enhancing the rice-wheat system productivity in the more marginal areas of the indo- gangetic...
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Enhancing the Rice-Wheat Enhancing the Rice-Wheat System Productivity in the More System Productivity in the More
Marginal Areas of the Indo-Marginal Areas of the Indo-Gangetic Plains- Building on A Gangetic Plains- Building on A
Farmer Innovation in Water Farmer Innovation in Water Harvesting and Efficient Energy Harvesting and Efficient Energy
Management Management (TAG NO. 522-CIMMYT)(TAG NO. 522-CIMMYT)
A UN-IFAD ProjectA UN-IFAD Project
RCTs and
Micro Hydro TurboMicro Hydro TurboPump System Pump System
LAND WATER
INTEGRATIONINTEGRATION
Turbo pump systemTurbo pump system
Required capacity
pumps or alternators
Gear Box
Gear ratio (1:20-40)
Rotary M ode OfTurbine
Rpm (30 to 1500 rpm)
30-70 rpm
0-25 kW power
electricity
irrigation
Water flow
Sluice gate
Head of water
Milling flour
HistoryHistory•Vedic Age•From 4000BC till Date•Noriahs:Greek•Vitrovian wheels•Fuling mill: JohnPearson
Figure (undershot)Smearrn & Bossut -1759(nth experiment)To today's Mangal Water WheelHas undergone noMuch technological Advances even if Various scientificsystems haveReached optimal advances.
undershot
Why have these efforts not borne fruit in Indian Sub-continent?
Technical Feasibility….1
• Mind set : Village sites are remote & bound to be un-competitive – low productivity & quality – Maximum people socially illiterate,
suspicious of modern technology• No systematic efforts by technical
institutions to innovate technologies, management practices for decentralized production---limited expertise
• Technical education oriented towards organized sector alone
OUR PATH TO DEVELOPMENT
Developing Technically Successful Prototypes with satisfactory performance at lab unit
Further developing the RCT & Turbo prototypes
with satisfactory field trials
Preparation of Complete specifications for technology transfer
Identification of ProspectiveManufacturer & Workshop
Product development and production of sample prototypes
Promotion of Sample prototypes at application sites
System integration of energy conserving devices with various RCTs
Road Map for Promoting Energy Management
Integrating Hydro Power & RCTs
Step - 1
Step -2
Step - 3
Evolving commercial viability for appropriate rural Agriculture Systems
Dissemination – Training, enabling entrepreneur f inancing, Marketing support
Introduction of New Farming Method for Prof itability
Step – 4
Step-5
Step-6
Step-7
Step-8
Step-9
Step-10
Action Steps Responsibilities IIT/
Agro. Univ.
IIT D
CIMMYT
IITD
Manufac-
turer
Cimmyt
IITD
IIT D
Cimmyt
Cimmyt
Cimmyt
Cimmyt
Cimmyt
Start
Flow or head enough for required power
production
Yes
No
Require water storage and P E utilization?
Power can be produced
Start Turbine Design
`
Power requirement?
Select turbine speed as per power consuming device
No. of vanes to be kept odd
Material for manufacture according to availability: (best M, S material)
Design for assembly of the system; turbine, power transmission devices, pump or alternator as required
Install & stop
Specify flow rate and head
Calculate flow power
Procedure:Micro Hydro TurboSystem Design
Mangal Turbine (Old design)
(Farmers Version)New Turbine (Design I) (CIMMYT-
RWC-IIT Delhi)
Comparative Study of Original Design and that of R&D
Picture 1: With Dr BK Saha I A S Picture 2:With native Villagers
Place: River “SAJNAM” in Village Bhailoni Lodh,Lalitpur,Uttar Pradesh, India
Comparative Study of Original Design and that after R&D
Specifications Farmers Version Mangal turbine
New Design I Mangal Turbine
Weight of turbine 1500 kg 350 kg
Outer diameter of wheel 4.0 m 1.26m
Wheel speed 13 RPM 70 RPM
No. Of blades 24 14
Head 1.5m 1.5m
Water consumption 1800 lit/sec 500 lit/sec
Flow turning angle 70o for Big blade49o for Small blade
110o
(One type blade only)Blade width Big blade = 670 mm
Small blade = 435 mm 380mm
Blade depth Big blade = 235mmSmall blade = 100 mm
100mm
Gear box 3 stagesGear Ratio 1:125
2 stagesGear Ratio 1: 21.54
Material M.S. M.S.
