endocrine system(13) 2
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HolesHuman Anatomy &Physiology
11th Edition
Chapter 13
Endocrine System
Chapter 13Chapter 13
Endocrine SystemEndocrine System
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I. General Characteristics of theI. General Characteristics of theEndocrine SystemEndocrine System
A. The endocrine system is made up of thecells, tissues, and organs that secretehormones into body fluids.
B. Local hormones include paracrine
secretions that are released to interstitialfluid and affect only nearby cells, andautocrine secretions that influence the cellsecreting the hormone.
C. Endocrine glands and their hormonesregulate a number of metabolic processeswithin cells, as well as reproduction,development, and growth.
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II. Hormone ActionII. Hormone Action
A. A hormone is a biochemical secreted byone cell that affects a specific target cellwith appropriate cell surface receptors.
B. Chemistry of Hormones
C. C. Action of Hormones
D. D. Prostaglandins
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III. Control of HormonalIII. Control of HormonalSecretionsSecretions
A. Hormone levels are very preciselyregulated.
B. Control Sources
C. C. Negative Feedback Systems
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IV. Pituitary GlandIV. Pituitary Gland
A. The pituitary gland is attached to the baseof the brain and has an anterior lobe(adenohypophysis) and a posterior lobe(neurohypophysis).
B. The anterior lobe secretes six hormones,and the posterior pituitary stores twohormones secreted by neurosecretorycells.
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IV. Pituitary GlandIV. Pituitary Gland
C. The hypothalamus controls the activity ofthe pituitary gland.
D. Anterior Pituitary Hormones
E. E. Posterior Pituitary Hormones
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V.V. Thyroid GlandThyroid Gland
A. The thyroid gland is located below thelarynx and requires iodine.
B. Structure of the Gland
C. Thyroid Hormones
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VI.VI. Parathyroid GlandsParathyroid Glands
A. The four, tiny parathyroids arelocated on the posterior of thethyroid.
B. Structure of the Glands
C. Parathyroid Hormone
D. Calcitonin and PTH exert oppositeeffects in regulating calcium ion
levels in the blood within preciselimits.
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VII.VII. Adrenal GlandsAdrenal Glands
A. The adrenal glands sit atop the kidneysenclosed in a layer of fat.
B. Structure of the Glands
C. C.Hormones of the Adrenal Medulla
D. D.Hormones of the Adrenal Cortex
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IX.IX. Other Endocrine GlandsOther Endocrine Glands
A. Pineal GlandB. B. Thymus Gland
C. Reproductive Glands
D. D. Digestive Glands
E. Other Hormone-Producing Organs
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X.X. Stress and Its EffectsStress and Its Effects
A. Factors that serve as stressors to thebody produce stress and threatenhomeostasis.
B. Types of Stress
C. C. Response to Stress
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The End.
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