eleven years of cbri research output. 1980-90...

Annals of Library Science and Documentation 1993, 40(3), 77-91

ELEVEN YEARS OF CBRI RESEARCH OUTPUT.1980-90 - A BIBUOMETRIC STUDY

SC SINHALibrary OfficerCentral Building Res. InstituteRoorkee

CBRI research output, 1980-90is the bibliometricstudy of research papers contributed by the scien-tists of CaRl Roorkee in the form of articles pub-lished in Indian and foreign periodicals andpapers presented in national and internationalconferences. The study indicates the downwardtrend of the institute's research output. Sugges-tions are made to improve the situation by takingmore R&D projects in future, keeping in view theneeds of the country. A list of suggested journalswith their rankings, impact factors and immediacyindex is given. If CaRl scientists publish their workin some of these journals, the CaRl work will havebetter visibility to scientific community.

INTRODUCTION

The Central Building Research Institute is one ofthe engineering laboratories of the Council ofScientific and Industrial Research (C.S.I.R.). Itsscientists have been generally publishing theirworks in journals (both Indian and foreign) andpresenting papers in the national and interna-tional conferences. CBRI scientists are contribut-ing papers and articles to 94 periodicals withvarying impact factors (Table 1) and a number ofnational and international conferences whichshows that the contribution of CBRI to theadvancement of knowledge in diverse fields issignificant.

A study is undertaken for systematic bibliometricanalysis ofthe papers published by the scientistsof CBRI in research journals of Indian and foreignorigin and papers presented in the national andinternational conferences during 1980-90to makean assessment of the impact of the researchpapers published by the CBRI scientists onscientific activity and assessment of implemen-tation of the projects in the laboratory (Charts3 &4).

Vol40 No 3 September 1993

M FURQAN UUAHLibrarianNational Instt. of HydrologyRoorkee

METHODOLOGY

822 research papers were published by thescientists of CBRI during January 1980 to March1990. Each paper was categorised on the basis ofthe journal in which it appeared and to the divisionto which it belonged.

It is observed that the journals in various fieldsof science such as physics, chemistry, biology,microbiology, drugs, etc. are covered by theScience Citation Index (SCI) and are regularlyanalysed in the Journal Citation Report (JCR). Itis unfortunate that the engineering journals havenot attracted much attention of SCI and thereforetheir impact factor, immediacy index, self-citationrate etc. are not known.

Impact Factor (IF): It is the ratio between the num-ber of times a journal is cited and the number ofcitable articles published by the journal in a givenspan of time.

Immediacy Index: It is the rate at which an articleis cited during the year of its publication.

Self Citation Rate: It is the rate at which an articlecites itself.

IMPACT FACTORS OF JOURNALS OF INTER-ESTTOCBRI

The reputed journals in civil engineering which arecovered by the Science Citation Index providethe basis for assigning impact factors to otherjournals in the same discipline. In every disciplineof interest to CBRI, subject experts were alsoapproached to make their judgement in assigningimpact factors and guiding average was taken asthe recommended values. For instance, theJournal of Geotechnical Engineering (AmericanSociety of Civil Engineers, New York) is assigned

77

SINHA AND FUROAN ULLAH

Table 1

Impact Factor of Indian and Foreign Journals

SI.No.

Title of Journal I.F.

1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.12.13.14.15.16.17.18.19.20.

.21.22.23.24.25.26.27.28.29.30.31.32.33.34.35.36.37.38.39.40.41.42.43.44.45.