Specific Speed 75 RPM 3771RPM
Pump discharge 22 lit/sec 22 lit/sec
Output power 6 KW 6 KW
Efficiency 22.7% 72%
Cost of wheelCost of gear box
80,000120,000
7,00014,000
$1800$2700 $320
$160
Turbo pump systemTurbo pump system
RAW-MATERIAL
PROCUREMENT-STORAGE PRODUCTSMARKETING
DAM STORAGESubsidisedmanufacture in workshop
ELECTRIC SupplyFLOUR MILLINGFISHERIES
ENERGY-PLANTATION- WASTE LAND AFORESTATIONReduction in GHG PRODUCTION
RURAL ENGG., TURBO m/c,RCTs WORKSHOPS
AD
MN
O
FF
ICE
STORAGE INTEGRATION REGULATION
POWER FERTILITY H20 SUPPLY
Zero Run-OffConcept of Water
HarvestingRCTs
POWER-HOUSE with EFFICIENT Consumables
Aforesta-tion+water table
Ferti-seed management
Soil up
gradation
turbopower
Services & Employment
ADMN. OFFICE
H R DResearchersProduction ManagersMarketing Personnel
Finance assistance
SERVICES
V.I.
Flour MillQuality seed
Electricity
F.P F.PF.P
Less Irrigation costs, Improved Quality and timing of Crop, Cut in C fuel usage, Electrification, Improved
Water Table, Optimal Ferti use, R & MECO-TECHNO UPLIFTED FARMERS IN IGP
Local hydro resources from surrounding villages/waste drains etc.
Local resources from surrounding villages
Conceptual Design & Layout towards Farm Profitability & Energy Management
Integrating RCTs and Hydro Power
Water shed
Micro HydroWater Wheel
HISTORY HISTORY
• The first reference to its use dates back to about 4000 B.C., where, in a poem by an early Greek writer, Antipater, it tells about the freedom from the toil of young women who operated small hand mills to grind corn.
• As early as the first century, waterwheels of the vertical design were replacing the horizontal waterwheel.
• An early horizontal-wheeled watermill used for grinding grain in Greece was the called Norse Mill. In Syria, the watermills were called "noriahs". They were used for running mills to process cotton into cloth.
• Of the three distinct types of water mills, – The simplest and probably the earliest was a vertical wheel with paddles
on which the force of the stream acted. – Next was the horizontal wheel used for driving a millstone through a
vertical shaft attached directly to the wheel. – Third was the geared mill driven by a vertical waterwheel with a
horizontal shaft
In Modern Times What do We Value the Most ?
Vitamin M MONEYWEALTH
This integrated technology that has got adopted & is the one
that has brought profits for the poor farmersIn remote IGP
Specification Farmer’s versionBhailoni Village
Lalitpur,UP
New Design I(Semera Village)
Lalitpur,UP
New Design II(KVK, Sonipat)
Haryana
Diameter in m 4 1.26 1.5
Head at site in m 1.5 1.5 1
Power developed 6kw 6kw 5kw
Water utilized to run 1800l/s 400l/s 450l/s
Pump discharge 22 l/s 22l/s 22l/s
efficiency 40%[t] 20%[p] 72%[t] 68%[p] 86%[t] 76%[p]
No. of blades 24 14 15
Principle impulse impulse impulse
Cost of wheel $1800 $160 $170
Cost of gear box $2700 $320 $400
Comparative study on development of Micro hydro water wheel
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