engine transient thermal behavior and turbine blade … · engine transient thermal behavior and...
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EN
GIN
E T
RA
NS
IEN
T T
HE
RM
AL
BE
HA
VIO
R A
ND
TU
RB
INE
BLA
DE
TIP
C
LEA
RA
NC
E C
ON
TR
OL
Dr.
Bor
is G
leze
r,O
ptim
ized
Tur
bine
Sol
utio
ns, U
SA
11th
Isra
eli S
ympo
sium
on
Jet E
ngin
es a
nd G
as T
urbi
nes
,O
ctob
er 2
5, 2
012
Prio
r an
d F
utur
e P
rese
ntat
ions
on
the
Sub
ject
:1.
“Tur
bine
Bla
de T
ip D
esig
n an
d T
ip C
lear
ance
Tre
atm
ent”
, Von
Kar
man
In
stitu
te fo
r F
luid
Dyn
amic
s Le
ctur
e S
erie
s 20
04-0
1, V
KI
2004
2. “
Tur
bine
Bla
de T
ip In
tern
atio
nal S
ympo
sium
and
Tra
inin
g W
orks
hop”
Ham
burg
, Ger
man
y, S
ep. 3
0-O
ct.3
, 201
3
Pre
sent
atio
n O
bjec
tives
•A
DD
RE
SS
IMP
OR
TA
NC
E O
F T
HE
RM
AL
TR
AN
SIE
NT
S
FO
R E
NG
INE
DU
RA
BIL
ITY
AN
D P
ER
FO
RM
AN
CE
•E
MP
HA
SIZ
E C
RIT
ICA
L R
OLE
OF
BLA
DE
TIP
C
LEA
RA
NC
E (
TC
) V
AR
IAT
ION
DU
RIN
G T
RA
NS
IEN
TS
•IN
VE
ST
IGA
TE
TY
PIC
AL
RE
AS
ON
S C
AU
SIN
G T
IP
CLE
AR
AN
CE
PR
OB
LEM
S
•D
EM
ON
ST
RA
TE
EF
FE
CT
S O
F E
NG
INE
AP
PLI
CA
TIO
N
ON
TC
CO
NT
RO
L F
OR
AE
RO
AN
D IN
DU
ST
RIA
L E
NG
INE
S
•IL
LUS
TR
AT
E P
OS
SIB
LE M
EA
NS
OF
TC
IIM
PR
OV
EM
EN
T
Tw
o R
ealis
tic E
xtre
mes
Of T
urbi
ne S
truc
ture
Indu
stria
l App
licat
ion
Airc
raft
App
licat
ion
Ma
in E
ngin
e T
herm
al T
rans
ient
Issu
es
App
ly h
oi s
ide
TB
C;
use
curv
ed r
adia
lly
vane
trai
ling
edge
an
d/or
mat
chin
g sh
roud
thic
knes
s
Hig
h he
at lo
ad fr
om
com
bust
or s
ide
vers
us in
tens
ive
back
side
coo
ling;
h
igh
van
e ax
ial ∆
T
Com
bust
or li
ner
and
cool
ed n
ozzl
e va
ne
trai
ling
edge
(bu
cklin
g)
Exc
essi
ve lo
cal
tran
sien
t the
rmal
st
ress
Use
hon
eyco
mbs
, co
nsid
er b
rush
sea
ls,
cera
mic
s
Exc
essi
ve r
adia
l and
ax
ial r
otor
-to-
stat
or
tran
sien
t tra
vel
Prim
arily
rim
sea
ls a
nd
inte
rsta
ge s
eals
Lab
yrin
th
seal
d
ama
ge
Atte
mpt
ther
mal
m
atch
ing;
app
ly
pass
ive
and
activ
e m
etho
ds fo
r tip
cl
eara
nce
cont
rol
Rel
ativ
e ro
tor-
to
stat
or/c
ase
tran
sien
t di
spla
cem
ents
,ci
rcum
fere
ntia
l te
mpe
ratu
re v
aria
tion
in a
sta
tor
Prim
arily
firs
t tur
bine
st
ages
and
last
co
mpr
esso
r st
ages
Bla
de t
ip r
ubs
(per
form
ance
lo
ss a
nd p
ossi
ble
seve
re d
amag
e)
Pre
vent
hot
gas
in
gres
s in
to in
ner
cavi
ties,
incr
ease
bl
ade
shan
k le
ngth
, m
inim
ize
blad
e-to
-di
sc c
onta
ct a
rea
Hig
h he
at fl
ux a
t the
rim
cou
pled
with
low
co
nduc
tivity
tow
ard
cent
er
Rot
or d
iscs
, sta
tiona
ry
diap
hrag
ms