78

ACI Structural Engineering (USA)Architects Trade Journal(INDIA)Architectural Science Review (AUSTAAUA)Bricks & Tile News (ANN No.) (INDIA)Builder's Friend (INDIA)Building & Environment (UK)Building & Prefabrication (UK)Building Research & Practice (UK)Cement (INDIA)Cement & Concrete Research (UK)Cement Industry (ANNUAL) (UK)Cera Murgia (ITALY)Changing Indian Village (INDIA)Chemical Age of India (INDIA)Chemical Era (INDIA)Civil Engg Construction Rev (INDIA)Construction Building Technology (INDIA)Corrosion Bulletin (INDIA)Design incorporating Indian Builder (INDIA)Durability of Building Materials (HOLLAND)Electrochemical Society of India (INDIA)Electrochemistry (INDIA)Engineering Construction Review (INDIA)Energy Management (INDIA)Euroclay (UK)Fire Engineer (UK)Fire Safety Journal (USA)Fire Technology (UK)Indian Architect (INDIA)Indian Architect Builder (INDIA)Indian Ceramics (INDIA)Indian Concrete Journal (INDIA)Indian Construction (INDIA)Indian Geotechnical Journal (INDIA)Indian J Environ Health (INDIA)Indian J Pure & Appl Physics (INDIA)Indian J Power & River Vall Dev (INDIA)Indian J Technology (INDIA)Indian J Textile (INDIA)Indian Planner and Builder (INDIA)Indian Surveyor (INDIA)Indian Standards Bulletin (INDIA)Inter. J Dev. Technology (THAILAND)Inter. J Environ Studies (UK)Inter. J Num. & Analyt. Meth. in Geo. Mech. (UK)

0.0010.0010.2220.0100.0010.1000.0100.0350.0200.2000.0100.0100.0010.0100.0010.0010.0600.0200.0100.2010.0800.0800.0100.0100.0100.2000.2000.2010.00100010.0500.0500.0010.0600.1890.1240.0040.1300.0010.0010.0100.0010.0100.1000.740

contd .

Ann Lib Sci Doc

46.47.48.49.50.51.52.53.54.55.56.57.58.59.60.61.62.63.64.65.66.67.68.69.70.71.,72.73.74.75.76.77.78.79.80.81.82.83.84.85.86.87.88.89.90.91.92.93.94.

ELEVEN YEARS OF CBRI RESEARCH OUTPUT

Inter. J Num. Meth. in Engg. (UK)Inter. Ubrary Movement (INDIA)151Bulletin (INDIA)J Chern. Tech. & Bio-Tech. (UK)J Colour Society (INDIA)J Energy Management (INDIA)J Engineering Design (INDIA)J Geotech. Engg. Div. Proc. of ASCE (USA)J Indian Acad. of Wood Sci. (INDIA)J Indian Instt. of Arch. (INDIA)J Indian Road Congress (INDIA}J Indian Water Works Assoc. (INDIA)J Inst. of Engg. Arch (INDIA)J Inst of Engrs (India)-Chem (INDIA)J Inst of Engrs (India)-Civil) (INDIA)J Engrs (India)-Env. (INDIA)J Inst of Engrs (India)-Hindi (INDIA)J National Building Organisation (INDIA)J Oil & Chemical Assoc. (UK)J Optics (USA)J School Plan Arch. (INDIA)J Sc & Ind Researach (INDIA)J Structural Engg: ASCE (USA)Khadi Gram Udyog (INDIA)Meri Journal (INDIA)Metal & Mineral Rev (INDIA)Paint India (INDIA)Periodica Polytechnica (POLAND)Plastics Rubb & Mat Appl (UK)Polytechnica (POLAND)Popular Plastics & Rubber (UK)Pragati Nirman (INDIA)Pragya (INDIA)Proceedings of ASCE (USA)Process ~Plant Engg. (INDIA)Research & Industry (INDIA)Salt Research Industry (INDIA)Science Reporter (INDIA)Science Today (INDIA)Soil Mechanics and Found Engg (JAPAN)Tata Energy Research (INDIA)Trans of Indian Ceramics (INDIA)Trans of Indian Soc of Des Tech (INDIA)Tunnelling & Und Ground space Tech (USA)Urja (INDIA)Vigyan Pragati (INDIA)Voluntary Action (INDIA)Yojana (INDIA)Zement Kalk Gips (GERMANY)

0.9410.0010.0050.3530.0010.0100.0010.4710.0010.0010.0200.0600.0200.0200.0200.0100.0100.0100.2501.4110.0010.2480.5150.0010.0010.0100.3000.0100.0040.0100.0010.0010.0010.1000.0010.7260.0010.0010.0010.0190.0190.0500.0500.2000.0010.0010.0010.0010.762

