electron configurations - weebly4 electron configurations rules for e-configurations 1. pauli...

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Electron ConfigurationsElectron ConfigurationsElectron ConfigurationsElectron Configurations

Periodic Table Video

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Who’s been to a concert?

What’d Schrodinger do?� fancy math! (quantum mechanics)

� defines probabilityprobabilityprobabilityprobability of finding an e-

orbital orbital orbital orbital

(“electron cloud”)

�region in space where there is 90% probability of finding an e-

Nobel Prize in Physics - 1933

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4 Quantum Numbers

UPPER LEVEL

�specify the “address” of each e- in an atom (like a ticket to a concert or game)

�all of these notations that follow are like a “Road Map” to the location of each eeach eeach eeach e---- in any atom

Electron Configurations

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Electron Configurations

Rules for e- Configurations1. Pauli Exclusion Principle1. Pauli Exclusion Principle1. Pauli Exclusion Principle1. Pauli Exclusion Principle

� no two e-’s in an atom can have the same 4 quantum #’s

� unique “address” rule

s p d f

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Rules for e- Configurations2. Aufbau Principle2. Aufbau Principle2. Aufbau Principle2. Aufbau Principle

�e-’s fill the lowest energy lowest energy lowest energy lowest energy orbitals firstorbitals firstorbitals firstorbitals first

�“Lazy Tenant Rule”

RIGHTWRONG

Rules for e- Configurations3. Hund’s Rule3. Hund’s Rule3. Hund’s Rule3. Hund’s Rule

�within a sublevel, place one e- per orbital BEFORE pairing them

�“Empty Bus Seat Rule”

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7

ssss----blockblockblockblock1st Period1st Period1st Period1st Period

1s11st 1st 1st 1st column of column of column of column of ssss----blockblockblockblock

Longhand e- config�ex:ex:ex:ex: ---- Hydrogen

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�ex:ex:ex:ex: ---- Helium

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

ssss----blockblockblockblock1st Period1st Period1st Period1st Period

1s2

Longhand e- config

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�ex:ex:ex:ex: ---- Lithium

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

ssss----blockblockblockblock2nd Period2nd Period2nd Period2nd Period

1s22s11st 1st 1st 1st column of column of column of column of ssss----blockblockblockblock

Longhand e- config

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�ex:ex:ex:ex: ---- Beryllium

1

2 3 4

5

6 7

1s22s2

Longhand e- config

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�ex:ex:ex:ex: ---- Boron

1

2 3 4

5

6 7

1s22s22p1

Longhand e- config

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�ex:ex:ex:ex: ---- Boron

1

2 3 4

5

6 7

1s22s22p1

Longhand e- config

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�ex:ex:ex:ex: ---- Oxygen

1

2 3 4

5

6 7

1s22s22p4

Longhand e- config

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�ex:ex:ex:ex: ---- Scandium (Sc, atomic #21)

1

2

3 4

5

6 7

1s22s22p63s23p64s2

Longhand e- config

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�ex:ex:ex:ex: ---- Scandium (Sc, atomic #21)

Longhand e- config

�ex:ex:ex:ex: ---- Scandium (Sc, atomic #21)

1

2 3 4 5 6 7

1s22s22p63s23p64s23d1

Longhand e- config

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O8e-

1s2 2s2 2p4

Orbital Box Diagrams

1s 2s 2p

�Longhand Config:always starts with 1s2 (except H - 1s1)

�Noble Gas Config:Noble Gas Config:Noble Gas Config:Noble Gas Config:

start with the noble gas immediately before the start with the noble gas immediately before the start with the noble gas immediately before the start with the noble gas immediately before the

element on the P.T. in bracketselement on the P.T. in bracketselement on the P.T. in bracketselement on the P.T. in brackets

S 16e-

Valence ElectronsCore Electrons

S 16e- [Ne] 3s2 3p4

1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p4

Shorthand (Noble Gas) Config

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[Ar]

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

4s2 3d10 4p2

Shorthand (Noble Gas) Config�ex:ex:ex:ex: ---- Germanium (atomic # 32)

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[Kr]

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

5s1

Shorthand (Noble Gas) Config�ex:ex:ex:ex: ---- Rubidium (atomic # 37)Rubidium (atomic # 37)Rubidium (atomic # 37)Rubidium (atomic # 37)

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[Rn]

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

7s2 6d4

Shorthand (Noble Gas) Config�ex:ex:ex:ex: ---- Seaborgium (atomic # 106)Seaborgium (atomic # 106)Seaborgium (atomic # 106)Seaborgium (atomic # 106)

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doesn’t

add up to

106 e-!

[Rn]

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

7s2 6d4

Shorthand (Noble Gas) Config�ex:ex:ex:ex: ---- Seaborgium (atomic # 106)Seaborgium (atomic # 106)Seaborgium (atomic # 106)Seaborgium (atomic # 106)

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5f14

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I Heart Electron Config Video

Y’All Try:�Longhand:

1. Cl 2. V 3. Kr

�Shorthand/Noble Gas:

4. Tc 5. Po 6. Mt 7. P

�Orbital Box:

8. F 9. Al 10. Cr

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YOU Try:�Longhand:

1. Si 2. Ar

�Shorthand/Noble Gas:

3. Te 4. Hg

�Orbital Box:

5. Ca