emergency preparedness for public water systems
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Emergency Preparedness for Public Water SystemsAlaska Department of Environmental Conservation Sustained Compliance for Public Water Systems, Chapter 2 WorkshopAnchorage, Alaska Sept. 30, 2011
Tyler FanningDEC Drinking Water Program
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2Tyler FanningPublic Water Systems Security SpecialistDivision of Environmental HealthDrinking Water Program(907) 269-8924tyler.fanning@alaska.gov2Outcomes
How drinking water directly contributes to overall public health in an emergency
How drinking water systems can prevent, prepare for, and recover from natural disasters and human-caused incidents
Understand proposed emergency preparedness regulation changes that may affect your system33AgendaHistory and BackgroundPublic Water SystemsDisasters and Preparedness Milestones
Building blocks for a prepared water systemPersonal PreparednessVulnerability Assessment (VA) Emergency Response Plan (ERP)Staff training/exercises
Tools and ResourcesFederalStateMutual Aid Agreements
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Public Water SystemsDirect Contributor to Public HealthCritical Infrastructure
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"...water supply facilities offer a particularly vulnerable point of attack to the foreign agent, due to the strategic position they occupy in
keeping the wheels of industry turning and in preserving the health and morale of the American populace."J. Edgar Hoover First director of the FBI
66September 11, 2001Hurricane Katrina August 29, 2005
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Milestones in Emergency Preparedness7
Heightened awareness of the vulnerability of drinking water systems
Led to new regulations that amended SDWA
Focus was on intentional acts
8 Milestone: September 11, 20018
New Federal Regulation
9EmergencyPreparedness and Security Requirements for PWS9Milestone: Hurricane KatrinaWater sector was a critical infrastructure that was not well prepared
Utilities not aware of protocols for requesting assistance and communicating needs
In an emergency the government response will not be immediate
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10Preparedness is changing 9/11 Natural DisastersDetectDelayDeterRespondResponseRecoveryResilience11All-Hazards Planning
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Anchorage 19641213
Seward 1964 1314
Mt. Redoubt 19901415
Cleveland Volcano 20111516
Ash on carMt. Redoubt 20091617
Eagle 2009 17
18Seward 20091819
Seward 200919
Crooked Creek 2011202021
Caribou Hills 20072122
Kivalina 20112223
Hurricane Irene 20112324
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252526By failing to prepare, you are preparing to fail.- Benjamin Franklin
26 PWS Security RequirementsBioterrorism Act of 2002
27System Size Populations of PWSSubmitting a VA and VA Certification Certify to EPA completion of an ERP100,000 or moreMarch 31, 2003September 30, 200350,000 - 99,999December 31, 2003June 30, 20043,301 - 49,999June 30, 2004December 31, 200427Current Alaska Administrative CodeEffective Oct. 1999, ADEC 18 AAC 80 207(d)(4) states." a written contingency plan showing that the owner is able to provide water within 24 hours after an event that has the potential to cause contamination of the water system or a lack of water pressure or supply.
2828Alaska Regulations Future** Proposed in 2011 **
29System TypePopulation RequirementCWS/NTNCServing 1,000 or greaterVA and ERPCWS/NTNCServing 999 and fewerPriority MeasuresTNCServing 1,000 or greaterPriority MeasuresTNCServing 999 and fewerExempt29 All new public water systems beginning operation after effective date must have an ERP/PMP in place.
Systems currently in operation must complete an ERP/PMP within 18 months of effective date. Alaska Regulations Future Updated biennially30** Proposed in 2011 **30
313132Building Blocks for a Prepared Water SystemCoordinating with Partners32Personal PreparednessYou cant help anyone else if youre worried about yourself, your family, or your property.
Take care of you and yours first!
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33What is a Vulnerability Assessment?To plan for emergency, PWS needs to know :Which PWS component may failSeverity of failureDuration, financial and health effectsHow to alleviate problem34The process of identifying, quantifying, and prioritizing (or ranking) the vulnerabilities in a system.
Vulnerability from the perspective of disaster management means evaluating the threats from potential hazards to the population and to infrastructure.Gap Analysis - a process of identifying security deficiencies and tasks to be completed. This results in a prioritized action item list or punch list of items to be accomplished.