Vol 40 No 3 September 1993 79

SINHA AND FUROAN ULLAH

CHART-l

YEARWISE CONTRIBUTION IN INDIAN AND FOREIGN JOURNALS

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ELEVEN YEARS OF CBRI RESEARCH OUTPUT

CHART-2

DIVISIONWISE DISTRIBUTION OF PAPERS IN INDIAN AND FORIEGN PERIODICALS

PAPERS I N FOR EIGN JOURNALS

PAPERS IN INDIAN JOURNALS

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Vol40 No 3 September 1993 81

SINHA AND FURQAN ULlAH

CHART-3

CONTRIBUTION IN NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONL CONFERENCES 1980-1990

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PAPERS PRESENTED INNATIONAL CONFE RE NCES

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82 Ann Lib Sci Doc

ELEVEN YEARS OF CBRI RESEARCH OUTPUT

CHART-4

DIVISIONWISE CONTRIBUTION IN NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCES

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Vol 40 No 3 September 1993 83

SINHA AND FUROAN ULLAH

CHART-5

IMPACT FACTOR OF PAPERS IN INDIAN AND FOREIGN JOURNALS (1980-90)

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84 Ann Lib Sci Doc

ELEVEN YEARS OF CBRI RESEARCH OUTPUT

the Impact Factor of 0.471 by SCI (1988). Keepingthis value in view, the impact factors for otherjournals like Indian Geotechnical Journal werearrived at, by keeping in consideration therelative merits and demerits. The total of impactfactors of 339 papers published by the CBRIscientists during 1980-90 in Indian and foreignjournals calculated in the manner specified above,worked out to be 36.006. It, therefore, follows thataverage impact factor per article lies close'to 0.112(Table 4).

The above analysis clearly indicates that theimpact factors, worked out by taking the impactfactors of a few outstanding civil engineeringjournals assigned by the SCI as the basis, wouldgrossly underestimate the merit of papers in mostother engineering journals. This is because the IFof papers published in the best of engineeringjournals fall way behind the IF ofthe front line dis-ciplines viz. physics, chemistry and biology.Quite clearly, IF depends also on the status ofa given discipline in the world of science and thescales tilt in favour of journals in such disciplinesas are adequately covered by SCI. The profes-sionals in the civil engineering laboratories havecome to the conclusion that the journal publishedby the American Society of Civil Engineers, isamongst the best in the world and for this publica-tion, the impactfactorvalue assigned by SCI is just0.471 as compared to the best journal, i.e.Biological Chemistry where the assigned value ofimpact factor is to the tune of 6.000 or even more.The evaluation of performance of the scientists inengineering laboratories, therefore, cannot beappropriately done by the kind of approachfollowed in the above anlysis. In fact, EugeneGarfield, one of the authorities on the theory andapplication of citation analysis, has time andagain drawn attention to the differences in thecitation characteristics that exist between theliterature of different fields of science. Morerecently, Corneliers Ie Paier has argued in favourof not applying citation analysis to technology likeapplied sciences, engineering, instrumentation,etc., where patenting, product design andmanufacturing are more important than paperwriting and citing a paper.

ANAlYSIS OF RESEARCH OUTPUT

339 articles from CBRI scientists were published in94 jounrals. 79 articles were published in the year1980. The research output of CBRI shows a zigzag

Vol40 No 3 September 1993

trend during 1981 to 1990 (chart 1). It is alsoobserved that there has been a declining trendduriing 1989 to 1990.

The study also shows that CBRI scientists preferedsome Indian journals to publish their papers dur-ing 1980-1990 as shown below:

Name of the Journal No. of Papers

Indian Concrete Journal 44Indian Ceramics 22Research and Industry 19Journal of Instn. of Civil Engineers 12Indian Construction 11Indian Geotechnical Journal 11Indian Architect 11Paint India 8

Similarly, some selected foreign periodicals cho-sen by CBRI scientists to publish their papers are:

Name of the Journal No. of Papers

Building Research and Practice 10Cement and Concrete Research 8Durability of Building Materials 3

By and large, it was found that 97 papers werepublished in substandard journals. It is sug-gested that CBRI building material chemistsmust publish some of their articles in Indian Jour-na~ of Chemistry Section A and B published byCSIR, Delhi.

