environmental literacy project michigan state university lesson 2.3: materials plants are made of
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Large Scale: Farm fieldBenchmark
ScalePower of Ten
Decimal Style
Large scale
Larger105
104
103
Larger100,00010,0001,000
Macroscopic
102
101
100
10-1
10-2
10-3
100101 meter0.10.010.001
Microscopic
10-4
10-5
10-6
10-7
0.0 0010.00 0010.000 0010.0 000 001
Atomic-molecular
10-8
10-9
Smaller
0.00 000 0010.000 000 001Smaller
Scale: 103 meters = 1000 meters Scale: 102 meters = 100 meters Scale: 101 meters = 10 meters Scale: 100 meters = 1 meters Scale: 10-1 meters = 0.1 meters Scale: 10-2 meters = 0.01 meters Scale: 10-3 meters = 0.001 meters Scale: 10-4 meters = 0.0 001 meters Scale: 10-5 meters = 0.00 001 meters Scale: 10-6 meters = 0.000 001 meters Scale: 10-7 meters = 0.0 000 001 meters Scale: 10-8 meters = 0.00 000 001 meters Scale: 10-9 meters = 0.000 000 001 meters
GlucoseStarch
What are plants made of?We can find out what materials plants made of by reading nutrition labels for plant foods. We will use labels with a serving size of 100 g.This means that 1 g = 1% of the materials in the food
An Example of a Plant Root: Carrots
Total carbohydrate = starch + sugar + fiber (such as cellulose)
How much starch is in 100 grams of carrots?
Organic Molecules in Plants
FATS
GLUCOSE
STARCH
PROTEINS
CARBOHYDRATES:
What atoms are organic molecules in plants made
of?
Minerals in PlantsPlants also contain minerals that are used for plant functions. These minerals have different kinds of atoms, including:• Nitrogen• Phosphorous• Calcium• Sodium
Other Molecules in Plants
Vitamins, minerals, and cholesterol make up less than 1% of plants (less than 1 gram out of 100 grams).
Water in Plants
Besides organic materials or biomass (fats, proteins, and carbohydrates) plants are made up mostly of water.
About how much water is in 100 grams of carrots?
How Much Water Is in Carrots?Organic materials in carrotsProtein: 1% (1 g out of 100 g)Carbohydrates: 10%Fat: 0%Cholesterol and vitamins: less than 1%Inorganic materials in carrotsMinerals (sodium, iron): less than 1%What’s left? WATER: about 89%
Chemical Energy in a Plant Root: Carrots
Organic molecules in plants have chemical energy in their high-energy bonds (C-C and C-H).
Calories measure how much usable energy is stored in the organic molecules of a plant.
Where are atoms moving from?
• Carbon dioxide in the air enters plants through their leaves
• Water in the soil enters plants through their roots
• Minerals enter plants dissolved in water through their roots
Plant Growth: The Movement Question
Plant Growth: The Carbon and Energy Questions
Carbon: Where do the atoms that make up carbohydrates, fats, and proteins come from?• Carbon• Oxygen• Hydrogen• Nitrogen
Energy: Where does the chemical energy in the high-energy (C-C and C-H) bonds of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins come from?
Plant Growth: The Carbon and Energy Questions
Carbon: What materials do the atoms that make up carbohydrates, fats, and proteins come from?• Carbon: from CO2 to glucose
made in photosynthesis• Oxygen: from CO2 to glucose
made in photosynthesis• Hydrogen: from H2O to
glucose made in photosynthesis
• Nitrogen: from soil minerals
Energy: Where does the chemical energy in the high-energy (C-C and C-H) bonds of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins come from?• From light to C-C and C-
H bonds in glucose made in photosynthesis
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