energetics (en 32) chih-yung wen department of aeronautics and astronautics, national cheng-kung...

ENERGETICS (EN 32)

Chih-Yung Wen

Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng-Kung University, Taiwan

Office: #5832 Email:cywen@mail.ncku.edu.tw

ENERGETICS (EN 32)

TA: Huai-Ning Hsueh

Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng-Kung University, Taiwan

Office: #5908 Email:drumer0121@hotmail.com

ENERGETICS (EN 32)

Grading

1. Quiz 40%

2. Attendance 30%

3. Final exam 30%

Outline

Study the problem of energy (thermodynamics of open systems) and develop industrial applications in direct relation with the phenomena of thermal transfers and engineering sciences: in particular, thermo-solar energy conversion, photovoltaic conversion, nuclear energy.

Outline

Energy forms (Prof. Chih-Yung Wen)

State of energy (Prof. Chih-Yung Wen)

Solar energy for low temperature (Prof. Keh-Chin Chang)

Photovoltaic energy (Dr. Tung-Ching Tseng)

Nuclear energy (Prof. Chih-Yung Wen)

Nuclear fuel cycle (Prof. Chin Pan)

Fuel cell (option) (Prof. Chih-Yung Wen)

Outline

Class note

Website:http://www.iaa.ncku.edu.tw/~cywen/co urse/energy%20tec/energtec.htm

International Energy Profile

Energy (Hinrichs & Kleinbach) 2005(White paper, Energy Technology R &D)

Humanity’s Top Ten Problems for Next 50 YearsENERGYWATERFOODENVIRONMENTPOVERTYTERRORISM & WARDISEASEEDUCATIONDEMOCRACYPOPULATION

2003 6.3 Billion People → 2050 9-10 Billion

International Energy Profile

The 1st Oil Crisis—1973~1974 Oct., 1973. Outbreak of the 4th mid-east war, ten OPEC

member countries led by Syria started the war against Israel and her supporter

Oil price surged from US$ 3.011/ barrel to US$ 10.651/barrel

The worst global economic crisis after World War II U.S. industrial production ↓ 14% ， Japan ↓ 20%

International Energy Profile

The 2nd Oil Crisis—1979~1980 The Iranian Revolution, also known as the Islamic

Revolution, began in January 1978 with the first major demonstrations against the Shah (King Mohammad Reza Pahlavi ). After strikes and demonstrations paralyzed the country and its economy, the Shah fled the country in January 1979.

Iran officially became an Islamic Republic on 1 April 1979.

International Energy Profile

580 Million barrels ↓ 100 Million barrels Oil price surged from US$ 13/ barrel to US$

34/barrel Global economic recession in 70s.

International Energy Profile

The 3rd Oil Crisis？

International Energy Profile

Supply vs. Demand

BRIC: Brazil, Russia, India, China

International Energy Profile

Internet (Facebook) revolution

Egypt, Libya (next?) Oil price surged from US$ 80/ barrel to US$

100/barrel

台灣能源概況

International Energy Profile

Energy Prediction

 Oil 

 Natural

Gas

 Coal

 Uranium

Total Reserves(End of 2003)

11.477Hundred

Million barrels

175x1012

 M3

9,844.5Hundred

Million tons

3100 

K tons

Production(End of 2003)

280Hundred

Million barrels

2.6 x1012

 M3

51.3Hundred

Million tons

 －

Available years

41 67 192 53

IntroductionCoal

Oil

Natural Gas

Nuclear

Hydro

Bio-mass

Bio-mass (Non-commercial

Solar

Others

Total

Introduction

China 2002

Energy & Environment

Energy and EnvironmentGlobal Warming

Kyoto protocol, Dec. 1-10, 1997 The Parties (39 countries) shall, individually or jointly, ensure

that their aggregate anthropogenic carbon dioxide equivalent emissions of the greenhouse gases (Carbon dioxide CO2 (55%), Methane CH4, Nitrous oxide N2O, Hydrofluorocarbons HFCs, Perfluorocarbons PFCs, Sulphur hexafluoride SF6) do not exceed their assigned amounts, calculated pursuant to their quantified emission limitation and reduction commitments, with a view to reducing their overall emissions of such gases by at least 5 % below 1990 levels in the commitment period 2008 to 2012.

Energy and EnvironmentCO2 reduction

EU and East Europe countries ↓ 8 %, US ↓ 7 %, Japan, Canada, Hungary, and Poland ↓ 6 %, Australia ↑ 8 %, Iceland ↑ 10 %, Norway ↑ 1 %.