Table 2 gives year-wise distribution of paperspublished in Indian and foreign journals. Thepreference of CBRI scientists to publish in Indianjournals is established by the fact that as manyas 278 papers were published by them in Indianjournals. This may be due to the fact that papersin Indian journals are easily accepted,because ofthe weak refereeing system.

It is heartening to note that the CBRI technologycould be published in 61 foreign journals despitethe fact that the foreign periodicals are quitestrict in accepting papers for publication, Onlytop class papers are accepted by them.

Table 3 and Chart 2 shows division-wise distribu-tion of papers in Indian and foreign journals.

85

SINHA AND FURQAN ULLAH

The Building Materials Division is found to havemaximum number of papers to its credit. This maybe attributed to the fact that the division is alsohaving maximum number of scientific staff. In all,136 papers (Table 3) were published by thedivision of which 110 papers appeared in Indianjournals and 26 in foreign journals. MathematicalModelling Group did not publish any paper in thisdecade as it was established in 1989 only.

Table 4 shows contribution of CBRI scientists innational and international conferences/seminarsduring the period. 483 papers were presentedby CBRI scientists in various national!international seminars/symposia. It is to be notedthat papers are more easily accepted in the confer-ences than in Indian and foreign journals. Proba-bly, this is the reason that as many as 483 paperswere presented in various conferences, comparedto 339 published in Indian and foreign journals.

From the table, it is evident that the BuildingMaterials Division presented 185 papers in vari-ous conferences, of which 139 papers werepresented in national and 46 papers in interna-tional conferences.

The Geotechnical Engineering Division presented67 papers in various conferences. It is interestingto note that the division presented 34 papers ininternational conferences indicating good qualityof research work.

The scientists of the Efficiency of BuildingsDivision have presented more papers (32) in inter-national conferences than in national confer-ences (29). This may indicate that the CBRItechnology in the area of building technology ismore acceptable to foreign countries. Table 6gives the impact factor of journals in which CBRIscientists published their papers. The totalimpact factor of 339 articles during the period1980-90 is 38.371. The average impact factor perarticle is 0.113. The bar chart 5 clearly shows thatmaximum number of articles (i.e. 97) are pub-lished in the journals having very low impact factori.e. 0.001. On the impact factor-based evaluationof publications, it was found that 28.6% of articleswere published in the journals having impactfactor 0.001, i.e., very low, 56.9% of articles werepublished in the journals having impact factor0.004 to 0.200 (i.e. low to moderate), 5% ofarticles were published in the journals havingimpact factor 0.201 to 0.300 (i.e. moderate) and9.4% of articles were published in the journalshaving impact factor 0.353 to 1.411 (i.e. quitehigh).

CONCLUSIONSIndia is one of the countries having the largestscientific manpower in the world and the scien-tists are publishing their research outputs inmore than thousand Jndian and foreign periodi-cals. Such a large volume of scientific activitycannot be brushed aside. It is important to note

Table2

Year-wise Distribution of Papers in Indian and Foreign Journals

SINo. Year Indian Foreign Totaljournals journals

1. 1980 69 10 792. 1981 46 5 513. 1982 38 5 434. 1983 26 6 325. 1984 21 4 256. 1985 22 6 287. 1986 9 3 128. 1987 14 3 179. 1988 16 7 23

10. 1989 8 7 1511. 1990 9 5 14

Total 278 61 339

86 Ann Lib Sci Doc

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Table 3enCD"S Division·wlse Distribution of Papers in Indian and ForeignJournals

CD3tr~ S YEAR(S) APP BM BPPP DCE EB FR GE IOC MMG RBE SE...•.:8 No. DIV DIV DIV DIV DIV DIV DIV DIV DIV DIV DIV GENERAL~ U FJ U FJ IJ FJ U FJ IJ FJ IJ FJ U FJ IJ FJ U FJ U FJ IJ FJ IJ FJ