and
rota
ting
plat
esex
pose
d to
cyc
lic
yiel
ding
str
esse
s
Tra
nsie
nt th
erm
al
stre
ss fr
om
hig
h ra
dia
l ∆T
(LC
F)
Pos
sibl
e so
lutio
nsM
ain
caus
eA
ffect
ed
com
pone
ntP
robl
em
Non
-equ
al r
otor
-to
stat
or a
xial
ther
mal
dis
plac
emen
t rel
ativ
ely
to th
rust
bea
ring
Diff
eren
t rad
ial
tran
sien
t the
rmal
grow
s fo
r di
scs
and
stat
or
ρ·c
·V/ (
h ·A
s)T
ime
cons
tant
durin
g a
com
pone
nt h
eatin
g or
co
olin
g co
rres
pond
s to
a
mom
ent w
hen ∆
Ti=
63.2
%of
the
tota
l ∆T
at
the
stea
dy
stat
e
63.2
%
Initi
al e
quili
briu
m
T, h
, A
Indu
stria
l Cas
ing
Aero Casing
Tem
pera
ture
Res
pons
e of
Typ
ical
Com
pres
sor
or T
urbi
ne D
isc
Dur
ing
Star
t
Dis
c R
im
Dis
c B
ore
(Hub
)
Eff
ect
of B
lade
Rea
ctio
n an
d C
lear
ance
/Bla
de
Hei
ght
Rat
io o
n St
age
Eff
icie
ncy
% C
lear
ance
/h
Relative Stage Efficiency
Mai
n C
ontr
ibut
ors
To
TC
Pro
blem
:
* L
ack
of r
otor
-sta
tor
ther
mal
mat
chin
g*
Poo
r th
erm
al is
olat
ion
of s
hrou
d su
ppor
t str
uctu
re fr
om
the
gas
stre
am
* F
ailu
re to
pro
vide
con
cent
ricity
bet
wee
n ro
tor
and
co
rres
pond
ing
shro
ud lo
catio
n du
ring
tran
sien
ts*
Ove
rlook
ing
effe
ct o
f thr
ust b
earin
g lo
catio
n w
hen
axia
l th
erm
al g
row
th is
impo
rtan
t *
Lac
k of
des
ign
prov
isio
n fo
r m
inim
al d
amag
e fr
om ti
p ru
b*
Exc
essi
ve a
ccum
ulat
ed a
ssem
bly
tole
ranc
es
Sel
f sup
port
ed in
tegr
al n
ozzl
es –
blad
e tip
shr
oud
Diff
eren
t Opt
ions
for
Tur
bine
Noz
zle
Sup
port
Typ
ical
two-
vane
per
seg
men
t
nozz
les
need
sup
port
cas
ing
Inte
gral
noz
zle
cast
ing
Ver
y se
nsiti
ve to
ther
mal
dis
tort
ions
rela
ted
to c
ircum
fere
ntia
l ∆T
Stat
or S
truc
tura
l Des
ign
Req
uire
men
ts
•A
TT
EM
PT
TO
AC
HIE
VE
CL
OSE
TR
AN
SIE
NT
TH
ER
MA
L M
AT
CH
ING
BE
TW
EE
N R
OT
OR
AN
D
STA
TO
R
•ST
AT
OR
DE
SIG
N H
AS
TO
PR
OV
IDE
CIR
CU
MF
ER
EN
TIA
LL
Y U
NIF
OR
M T
EM
PE
RA
TU
RE
S A
ND
ST
AT
OR
RO
UN
DN
ESS
RE
GA
RD
LE
SS G
AS
PA
TH
TE
MP
ER
AT
UR
E V
AR
IAT
ION
S
•C
OM
PO
NE
NT
S A
SSE
MB
LY
HA
S T
O K
EE
P S
EG
ME
NT
ED
SH
RO
UD
EL
EM
EN
TS
RO
UN
DA
ND
C
EN
TE
RE
D
•ST
RIV
E T
O A
CH
IEV
E M
INIM
AL
TIP
CL
EA
RA
NC
E A
T M
AX
PO
WE
R S
TE
AD
Y S
TA
TE
•L
IGH
T T
IP R
UB
S D
UR
ING
TR
AN
SIE
NT
S SH
OU
LD
NO
T C
OM
PR
OM
ISE
RO
TO
R I
NT
EG
RIT
Y
•BL
AD
E T
IP D
ESI
GN
SH
OU
LD
PE
RM
IT T
IP W
EA
R W
ITH
OU
T M
ET
AL
TR
AN
SFE
R T
O T
HE
SH
RO
UD
•T
AP
ER
ED
BL
AD
E T
IPS
RE
QU
IRE
OP
TIM
IZE
DL
OC
AT
ION
OF
RO
TO
R T
HR
UST
BE
AR
ING
•D
ESI
GN
AN
D C
OO
LIN
G O
F S
TA
TO
R C
OM
PO
NE
NT
S SH
OU
LD
PR
EV
EN
T T
IP R
