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Elements of Color
We see color that is bright, dull, exciting, chaotic, and harmonious.
We cross streets filled with color, make purchases because of color, eat, sleep, and drink color.
Some colors cause us to cheer (school colors)
Other colors cause us to cry, feel happy or depressed.
Color begins with light – either natural or artificial.
We see the sensation of color because we respond to different wavelengths of light.
We can see this when we examine a glass prism. The rays of light are bent or refracted as they pass through at different angles and are seen as different colors.
PrimaryThese colors are considered to be foundation colors because they are used to create all other colors.
Red
Yellow
Blue
SecondaryBy combining two of the primary colors, three secondary colors are formed.
Orange
Green
Violet
TertiaryThe six tertiary colors are made by combining a primary and an adjacent secondary color.
Red-Violet
Red-Orange
Yellow-Orange
Yellow-Green
Blue-Green
Blue-Violet
Complementary Colors
These colors share similar colors ad are compatible when mixed together:
Red + Green
Yellow + Violet
Blue + Orange
Analogous Colors
These colors share similar colors ad are compatible when mixed together:
Red + Orange
Orange + Yellow
Blue + Green
Color Temperature
Warm Colors: red, orange, yellow
Cool Colors: violet, blue, green
Properties of Color
Hue
Value
Saturation
Hue
All of the colors of the spectrum are hues. Red, orange, yellow, green, blue and violet. Magenta and cyan are also hues.
These are pure colors.
Value
Value is the relative lightness or darkness of a color. Some colors (such as yellow) are naturally light. Others(like violet) are darker.
Adding white = lighter value
Adding black = darker value
Value can exist without hue. Black, white, and gray are values without color.
Saturation/Intensity
Saturation is the purity of a color.A fully saturated color is the coloras it appears on the color wheel.
Fully saturated colors can vary in their intensity or brilliance. For example, pure yellow is very brilliant, but pureviolet has low intensity. Colors are desatured by adding black,white, grey or the complement.
Contrast of Color
Contrast of Hue
The best example: red, yellow, blue
Contrast of Value
Illustrated by black, white, gray
Contrast of Value
Illustrated in blue
Contrast of Warm + Cold
The example: red and blue
Contrast of Warm + Cold
Contrast of Saturation
The contrast between between pure colors and and diluted colors.
The four corners are neutral gray in the same value as the pure color.
Color Vibration
This is sometimes referred to as figure-ground effect. It is a perceptual phenomenon that causes some colors to appear bigger or more vibrant when placed against other colors.
They have the same value so they appear to move.
Examples
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