1. 1980 1 1 24 3 7 2 6 10 2 2 1 6 1 6 . . 3 . 42. 1981 · 12 3 7 2 8 . 8 4 3 43. 1982 1 15 6 1 . 11 2 1 3 1 24. 1983 1 1 12 3 4 4 3 . 2 25. 1984 1 . 5 2 5 . 4 1 3 1 1 16. 1985 · 12 2 3 1 4 1 2 17. 1986 · 6 2 38. 1987 10 2 29. 1988 5 4 2 1 1 1 6 3 23

10. 1989 · 4 2 . 1 1 4 1 . 1 111. 1990 5 3 2

Total 4 2 110 26 41 6 30 1 38 5 10 9 15 7 13 1 4 2 1 11 3

G.Total 6 136 47 31 43 19 22 14 . 4 3 14

TOTAL PUB.

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Effeciency of Buildings DivisionFire Research Division

GEIOCMMGRBESE

= Geotechnical Engineering Division= International Overseas Collaboration Division= Mathematical Modelling Group= Rural Buildings and Environment Division= Structural Engineering Division

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TABLE 4

Contribution In National and International Conferences/Seminars

SI. YEAR(S) APP BM BPPP DCE EB FR GE 10C MMG RBE SEDIY DIY DIV DIV DIY DIY DIY DIV DIY DIY DIY GENERAL TOTAL

NAT INT NAT INT NAT INT NAT INT NAT • INT NAT INT NAT INT NAT INT NAT INT NAT INT NAT INT NAT INT

1. 1980 3 5 2 3 2 5 . 3 1 2 3 . 7 1 .- . . - - - - - 37

2. 1981 - 6 1 3 2 5 1 1 6 2 6 1 -- - - - - - - - 34

3. 1982 32 - 1 2 6 3 1 2 4 1 -- - - - - - - - 52-(J)

4. 1983 1 1 3 6 2 2 3 2 1 - 9 2 .- - 1 - - - - - 33 ZJ:>

5. 1984-85 1 3 11 15 4 4 2 3 11 1 3 2 --- 3 2 - - - 65 >Z6. 1985-86 9 17 13 2 9 1 4 5 10 1 - -- - - - - - - - 71 0

."7. 1986-87 1 1 12 6 1 8 1 1 3 4 4 - - .- - 4 - - 8 - 54 C:D

8. 1987-88 1 17 2 2 9 3 7 3 2 4 2 2 11 3 - 68§2- - - -- - - - - Z

25 2 44C

9. 1988-89 1 - - 1 3 4 1 - 4 2 -- 1 - - - - r>10. 1989-90 - 11 1 2 1 - 4 1 1 - 2 - - - 2 - - - 25 J:

TOTAL 5 17 139 46 18 35 23 7 29 32 8 6 34 33 10 2 2 - 20 5 2 - 10 - 483--IJ - INDIAN JOURNALS GE = Geotechnical Engineering DivisionFJ - FOREIGN JOURNALS IOC = International Overseas Collaboration DivisionAPP - Architecture and Physical Planning Division MMG = Mathematical Modelling GroupBM - Building Materials DivisionBPPP - Building Procelles Plant and Produc1lvlty Division RBE = Rural Buildings and' Environment DivisionDCE - Development, Construction and extension Division SE = Structural Engineering DivisionEB - Effeclency of Buildings Division

~ FR - Fire Research Division:sC(j'

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-ELEVEN YEARS OF CBRI RESEARCH OUTPUT

TABLE 5

Year-wise Distribution of Papers Presente ' in National and International Conferences

S!.No. YEAR (s) National International TotalConferences Conferences

1. 1980 19 18 372. 1981 18 16 343. 1982 45 7 524. 1983 22 11 335. 1984-85 25 40 656. 1985-86 34 37 717. 1986-87 31 23 548. 1987-88 45 23 689. 1988-89 39 5 44

10. 1989-90 22 3 25

Total 300 183 483

Table 6

Total and Average Impact Factors

Number of Percentage of Impact TotalArticles Articles Factor

97 28.52 0.001 0.0972 0.580 0.004 0.0083 0.88 0.005 0.Q15

45 13.23 0.010 0.4503 00.88 0.019 0.057

22 6.47 0.020 0.4408 2.35 0.035 0.280

70 20.58 0.050 3.50013 3.82 0.060 0.7802 0.58 0.080 0.1606 1.76 0.100 0.6002 0.58 0.124 0.2482 0.58 0.130 0.2602 0.58 0.189 0.378

