energy for the industrial revolution. the need for energy the need for energy –early factories...

Energy for the Industrial Energy for the Industrial RevolutionRevolution

Energy for the Industrial Energy for the Industrial RevolutionRevolution

The need for energyThe need for energy– Early factories relied Early factories relied

on horses, oxen, on horses, oxen, water millswater mills

– Factories grew and Factories grew and required more powerrequired more power

– Steam engine Steam engine evolvedevolved

How the steam engine worksHow the steam engine works-Steam is forced from high to low pressure, Steam is forced from high to low pressure, produces powerproduces power

Effect of the steam engineEffect of the steam engine– Steam power used where Steam power used where

coal existedcoal existed– Requires enormous amounts Requires enormous amounts

of fuelof fuel– Increased textile productionIncreased textile production

(improve factories & transport)(improve factories & transport)– Improved mining – kept Improved mining – kept

them from floodingthem from flooding– Increased metalsIncreased metals– Fueled other industriesFueled other industries

Iron and CoalIron and Coal The need for ironThe need for iron

– Farming tools, factory machinery, Farming tools, factory machinery, railwaysrailways

– Smelting iron – chemical process Smelting iron – chemical process that makes it more purethat makes it more pure Makes steel more flexible and Makes steel more flexible and

durabledurable The need for coalThe need for coal

– Coal was abundant and replaced Coal was abundant and replaced expensive raw materialsexpensive raw materials

– Steam engines were powered by Steam engines were powered by coalcoal

Effect of iron and coalEffect of iron and coal– Britain produced more iron and Britain produced more iron and

coal than all other countries of coal than all other countries of the world combinedthe world combined

– No longer dependent on water No longer dependent on water powerpower

– Coal powered Britain’s Coal powered Britain’s enormous navyenormous navy

– Bessemer process reformed Bessemer process reformed (improved) smelting(improved) smelting Reduced the need for fuel in Reduced the need for fuel in

smeltingsmelting Eliminated second heating of ironEliminated second heating of iron Compressed gas to produce high Compressed gas to produce high

temperaturestemperatures

TransportationTransportation The need for better The need for better

transportationtransportation– Increased production Increased production

increased the need increased the need to transport goods to transport goods quickly and cheaplyquickly and cheaply

– Need to get goods to Need to get goods to and from factoriesand from factories

– Pre-Industrial society Pre-Industrial society used horses, mules used horses, mules and dirt roadsand dirt roads

TransportationTransportation InventionsInventions

– Stone and asphalt roadsStone and asphalt roads– CanalsCanals– Railroad era – The Railroad era – The RocketRocket 1829 1829

Effects of RailroadsEffects of Railroads– Expanded rapidly throughout BritainExpanded rapidly throughout Britain– Cheaper transportation increased Cheaper transportation increased

production and profitsproduction and profits– Railways fueled other industries (ex. Railways fueled other industries (ex.

Manufactured Products)Manufactured Products)

New Use of Raw Materials / New Use of Raw Materials / Energy SourcesEnergy Sources

– ElectricityElectricity– PetroleumPetroleum– SteelSteel

S. MelvinS. Melvin

Internal Combustion SystemInternal Combustion System

Where did all this happen Where did all this happen first?first?Great Britain / England / United Kingdom)Great Britain / England / United Kingdom)

Why Britain Led the Why Britain Led the Industrial RevolutionIndustrial Revolution

Labor Supply: Britain had many Labor Supply: Britain had many people who were able to workpeople who were able to work– Farmers forced to leave land for Farmers forced to leave land for

work in factories the city work in factories the city (“urbanization”)(“urbanization”)

– Even though working class was Even though working class was poor, the IR created lots of $$ - poor, the IR created lots of $$ - most of this went to the middle most of this went to the middle class (skilled workers, class (skilled workers, professionals.professionals.

Why Britain Led the Why Britain Led the Industrial RevolutionIndustrial Revolution

Natural Resources: Many Natural Natural Resources: Many Natural Resources available to run Resources available to run machinesmachines

- coal and iron- coal and iron- water power- water power

- Colonies able to provide needed - Colonies able to provide needed materialsmaterials

Strong Economy:Strong Economy:– People wanted to invest money in People wanted to invest money in

industriesindustries– Wealthy landowners and merchantsWealthy landowners and merchants

Why Britain Led the Why Britain Led the Industrial RevolutionIndustrial Revolution

EntrepreneursEntrepreneurs– Many capitalist business Many capitalist business

managers – building factories managers – building factories and looking for new marketsand looking for new markets

TransportationTransportation– Good harbors and canal systems Good harbors and canal systems

for tradefor trade– Large merchant fleet and navyLarge merchant fleet and navy

The British FleetThe British Fleet

Why Britain Led the Why Britain Led the Industrial RevolutionIndustrial Revolution

Markets:Markets:– England has colonies to sell England has colonies to sell

manufactured goods tomanufactured goods to– New jobs – New jobs – people had money to people had money to

spend on factory goods spend on factory goods Stable Government Stable Government

– No war at homeNo war at homeGovernment SupportGovernment Support

– Passed laws to protect businesses & Passed laws to protect businesses & help them expand (encourages help them expand (encourages entrepreneurs) entrepreneurs)