Establish “Clean Development Mechanism”

Establish “Emission Trading Scheme”

Energy and EnvironmentKyoto protocol

Implement and/or further elaborate policies and measures in accordance with its national circumstances, such as:

(i) Enhancement of energy efficiency in relevant sectors of

the national economy;

(ii) Protection and enhancement of sinks and reservoirs of greenhouse

gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol, taking into account

its commitments under relevant international environmental

agreements; promotion of sustainable forest management practices,

afforestation and reforestation;

Energy and EnvironmentKyoto protocol

Implement and/or further elaborate policies and measures in accordance with its national circumstances, such as:

(iii) Promotion of sustainable forms of agriculture in light of climate

change considerations;

(iv) Research on, and promotion, development and increased use of,

new and renewable forms of energy, of carbon dioxide sequestration

technologies and of advanced and innovative environmentally sound

technologies;

Energy and EnvironmentKyoto protocol

Implement and/or further elaborate policies and measures in accordance with its national circumstances, such as:

(v) Progressive reduction or phasing out of market imperfections, fiscal

incentives, tax and duty exemptions and subsidies in all greenhouse

gas emitting sectors that run counter to the objective of convention

and application of market instruments;

(vi) Encouragement of appropriate reforms in relevant sectors aimed at

promoting policies and measures which limit or reduce emissions of

greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol;

Energy and EnvironmentKyoto protocol

Implement and/or further elaborate policies and measures in accordance with its national circumstances, such as:

(vii) Measures to limit and/or reduce emissions of greenhouse gases not

controlled by the Montreal Protocol in the transport sector;

(viii) Limitation and/or reduction of methane emissions through recovery

and use in waste management, as well as in the production,

transport and distribution of energy;

Energy and EnvironmentKyoto protocol

Implement and/or further elaborate policies and measures in accordance with its national circumstances, such as:

(iii) Promotion of sustainable forms of agriculture in light of climate

change considerations;

(iv) Research on, and promotion, development and increased use of,

new and renewable forms of energy, of carbon dioxide sequestration

technologies and of advanced and innovative environmentally sound

technologies;

Energy and Environment

Copenhagen Climate Submit, December 7 to 18, 2009

to create international awareness to prevent climate change and global warming, and to create a new climate treaty to replace the Kyoto Protocol that runs out in 2012

Still no conclusive action!!

International Energy Profile

Energy classifications: Traditional energy, Renewable energy, Hydrogen energy and Waste energy

Traditional Energy: Fossil fuel energy (Coal, Petroleum, Natural gas) and Nuclear energy

Energy classifications

National Taipei University of Technology, Oct. 27, 2007

Renewable Energies Solar Energy (Concentrating Solar Power)

→ Solar thermal energy

→ Photovoltaic Wind Energy Hydroelectric Power Geothermal Energy Biomass Energy Ocean thermal Energy

National Taipei University of Technology, Oct. 27, 2007

National Taipei University of Technology, Oct. 27, 2007

ero Carbon Emission

National Taipei University of Technology, Oct. 27, 2007

Fuel Cell—H2 Energy

National Taipei University of Technology, Oct. 27, 2007

Fuel Cell—H2 Energy

National Taipei University of Technology, Oct. 27, 2007

Fossil Fuel Energy Boosting Power Plant Efficient Low Emission Boiler Systems—LEBS Pressurized Fluidized Bed Combustion—PFBC Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle—IGCC Indirectly Fired Cycle—IFC Advanced Turbine Systems—ATS

National Taipei University of Technology, Oct. 27, 2007

台灣能源概況

Cost analysis (Electricity Generation)

Energy Environmental Cost Elec. Gen. Cost Total Costr

aditi

onal

E

nerg

y R

enew

able

E

nerg

y

Electricity Generation Emission

Green House Gas Emission

Energy

rad

ition

al E

nerg

y R

enew

able

E

nerg

y

Solar thermal

Photovotalic

Wind

Hydro

Bio-mass

Coal

Oil

Gas turbine combined cycle

Diesel

Nation

Japan

EU

Holland

Denmark

AustriaSweden

Germany

France

Spain

ItalyU.K.

U.S.A.

Canada

India

MexicoBrazil

China

Near-term % (year) future % (year) Elec. Gen. % (year)

Conclusion

There is only one earth! Sustainable Development!

National Taipei University of Technology, Oct. 27, 2007

Thanks for your attention

National Taipei University of Technology, Oct. 27, 2007