~3 3.82 0.200 2.6005 1.48 0.201 1.0052 0.58 0.222 0.4441 0.29 0.248 0.2481 0.29 0.250 0.2508 2.35 0.300 2.4002 0.58 0.353 0.7061 0.29 0.471 0.4711 0.29 0.515 0.515

19 5.58 0.726 13.7941 0.29 0.740 0.7403 0.88 0.762 2.2863 0.88 0.941 2.8232 0.58 1.411 2.822

339 (340)) Total 38.371 100.00

Total impact factor of 340 article = 38.371Average impact factor = 0.113

Vol 40 N03 September 1993 89

:8

TABLE 7

Suggested Journals as Covered by Science Citation Index

SI.NO. DIVISION NAME OF JOURNAL COUNTRY OF RANKING AS PER IMPACT IMMEDIACYORIGIN IMPACT FACTOR FACTOR INDEX

1. APP Division Building and Environmental UK 3233 0.217 0.0002. 8M Division JI. of Amer. Cer. Society USA 700927 1.323 0.262 en3. 8M Division Amer. Cer. Soc. 8uil. USA 1459 0.872 0.072 Z4. Em Division JI. of Coating Technology UK 1502 0.850 0.149 ::r>5. 8M Division Wood Science Technology UK 2042 0.581 0.167 >6. 8M Division Corrosion UK 2165 0.533 0.056

z0

7. 8M Division JI. of Chem. Tech. and UK 2456 0.435 0.149 ."c8iotech :0

8. 8M Division Cement Concrete Research UK 2580 0.396 0.111 ~z9. 8M Division Chemistry and Industry UK 2818 0.329 0.058 c10. 8M Division Ind. JI. of Chemistry-A INDIA 2864 0.314 0.21 r-

>11. 8M Division Ind JI. of Chemistry-8 INDIA 2879 0.281 0.054 ::r12. 8M Division Plastic and Rubber UK 3082 0.255 0.021

Processing and Application13. 8M Division JI. of Oil and Chemical UK 3103 0.250 0.040

Association

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1?1:1~

ELEVEN YEARS OF CBRI RESEARCH OUTPUT

that the work of the Indian scientific communityis not being recognised by scientific communityof the developed countries. It may be due tovarious factors. The importance of the work of ascientist may be revealed through the publicationof Indian Science Citation Index. INSDOC,whichis doing a pioneering work in the field of bibliom-etrics, is already engaged in the compilation ofIndian Science Citation Index.

No doubt, engineering sciences are poor fromthe bibliometric citation point of view but the im-pact factor of the engineering sciences can beimproved upon if the scientists of engineeringdisciplines carry out qualitative work in theirrespective fields and publish their work in foreignjournals having high impact factor and immediacyindex. It is generally seen that engineers do notcite authors whose works they use in their work.

The impact of research output of CBRI scientistson the scientific activity in the world can be im-proved if they publish their work in the standardjournals with high impact factors and quote theworks honestly and exhaustively which they use inwriting their papers.

ACKNOWlEDGEMENTThe authors are grateful to the Director, CBRI(Roorkee) for his kind permission to publish this

Vol 40 No 3 September 1993

article and Dr. B.K Saxena of the institution forproviding all necessary help and guidence inpreparation of the paper.

REFERENCES1. Central Building Research Institute:

Annual Report, 1980-1990.

2. CSIR research output, 1987 :Bibliometric analysis of research papers. NewDelhi, CSIR, 1987, 60 p.

3. CSIRresearch output, 1988.New Delhi, CSIR,1988,144 p.

4. CSIRresearch output, 1989,New Delhi,CSIR,1989,150 p.

5. GARFIELD E: Citation indexing - its theoryand application in science, technology andhumanities, New York, John Wiley, 1979,374p.

6. Elsevier handbook of qualitative studies of sci-ence and technology, ed, by AF.J. Van Rann.Amsterdam, Elsevier, 1988.

7. Journal Citation Report, 1988. Philadelphia,ISI,1989.

91