTotal 2,781 MW2,781 MW

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Alaska’s Electric Generating CapacityAlaska’s Electric Generating CapacityAlaska’s Electric Generating CapacityAlaska’s Electric Generating Capacity

Alaska’s Electric Capacity Utility & Non-Utility

Alaska’s Electric Capacity Utility & Non-Utility

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Installed Electric Utility Capacity (1960 - 1995)

Types of Power Generating Facilities Types of Power Generating Facilities in Alaskain Alaska

Types of Power Generating Facilities Types of Power Generating Facilities in Alaskain Alaska

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Alaska Electric Utilities MapAlaska Electric Utilities Map

Utility Power Output - 1995

(GWH/Year)

Region Hydro Oil Gas Coal Total

Southcentral 843 53 2,605 - 3,501

Southeast 614 101 - - 715

Yukon - 193 - 309 502

Arctic-NW - 106 55 - 161

Southwest 2 137 - - 139

Total 1,459 590 2,660 309 5,018

% Mix 29% 12% 53% 6%

Electric Supply Alternatives for

Industry in Alaska

• On Site Generation– Central Power Plant– Cogeneration Option (Heat and

Power)

• Electric Utility Transmission Grid

Electric Transmission Grid in Southcentral & Interior

Electric Transmission Grid in Southeast

Electric Utility Grid Connection

• Distribution Tap ( 4 MW Load) – 12 kV Line ~ $75,000 to $100,000/mile

• Transmission Tap (up to 40 MW) – 69 kV Line~ $250,000 to $300,000/mile

• Construction Time: Up to 5 years

• Permits: Right-of-Way (EA or EIS)

• Low Cost Financing ($/kWh)

•Anchorage & Fairbanks $0.11/kWh

•Juneau $0.10/kWh

•Nome $0.15/kWh

•Tok $0.23/kWh

•Ft. Yukon $0.28/kWh

•McGrath $0.36/kWh

Electric Utility Commercial Power Cost

On-Site Power Options

– Combustion Turbines

– Steam Turbines

– Alternative Energy• Wind, Hydro

– Emerging Technology• Fuel Cells, Micro-Turbines

– Diesels

2,000 kW Diesel Trailer Module

3,600 kW Diesel Generator

Diesel Power Plant

• Installation Cost = $200 to $400/kW • Operation & Maintenance • Fuel Options - Natural Gas or Fuel Oil• Fuel Use = up to 16 kWh per gallon • Heat Recovery Option• Permitting = General Permit or…

– PSD & BACT Possible (1- 2 years minimum)

• Size = 5 kW to 10,000 kW

Combustion Turbine with Cogeneration (Heat and Power)

Combustion Turbine Plant

• Installed Cost: $700 to $1,200/kW

• Operation & Maintenance

• Fuel: Natural Gas to Heavy Oil

• Fuel Use: Up to 13 kWh/gallon

• Cogeneration & Comb. Cycle Option

• Permitting: Construction & Operating– PSD & BACT Required (2 years)

• Size = 3 MW to 90 MW

Steam Turbines

Steam Turbine Plant

• Installed Cost: $1,500 to $4,000/kW

• Operation & Maintenance

• Fuel: Solid, Liquid, Gas

• Cogeneration: Up to 70% Efficient

• Permits: Construction & Operating– PSD and BACT Required (1-2 years)

• Size Range = 3 MW to 200 MW

Alternative Energy - Wind

Alternative Energy - Wind

Alternative Energy - Wind

• Installed Cost ~ $2,500/kW

• Operation & Maintenance

• Avg. Output: 25% of Rated Capacity

• Wind/Diesel Hybrid Option

• Site Wind ~ 15 mph (Average)

Cooper Lake Dam

Alternative Energy - Hydro

• Cost: $3,000 to $5,000/kW – Bradley Lake 120 MW @ $385 million– Old Harbor 500 kW @ $ 2.5 million

• Available Watershed – Mountain Lake (High Head)– River (Low Head)

• Permits: FERC Licensing

Emerging Technology - Fuel Cells

Emerging Technologies - Fuel Cells

• Commercial Size ~ Up to 250 kW• Installed Cost = $5,000/kW• Operation and Maintenance• Fuel: Natural Gas• Cogeneration: Up to 60% Efficient• Expected Operating Life ~ 50,000+ hours

Capstan 30 kW Micro Turbine

Emerging Technologies – Micro Turbines

• Commercial Size ~ Up to 30 kW• Installed Cost ~ $3,500/kW• Operation and Maintenance• Fuel: Natural Gas• Efficiency: 25%• Cogeneration: Up to 50% Efficient• Expected Operating Life ~ 12,000+ hours

Power Supply Selection Process

• Plan Ahead: Permits & Construction• Profile: Electricity and Heating Load• Define Criteria: Reliability, Life, etc.• Identify: Power Supply Alternatives• Evaluate: Life Cycle Costs

– Initial Investment, Cost of Capital– Fuel Supply, Operation & Maintenance

• Plan Ahead: Permits & Construction• Profile: Electricity and Heating Load• Define Criteria: Reliability, Life, etc.• Identify: Power Supply Alternatives• Evaluate: Life Cycle Costs

– Initial Investment, Cost of Capital– Fuel Supply, Operation & Maintenance