emergency communication

DUMBO: Digital Ubiquitous Mobile Broadband OLSR

OutlineDisasterEmergency NetworkVehicular CommunicationAvailable TechnologiesDUMBO

DUMBO2

Disaster

NaturalTsunami, Nargis,

ManmadeTerrorist attack, Fire

Disaster (cont…)Consequences:

Huge deathHuge woundedDestroy surrounding (roads, buildings)Traditional communication infrastructure becomes

inoperable

Requirements:Rescue operationCo-ordination between the field worker and command

centerEmergency medical assistance

Emergency Network An emergency network:

Fast deployableWithout relying on the fixed infrastructureProvide multimedia communication (voice, video, text)Wide network coverageAvailable network devices (home appliances)Real-time monitoring systemsCapable to move the network nodes independently

within the network coverage

Emergency Network (cont…) Traditional Process: Usually the rescue

worker uses walkie talkie while in rescue operation. But it has many demerits:Short rangeCollisions in communication (everybody uses the same

channel)No video supportNo central monitoring systems to monitor the relative

movement of the field worker

Vehicular CommunicationVehicle to Vehicle Communication (V2V)

Send and receive information between vehicles to vehicle

Vehicle to Infrastructure Communication (V2I)Share information among the vehicles and the fixed

infrastructure

Vehicular Communication (cont…) Internet

HQGateWay

Road

SeaJungle

Available TechnologiesShort Range Medium Range Long Range

Bluetooth100 Meters (Class 1)10 Meters (Class 2)1 Meter (Class 3)1 Mbps (v1) 3Mbps (v2.0)2.4 GHzZigbee250 Kbps @ 2.4 GHz40 Kbps @ 915 MHz20 Kbps @ 868 MHz10 – 100 MetersLow Data Rate

Wifi 802.11 b/g/n2.4 GHz11 ~ 300 Mbps30 ~ 200 MetersIEEE 802.11p C2C5.9 GHz DSRCUS Flavoreda.k.a WAVECALMWAVE + Global 5 GHzGPRS/UMTS ConnEU Flavored

EDGE0.9 ~ 1.89 MbpsLicensed FrequencyCDMA 2000 EV-DORev.0 153K ~ 2MbpsRev.A 1.8 ~ 3 MbpsLicensed FrequencyWiMax10 ~ 70 MbpsLicensed FrequencyExpensive Infrastructure

Available Technologies (cont…)TETRA : Terrestrial Trunked Radio

Special type of Mobile Walkie Talkie like serviceLow ThroughputFixed InfrastructureExpensive

DUMBO Use Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANET) in an

environment where fixed network infrastructure is not available, such as in the case of natural disaster

Simulated Disaster Area 2

IP StarUplink

Simulated Head Command

Center (AIT)

TerrestrialInternet

Simulated DisasterArea 1

IP StarSatellite

IP StarGateway Field

Satellite

AccessMANE

TOLSR

PDA

FieldSatellit

eAccess

MANET

OLSRPDA

sensor

DUMBO 2Interconnectivity between Mobile Ad-hoc

Network and Fixed infrastructureVehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) communications with

mixed vehicle typesVehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) Internet-like

GatewayA newly revised Emergency Response

Multimedia Communication Applications (P2P SIP)

Real-time monitoring system for rescue worker’s movement.

DUMBO 2 (cont…)

Internet

MANET 1 MANET 2

HQ

GateWay GateWay

OutlineMobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET)

Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR)

Easy Disaster Communication (EasyDC)

IEEE 802.11Ad hoc networkInfrastructured network

A B C

Mobile Ad-Hoc Network (MANET)Fast deployableSelf configuringNo need for network infrastructureMoving nodesMulti-hop network

MANET exampleB and D as intermediate nodes forward a

packet to EMulti-hop network

MANET applicationsMilitary operationsSensor networksRescue operationsUniversityConferences

MANET characteristics Dynamic topologyLimited bandwidthEnergy constrained operationLimited physical security

MANET routing protocolReactive routing

Finding routes when needed (on demand)Proactive routing

Maintaining all routes to reachable destinations (table-driven routing)

Using continues control messages to set up routes

Reactive•Low routing overhead•High delay of setting up a connection

Proactive•High routing overhead•Low delay of setting up a connection

Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV), RFC 3561Finding routes when needed (on demand)Flooding a route request (RREQ)

RREQ RREQ RREQ

RREQ

RREQ

Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV), RFC 3561Finding routes when needed (on demand)A route reply is unicasted back

RREPRREP

RREP

Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR), RFC 3626 A table-driven routing protocol Using MultiPoint Relays (MPRs) to

efficiently relay broadcast messages Three main modules

Neighbor detection Topology discovery (via MPRs) Route calculation

OLSR packet format

1. Neighbor detection

HELLOHELLO

HELLO

Neighbor sensing

HELLOHELLO

HELLONeighbor nodes of B

A CD

Multipoint relayReducing the number of duplicate

retransmissions while forwarding a broadcast packet

Limit the set of MPRs retransmitting a packetThe number of MPRs should be small

Multipoint relay selectionEach node selects and maintains its own

MPRs“At A, For all two-hop neighbors n there

must exist a MPR m so that n can be contacted via m”

Multipoint relay selectionEach node selects and maintains its own

MPRs“At A, For all two-hop neighbors n there

must exist a MPR m so that n can be contacted via m”

The number of retransmissions with/without MPRs

Please find MPRs (1)

Please find MPRs (2)

Please find MPRs (3)

