embedded technology

Embedded TechnologyAmit SachdevaSingsys Pte. Ltd.

What is Embedded Technology ?

An embedded system is a computer system with a dedicated function within a larger mechanical or electrical system, often with real-time computing constraints.

Few examples

General Purpose:-Automobiles MP3Cell phones GPS MicrowaveNetwork routersGame consolesSpecial Purpose :-ATM machines, Medical Instruments, Aircraft,

Satellites

Schematic (a example)

CPU

Memory

Permanent Memory

Input

Sensorsto measure

physical values

Actuatorsto

controlphysicalthings

Outputdevice (screen)

bus

program

Challenges for developing a embedded system

SecurityScalabilityHigh availabilityPerformance-based interoperabilityReal-time

Components

It has hardwareIt has main application softwareIt has Real time operating system (RTOS).

Real-Time System

Hard Real Time SystemFailure to meet deadlines is fatal

Example : Flight Control System

Soft Real Time SystemLate completion of jobs is undesirable but not fatal.System performance degrades as more & more jobs

miss deadlines

Role of RTOS in Embedded systemStandalone Applications

Often no OS involvedMicro controller based Embedded Systems

Some Real Time Applications are huge & complexMultiple threadsComplicated Synchronization RequirementsFile system / Network / Windowing supportOS primitives reduce the software design time

Linux OS

Royalty free licensing.Reliable IP stack and TCP/IP applications.Open Source KernelTool chain source codes are open source.

Kernel Types

Monolithic Kernel.

Modular kernel

Examples of RTOS

ETLinuxuLinuxmuLinuxArtLinuxKUARTLinux-SrtQlinuxRTAI

Firmware programming

CEmbedded C.Assembly language.

RTOS programming

C language.System programmingLinux Internals.Kernel Programming. (High + Low level)

Embedded vs Desktop Programming

Limited ROM, RAM, stack spaceLimited powerLimited computing capabilityReal-time responses and controls critical timing (interrupt service routines, tasks, …)

ReliabilityHardware-oriented programming

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