energy use in ontario homes samveg saxena under the supervision of dr. kamiel gabriel faculty of...

Energy Use in Ontario Homes

Samveg Saxena

Under the Supervision of

Dr. Kamiel GabrielFaculty of Engineering & Applied Science

Overview

• Effective conservation

• Ontario energy outlook

• Understanding energy in homes

• Home energy simulation

Conservation

1. Generate awareness

2. Present incentives

3. Provide the tools and expertise

4. Implement measures of conservation

Goal:

Understand energy usage in a home to

identify effective areas of conservation

Steps of an Effective Conservation Program

Energy Outlook

• Current generating capacity around 26,555 MW available

• All-time peak demand of 26,160 MW

• Extreme weather peaks: 26,931 MW

• Ontario is already facing a supply shortfall

Background

Energy Outlook

Ontario's Electricity Generation Mix

Oil/Gas, 4976 MW Coal,

6434 MW

Nuclear, 10882 MW

Miscellaneous, 66 MWHydroelectric,

7756 MW

Distribution of Generation

Data Source: “10 Year Outlook: An Assessment of the Adequacy of Generation & Transmission Facilitiesto Meet Future Electricity Needs in Ontario” – Independent Electricity System Operator (IESO)

Energy Outlook

• In the midst of a shortfall we are removing 6,434 MW of capacity from coal-fired GS

• Coal replacement plan only provides for 3,338 MW of new capacity

• Net difference Loosing 3,096 MW

• Demand expected to rise by 0.9% per year

Energy shortage

Energy OutlookEnergy Forecast

Source: “10 Year Outlook: An Assessment of the Adequacy of Generation & Transmission Facilitiesto Meet Future Electricity Needs in Ontario” – Independent Electricity System Operator (IESO)

Replacing Coal

• Effective at managing supply curve to match demand curves

• Units can be quickly started and stopped based on demand

The Advantages of Coal

Replacing Coal

• Build new generating stations that can quickly respond to high and low demands

• Implement means of demand-side management to shift peak demand to off-peak hours

Coal Replacement Options

Challenges

• Urgent need for additional generating capacity

• Major generation (ie. Nuclear or major hydro) can take up to 10 years to build

• Require IMMEDIATE decisions for creation of additional supply

• Require significant conservation efforts

New Generating Stations

Energy in Homes

• Home can be considered a control volume

Background

Energy In:- Conduction- Convection- Radiation

- Mass transport- Electricity

- Natural gas

Energy Out:- Conduction- Convection- Radiation

- Mass transport- Appliances

• Energy flow can be simulated through extensive computational analysis

Energy in Homes

• Heat transfer- Conduction - Convection -

Radiation

• Electricity usage (Power × time)

• Mass transport (measured in AC/h)

• Gas/oil, etc (mass flow × energy/kg)

cond

TQ kA

L

Energy Transfer

conv s sQ hA T T 4 4rad s s surrQ A T T

Energy in Homes

• Initial goal of project was to simulate energy flow through a home

• Literature survey revealed simulation tools already exist– Natural Resources Canada Buildings Group– CANMET Energy Technology Center

Literature Survey

Conclusion

• Ontario grid is already strained

• Significant challenges in upcoming years

• Advanced simulation tools exist to understand energy usage in a home

• Significant conservation efforts will be required to ensure grid-stability