34Vulnerability Assessment (Cont.)A VA consists of four major elements35353636
373738
38A documented planDescribes actions to take in response to major incidentThreatsIntentional ActsMajor disastersCatastrophic incidentsDamage & severe disruptions
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The Emergency Response Plan39ERP: 8 Core Elements40Universal Core ElementsSystem Specific Information 2. PWS Roles and Responsibilities 3. Communication Procedures 4. Personnel Safety 5. Identification of Alternate Water Sources 6. Replacement Equipment/Chemical Supplies 7. Property Protection 8. Water Sampling and Monitoring 40Smaller Systems: The Priority Measures Plan
41Priority MeasuresIdentify alternate drinking water source(s) for both a short term (hours to days) and long term outage (weeks to months)Designate a method for distributing water from the alternate sourceEstablish a means for backup powerGenerate an emergency contact List and place at key locations throughout the facilityEstablish procedures for notifying users, related agencies, and media contacts of water quality, water availability, and how to obtain water from the alternate sourceFamiliarize and train system personnel with regard to these measure411. System Specific InformationPWSID, Owner, Contact information
Population Served and Service Connections
Distribution Map
Site Plans and Facility As-Built Engineering Drawings
Operating Procedures and System Descriptions including back-up systems and interconnections with other systems;
SCADA System/Process Control Systems Operations
Communications System Operation
Site Staffing Rosters and Employees Duties and Responsibilities
Chemical Handling and/or Storage Facilities and Release Impact Analyses 42ERP: 8 Core Elements42 2. PWS Roles & Responsibilities Establish a clear chain of command
Designate ER Lead
Evaluate incoming info
Manage resources, staff
Decide response actions
Coordinate efforts with 1st responders
Reachable 24/7
Identified roles are utility specific!43ERP: 8 Core Elements** Included in Priority Measures Plan **433. Communication Procedures:
Internal Notification ListInternal Chain of Command
External Non-PWS Notification ListFirst Responders & previously contacted entitiesAffected customers or critical customers\Vendors for replacement equip/chem supplies
44Public/Media Notification: Generate a set of general guidelines for the Media Liaison to follow to craft concise messages targeted for different audiences -- Media, residential, local health officials, business customers
Draft Press Releases and Public Water Restriction Notices in Advance
Have methods in place for delivering messagesIn a major incident, it may not be possible to use normal channel of communication.
Names/Titles/Land line /Cell/Email/Address/Pager
** Included in Priority Measures Plan **
ERP: 8 Core Elements44 Evacuation Plan Routes/Exits Assembly Areas and Accountability Emergency Response Equipment Personal Protective Equipment First Aid Kits Spill Prevention Control Risk Management Procedures MSDS Sheets UNDERSTAND WHEN AND HOW
45ERP: 8 Core Elements4. Personnel Safety45 5. Alternate Water Source Bulk water provided by certified water haulers or neighboring utilities
Bottled Water
Interconnect with nearby utilities
Water Pumped from surface water sources
Water from unaffected wells owned by citizens/business
Consider the amount of water needed to address short-term & and long-term
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** Included in Priority Measures Plan**ERP: 8 Core Elements46
Maintain an Updated Inventory of:
Current equipment (i.e. Pumps)
Repair Parts
Chemical supplies for normal maintenance and operations
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ERP: 8 Core Elements 6. Replacement Equipment & Chemicals47Protecting the facilities, equipment, and vital records is essential to restoring operations in the aftermath of an incident.Lock Down procedures Access control proceduresEstablishing a security perimeter following a major incidentEvidence protection measures for law enforcementSecuring buildings against forced entry
48ERP: 8 Core Elements7. Property Protection
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Identify and address special water sampling & monitoring issues that may arise during and after a major incident
Laboratory Contact List
Emergency Water Sample Collection Kit
Identify proper sampling and monitoring procedures for an unknown contaminant, as well as a variety of known contaminants
Obtain sample containers
Determine quantity of required samples
49ERP: 8 Core ElementsWater Sampling & Monitoring49Identify/Coordinate with 1st Responders & Other Partners Who Will Assist During a Major Incident5050
When Coordinating with Partners, Remember.. The Terms Emergency Response Plan & Vulnerability Assessment mean different things to different people
Specification is Imperative!5151Dont Assume That Those Responding to Your Emergency Know Your SystemYou may know your system well enough, but responders may not.
You may be relying on other parties during an incident.