UB
SA
T H
OT
R
EST
AR
TS
•B
EA
RIN
G H
OU
SIN
G D
ESI
GN
HA
S T
O K
EE
P R
OT
OR
CE
NT
ER
ED
AT
AL
L O
PE
RA
TIN
G
CO
ND
ITIO
NS
•D
ESI
GN
SH
OU
LD
HA
VE
FL
EX
IBIL
ITY
TO
TU
NE
ST
AT
OR
CO
NF
IGU
RA
TIO
N A
ND
CO
OL
ING
•P
ASS
IVE
OR
AC
TIV
E T
IP C
LE
AR
AN
CE
CO
NT
RO
L M
EA
NS
AR
E R
EQ
UIR
ED
WH
EN
TR
AN
SIE
NT
T
HE
RM
AL
M
AT
CH
ING
BE
TW
EE
N R
OT
OR
AN
D S
TA
TO
R I
S N
OT
AC
HIE
VA
BL
E
TIT
,
Tra
nsie
nt th
erm
al
dis
pla
cem
ent
is p
rim
arily
a
func
tion
of p
art’s
vo
lum
e,
tem
per
atur
e an
d e
xpan
sio
n co
effic
ient
Tip
Cle
aran
ce C
ontr
ol O
ptio
ns
•P
AS
SIV
E–B
AS
ED
ON
TU
RB
INE
DE
SIG
N P
RO
VIS
ION
S
•S
EM
I-A
CT
IVE
–O
PE
N/C
LOS
ED
PO
SIT
ION
S F
OR
C
OO
LIN
G/H
EA
TIN
G M
ED
IA
•A
CT
IVE
–C
ON
TIN
UO
US
MO
DU
LAT
ION
OF
ST
AT
OR
C
OO
LIN
G/H
EA
TIN
G
The
rmal
Dro
op o
f B
eari
ng H
ousi
ng (
oil s
ump)
an
d R
esul
ting
Los
s of
Rot
or C
once
ntri
city
Sta
tor
Allo
ys
Dis
c A
lloys
Ti-9
Al-4
V
Coe
ffici
ents
of T
herm
alE
xpan
sion
for
Med
ium
and
H
igh
Tem
pera
ture
Mat
eria
ls
Sol
utio
n
conc
ept
Pro
blem
reve
aled
Hou
sing
Exp
ansi
on
Rot
or E
xpan
sion
Eng
ine
Mou
nt
Pla
ne
Min
imiz
ing
Tra
nsi
ent T
C b
y E
mp
loyi
ng
Axi
al T
her
mal
T
rave
l
Typ
ical
Des
ign
for
Sta
ge 1
HP
T C
oolin
g S
upp
ly(E
3E
ngi
ne,
ref
. N
AS
A C
R-1
680
69, D
ec1
982
)
Con
clud
ing
Rem
arks
(10
blad
e ti
p cl
eara
nce
com
man
dmen
ts)
•P
ER
FO
RM
AN
CE
GA
INS
JUST
IFY
OU
TM
OST
EF
FO
RT
S IN
M
INIM
IZIN
G T
IP C
LE
AR
AN
CE
S •
RO
TO
R-T
O -
STA
TO
R T
HE
RM
AL
MA
TC
HIN
G I
S A
KE
Y F
OR
P
ASS
IVE
TC
CO
NT
RO
L•
UN
IFO
RM
NO
-RU
B T
C R
EQ
UIR
E M
INIM
AL
TE
MP
ER
AT
UR
E
GR
AD
IEN
TS
IN S
TA
TO
R C
OM
PO
NE
NT
S•
LO
W T
HE
RM
AL
EX
PA
NSI
ON
AL
LO
YS
AN
D C
ER
AM
ICS
CA
N A
SSIS
T
IN A
CH
IEV
ING
SM
AL
L T
C•
PR
OP
ER
DE
SIG
N O
F R
OT
OR
SU
PP
OR
T S
TR
UC
TU
RE
IS
RE
QU
IRE
D
FO
R O
BT
AIN
ING
UN
IFO
RM
TIP
AN
D S
EA
L C
LE
AR
AN
CE
S•
TH
RU
ST B
EA
RIN
G P
OSI
TIO
NIN
G P
LA
YS
IMP
OR
TA
NT
RO
LE
FO
R
TA
PE
RE
D B
LA
DE
TC
•A
CT
IVE
TC
CO
NT
RO
L I
S U
SUA
LL
Y R
EQ
UIR
ED
FO
R L
IGH
T
WE
IGH
T A
ER
OE
NG
INE
ST
RU
CT
UR
ES
•C
RE
AT
IVE
DE
SIG
N T
EC
HN
IQU
ES
FO
R A
CH
IEV
ING
TR
AN
SIE
NT
T
HE
RM
AL
MA
TC
HIN
G C
AN
SIG
NIF
ICA
NT
LY
IM
PR
OV
E T
C•
TH
OR
OU
GH
RE
LA
TIV
E R
OT
OR
-TO
-ST
AT
OR
TR
AN
SIE
NT
D
ISP
LA
CE
ME
NT
AN
AL
YSE
S M
UST
BE
CA
RR
IED
OU
T A
FT
ER
C
OM
PL
ET
ION
OF
PR
EL
IMIN
AR
Y D
ESI
GN
•F
INA
L D
ESI
GN
VA
LID
AT
ION
RE
QU
IRE
S A
PP
LIC
AT
ION
OF
A
CC
UR
AT
E T
C M
EA
SUR
EM
EN
T M
ET
HO
DS
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