energy sources and types 8 th grade physical science
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ENERGY SOURCES AND TYPES
8TH GRADE PHYSICAL SCIENCE
Fossil Fuels
Renewable or Nonrenewable?
Definition Characteristics/Facts
Examples
Nonrenewable
Remains of ancient
animals and plants
preserved underground
Burning fossil fuels produces
greenhouse gases
1. Coal (solid)
2. Oil (liquid)
3. Natural gas
Natural Gas
Renewable or Nonrenewable?
Definition Characteristics/Facts
Examples
Nonrenewable
Fossil fuel gas (mostly
methane) trapped
underground in rocks
Pipes sunk into ground to
release gas
1. Used for cooking
and heating
2. Burn gas for heat
Coal
Renewable or Nonrenewable?
Definition Characteristics/Facts
Examples
Nonrenewable
Solid Fossil fuel mined from rock
layers
Form from dead plants and
animals that settle at the bottom of
swamps millions of years ago
Burn coal to produce steam to
make electricit
y
Uranium
Renewable or Nonrenewable?
Definition Characteristics/Facts
Examples
Nonrenewable
Nuclear energy stored in the nucleus
of an atom
Uranium-235 is used in nuclear power plantsAtoms split
during fission and give off heat
1. Three Mile
Island
Biomass
Renewable or Nonrenewable?
Definition Characteristics/Facts
Examples
Renewable
Stored chemical energy in organic
matter or wastes
-when burned produces
thermal energy-releases air
pollution
1. Wood2. Used to
make ethanol
Water
Renewable or Nonrenewable?
Definition Characteristics/Facts
Examples
Renewable
Mechanical energy of
flowing water turns turbine to generate electricity
Does not release air pollution or carbon dioxide
1. Dams2. Water
mills
Geothermal
Renewable or Nonrenewable?
Definition Characteristics/Facts
Examples
Renewable
Heat energy from below
Earth’s surface
Used to heat homes or generate electricity
1. Water heater
2. Can produce steam to
make electricit
y
Wind
Renewable or Nonrenewable?
Definition Characteristics/Facts
Examples
Renewable
Moving air caused by unequal
heating of atmosphere
-Change Kinetic Energy into
electrical energy-only some areas get enough wind
1. Windmill
Solar
Renewable or Nonrenewable
?
Definition Characteristics/Facts
Examples
Renewable
Electromagnetic energy that
travels through space in
electrical and magnetic waves
Not practical in
cloudy areas
1. Solar powered cars
2. Solar panels on house
3. Calculators!
Kinetic
Definition Characteristics/Facts Examples
Energy of MotionKE= ½ mv2
Velocity and mass affect KE
1. Rolling ball2. Rotating fan3. Moving car
Potential
Definition Characteristics/Facts Examples
Stored Energy2 main types:
1.Gravitational PE2.Elastic PE
1. Airplane in the sky
2. Rubber band
Mechanical
Definition Characteristics/Facts Examples
Amount of Potential and
Kinetic Energy in an object
TOTAL ME= constantME= KE + PE
1. Projectiles2. Roller coasters
Thermal
Definition Characteristics/Facts Examples
Total potential and kinetic energy of
particles
Kinetic energy increases as particles
move FASTER
1. Boiling water2. Lava
3. Ice cream melting
Electrical
Definition Characteristics/Facts Examples
Energy of electric charges
-Can flow or be stored-Easily converted
1. Lightning2. Electricity
Chemical
Definition Characteristics/Facts Examples
Energy stored in chemical bonds
(potential energy)
Energy released when bonds break
1. Food 2. Fuel
Nuclear
Definition Characteristics/Facts Examples
Energy stored in the nucleus of an atom (potential
energy)
Released during nuclear reactions
1. Sun2. Uranium
Electromagnetic
Definition Characteristics/Facts Examples
Energy of light or radiation Travels in waves
1. Light 2. Sound
3. Microwaves
Elastic Potential
Definition Characteristics/Facts Examples
Stored energy of objects stretched
or compressed
Further you stretch, more energy you have!
1. Rubber band2. Bow and
arrow
Gravitational Potential Energy
Definition Characteristics/Facts Examples
Stored energy related to an
object’s heightGPE= weight x height
1. Flower pot on windowsill
2. Roller coaster at top of hill
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