You will need documentation readily available.
5252Now What?5353Action Plans AKA Rip n Run Plans or Response Guidelines
Tailored ERPs that address specific major incidents
One or two pages to cover specific response information (overall plan should be in place)
A document that can be detached and taken to the field by the ER Lead. Should include:Any special notification requirementsSpecial response steps to be taken upon ERP activationRecovery actions to bring the PWS back into operation545455
55Tools and Resources
Federal Agencies
State Agencies
Mutual Aid Agreements5657
Personal Preparedness http://www.fema.gov/pdf/areyouready/
http://www.redcross.org/Federal Tools/ResourcesIncident Command System (ICS) training ICS-100.Pwa Introduction to the Incident Command System for Public Works PersonnelCommon framework that emergency response and management community uses
http://training.fema.gov/IS/
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58More Federal ResourcesCDC Emergency Response http://www.bt.cdc.gov/
LEPC Database http://yosemite.epa.gov/oswer/lepcdb.nsf/HomePage?openForm
Effective Risk and Crisis Communication during Water Security Emergencies
59http://www.epa.gov/nhsrc/pubs/600r07027.pdf59Vulnerability Self Assessment Tool (VSAT) New version; software can be easily downloaded
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http://yosemite.epa.gov/ow/SReg.nsf/description/VSAT60WHEAT
61Software can be easily downloaded
Think numbers & $$
http://yosemite.epa.gov/ow/SReg.nsf/description/WHEAT61Response Protocol ToolboxOverviewWater Utility Planning Guide - Module 1Contamination Threat Management Guide - Module 2Site Characterization and Sampling Guide - Module 3Analytical Guide - Module 4 Public Health Response Guide - Module 5Remediation and Recovery Guide - Module 662http://cfpub.epa.gov/safewater/watersecurity/home.cfm?program_id=8
EPA Response Protocol Toolbox62
EPA Tabletop Exercise Tool (TTX Tool)
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http://www.epa.gov/safewater/watersecurity Contains various disaster scenarios concerning water systemsWater Contaminant Information Tool (WCIT)Register for access to online databaseOnline database containing information on upwards of 100 contaminants that pose a serious threat if introduced to a drinking water systemProvides quick access to vital information including treatment recommendations & system decontamination processesAs a planning tool, supports: VAs, ERPs, & Action Plans64
http://water.epa.gov/scitech/datait/databases/wcit/index.cfm64FREE Water ISAC Pro Trial Subscription $500 value65
https://portal.waterisac.org/web/65 National Weather Service River Forecast Center66
66State Tools/ResourcesDrinking Water ProgramPublic Water Systems Security and Emergency Preparedness webpageCD and/or onsite VA/ERP assistance
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ADEC Security Website:
http://www.state.ak.us/dec/eh/dw/security
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ADEC Drinking Water ProgramsEmergency Response Toolkit
68http://ready.alaska.gov/69
69A network of Utilities Helping Utilities united by the common threat of natural and manmade disaster
AKWARNIntrastate program organizing water/wastewater utilities via a non-binding agreement to provide rapid, short-term deployment of emergency services to recover from disasters70
Mutual Aid Agreements7071
CoWARN Alamosa, ColoradoProvided personnel, technical expertise, equipment and supplies within hours23 water and wastewater utilities, industry support organizations, and State of Nebraska assistedTracked donations of supplies/assistance from private businesses in network7273
73AWWAs WARN Websitehttp://www.awwa.org/Government/Content.cfm?ItemNumber=3837&navItemNumber=41859
74AWWMAs WARN Websitehttp://www.awwma.org/AKWARN/akwarn.htmlSponsored by Dept. Homeland Security & Emergency Management
Provides a forum for the public and private sectors to share information and develop strategy for continuity of services including energy, medical services, and other vital sectors.
Meets monthly
You can join remotely
www.ak-prepared.com/apip/default.htm
75Alaska Partnership for Infrastructure Protection (APIP)75Summary
How drinking water directly contributes to overall public health in an emergency
How drinking water systems can prevent, prepare for, and recover from natural disasters and human-caused incidents
Understand proposed emergency preparedness regulation changes that may affect your system767677? ? ?
78Tyler FanningPublic Water Systems Security SpecialistDivision of Environmental HealthDrinking Water Program(907) 269-8924tyler.fanning@alaska.gov78
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