2. Flooding topology information without MPRs

Neighbor nodes of BA CD

Flooding topology information with MPRs

Neighbor nodes of BA CD

Route calculationB{A, C, D}

D{B, E}

Routing of ADest. Next hopB BC BD BE B

Routing of DDest. Next hopA BB BC BE E

Routing of EDest. Next hopA DB DC CD D

OLSR implementation

olsr.orgAn ad hoc wireless mesh routing daemonMany OS platforms are supported

Nokia, iPhone, Mac OS, Linux, Wins

OLSR for windows

Configured olsrd parametersHELLO intervalHELLO holdTC intervalTC holdMID intervalMID holdMore details no olsrd parameters

http://www.olsr.org/docs/olsrd.conf.5.html

HELLO interval and hold

Reasonable HELLO intervalIn RFC 3626

HELLO interval = 2sTC interval = 5s

The larger HELLO interval, the longer delay of neighbor detection

OLSR on a vehicle HELLO interval should be small

Routes

Communication applicationsExisting communication applications, VoIP,

require centralized serversThe centralized architecture is not suitable

for MANETs due to mobility

peer

peer

peerpeer

peer

peer

peer

peer

peer

peer

peer

peer

peerpeer

Operated

Operated

Easy Disaster Communication (EasyDC)Providing multimedia communications for an

emergency operationPeer-to-peer (P2P) application where no a

centralized server is neededRunning on OLSR protocol

EasyDC login

Main screen

EasyDC setupSoftware setup1 . Install jre 6u6 2 . Check the jre by opening command prompt and

typing java -version .Please make sure the version is shown correctly.3 . Install JMF

After that, run JMF Registry and click "Detect Capture Devices"4.Setup ad hoc mode on wireless interface . Make sure that

you use a correct given IP address.

-To run softwareDouble click MainStartup.bat in EasyDC folder

-To run HQ software CenterStartup.bat

GPS Location (GLoc) ServiceA GPS receiver is connected to each node through

Bluetooth. It receives the GPS information i.e. latitude and longitude

of the mobile nodeSends it to the Map server using DUMBO network. Map the position of all nodes comprising the network and

send for better co-ordination and administration.

GPS Location (GLoc) Service (Cont..)

GPS Location (GLoc) Service (Cont..)

Objectives: Detects active links Monitors traffic flows through different links Provides metrics and statistics dynamically which

demonstrates the link quality and system performance .

OLSR Link Monitoring (OLMon) System

OLSR Link Monitoring (OLMon) System (Cont..)

Features:Input parametersOutput parametersSnifferGraph PlotAnalysis

OLSR Link Monitoring (OLMon) System (Cont..)

Input parametersShows the default OLSR parameters such as HELLO

interval, TC interval, Hysteresis threshold limits etc. used for running the protocol.

The parameter values can be changed.

OLSR Link Monitoring (OLMon) System (Cont..)

OLSR Link Monitoring (OLMon) System (Cont..)

Output ParametersRun Time Packet Analysis: Shows the list of neighbor

nodes, Link failure, Packet loss , Packet loss rate, Delay and Current Node status.

Run Time Message Analysis: It shows the list of nodes originating the OLSR message, Message loss, Message Loss rate, Hop Count and Control Overhead corresponding to each originator node.

Run Time Average Figures: The section averages the values among all the nodes and shows the final figures at the run time.

OLSR Link Monitoring (OLMon) System (Cont..)

OLSR Link Monitoring (OLMon) System (Cont..)

SnifferCaptures the packets coming to the network interface. Shows the detail information of the packets captured and

current performance status. The packet information consists of the time, source node

generating packet, packet loss, packet loss rate, hop count, delay within the OLSR packet.

Illustrates a broad picture of the packet information useful for user to observe the ongoing performance in detail.

OLSR Link Monitoring (OLMon) System (Cont..)

OLSR Link Monitoring (OLMon) System (Cont..)

GraphThis section visualizes the network performance

graphically at run time. User can select type of plot interested along with the

necessary scale and tick steps.The system can generate different graphs for different

parameters like Average Link Failure, Average Packet Loss etc., with respect to time.

OLSR Link Monitoring (OLMon) System (Cont..)

OLSR Link Monitoring (OLMon) System (Cont..)

AnalysisProvides the user with the comparative analysis of the

ongoing network performance. The criteria for the determination of the traffic level are:

High – Above 75% of the highest Traffic Level Average – Between 75% to above 45% of the highest

Traffic Level Low – Below or Equal to 45% of the highest Traffic

OLSR Link Monitoring (OLMon) System (Cont..)

OLSR Link Monitoring (OLMon) System (Cont..)

HelpThis section provides user with the general instruction for

operating the system. User can exit from the plug-in by selecting “Exit” in the

“File” option in the menu-bar. Besides, “About” option gives the brief information about

the plug-in development. On exiting from plug-in, all the related threads are closed

and stop the application.

OLSR Link Monitoring (OLMon) System (Cont..)

OLSR Link Monitoring (OLMon) System (Cont..)

MANET Configure

MANET Configure (cont…)

MANET Configure (cont…)

MANET Configure (cont…)

GPS Receiver Connection

GPS Receiver Connection (cont …)

GPS Receiver Connection (cont …)

GPS Receiver Connection (cont …)

GPS Receiver Connection (cont …)

GPS Receiver Connection (cont …)

DUMBO 2 Network Setup

DUMBO 2 Network Setup (cont…)

DUMBO 2 Network Setup (cont…)

OLSR Over Network (OON)Sometimes, MANETs are connected to the

InternetWe create an overlay network covering both

MANETs and the InternetEasyDC can run on top on this overlay

network without being modified

OON configuration

Only fixed IP nodes exchange OLSR messages