envisafe safety intro
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OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY
AND HEALTH (OSAFE)
2nd Sem. S.Y. 2008-2009PROF. RUBY PINEDA-HENSON, Ph. D.
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OSH LEGISLATION
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Philippine Constitution
Constitutional mandate to safeguardthe workers social and economic
well-being as well as his physical
safety and health
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LABOR CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES
As embodied in Article 162, Chapter 2 of Book Four of
the Labor Code of the Philippines,The Secretary
of Labor and Employment shall by
appropriate orders set and enforcemandatory occupational safety and health
standards to eliminate or reduce
occupational safety and health hazards in
all work places and insti tute new andupdate existing programs to ensure safe
and healthful working conditions in all
places of employment.
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Article 165 of the LCP
DOLE solely responsible for
administration and enforcement
of OSH laws, regulations,and standards
but, chartered cities may conductindustrial safety inspections.
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Article 128 of the LCP
1) Inspectors have access to employer records
and premises
at any time when work is undertaken
can copy such records
can question workers.
2) Can order compliance of labor laws
(after due notice and hearing)
3) Secretary can order stoppage of work orsuspension of operations in imminent danger
cases.
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Article 162 of the LCP
Secretary of Labor should:set mandatory standards
enforce such standards.
Article 164 of the LCP
Secretary of Labor should:
develop and implementtraining programs;
increase no. & competence
of OSH personnel.
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E. O. 307- created OSHC (Occupational
Safety and Health Center) in 1987 by then
President C. Aquino as the national authority
for: training
- research- information
- technical services/assistance
on OSH matters.
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Occupational Safety and
Health Standards Formulated in 1978
Considered as a landmark in Philippine labor and
social legislation
Amended in 1989, to provide all establishment
with better tool in promoting and maintaining a
safe and healthful working environment.
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Purpose and Scope Rule 1001
Duties of Employers and Workers Rule 1005
Hazardous Workplaces Rule 1013
Imminent Danger Rule 1012.02
Registration Rule 1020
Training of Personnel Rule 1030
Health and Safety Committee Rule 1040
Notification and Keeping of Accidentand/or Occupational Illnesses Rule 1050
Premises of Establishments Rule 1060
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Rule 1000 GENERAL PROVISION Purpose and Scope
To protect every workingman against the dangers ofinjury, sickness or death through safe and healthful
working conditions, thereby assuring theconservation of valuable manpower resources and theprevention of loss or damage to lives and properties,consistent with national development goals and withthe States commitment for the total development of
every worker as a complete human being. Shall apply to all places of employment except land,
sea and air transportation and mining installations.
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Workplace - the office, premises or worksite, where the workers are
habitually employed and shall include the office or place where the
workers, who have no fixed or definite worksite, regularly report for
assignment in the course of their employment
Note:
Establishments engaged in land, sea and air transportation are not
covered except their garages, dry docks, port hangars, maintenance
and repair shops
The activities of a lessee regarding safety of mining installations,
surface or underground, within the mining claim or lease, including
mine safety, mineral conservation and problem of pollution in
establishments or workplaces falling under Mining Industry as
classified by NEDA are not covered by this Standards
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Health -sound state of the body and mind of the
worker which enables him to perform his job
normally, in a state of well-being Safe or safety - refer to the physical or environmental
conditions of work or employment which substantially
comply with the provisions of the standard
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Administration and Enforcement
Enforcement officer - the industrial safety engineer, the
labor regulation officer or any duly authorized
representatives of the Secretary who enforces the
Standard Authorized representative - include chartered cities,
municipalities, employees or officials of other
government agencies empowered by the secretary of
DOLE to enforce the provisions of the standards Every establishment or place of employment shall be
inspected at least once a year
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Special Inspection Visits To do investigation of accidents, occupational
illnesses or dangerous occurrences, especiallythose resulting in permanent total disability or
death; To conduct surveys of working conditions
requested by BWC for the purpose of evaluatingand assessing environmental contaminants and
physical conditions; To conduct investigations, inspections or follow-
up inspections upon request of employer, workeror a labor union of the establishment.
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Duties of Employers, Workers and
Other Persons Each employer covered by the provisions of this
Standards shall: Furnish his workers a place of employment free from hazardous
conditions that are causing or likely to cause death, illness orphysical harm to his workers;
Give complete job safety instructions to all workers, especiallyto those entering the job for the first time, including thoserelating to the familiarization with their work environment,
hazards to which the worker are exposed to and steps taken incase of emergency
Comply with the requirements of this Standards
Use only approved devices and equipment in his workplace.
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Dutiescont Every worker shall cooperate with the employer
in carrying out the provisions of the standards. He
shall report to his supervisor any work hazard thatmay be discovered in his workplace
Any worker shall make proper use of all
safeguards and safety devices furnished for his
protection and that of others and shall follow all
instructions given by the employer
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Dutiescont It shall be the duty of any person, including
any builder or contractor or enforcement
agent, who visits, builds, renovates, or
install devices, or conducts business in any
establishment or workplace to comply with
the provisions of this Standards and allregulations of the employer.
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Confidentiality of Trade Secrets All information reported to or otherwise
obtained by the enforcement officer in
connection with any inspection or
proceedings under this Standards, which
contains or might reveal trade secret, shall
be considered confidential except that suchinformation may be revealed in any
proceeding where it is necessary.
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Abatement of Imminent Danger An imminent danger is a condition or
practice that could reasonably be expected
to cause death or serious physical harm
before abatement under the enforcement
procedures can be accomplished.
When an enforcement officer finds that animminent danger exists in a workplace, he
can recommend the stoppage of operation.
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Suspension of Rules
The Secretary may issue to an employer-applicanta temporary order suspending the effectivity dateof a Rule or any part of this Standards for thefollowing reasons:
The unavailability of professional or technicalpersonnel or of materials and equipment needed tocomply with the rule;
Necessary construction or alteration of the prescribed
facilities cannot be completed on the effectivity dateof the rule;
The employer is participating in experiments orstudiers approved or conducted by BWC
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Variation Order If there shall be practical difficulty or
unnecessary hardship in complying with
the requirements of any rule or provision of
this Standards, the Secretary,upon the
recommendation of the Director, may issue
an order allowing a variation in complyingwith the requirements.
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Hazardous Workplaces Where the nature of work exposes the workers to
dangerous environmental elements, contaminants
or work condition including ionizing radiation,chemical, fire, flammable substances, noxious
components and the like
Where the workers are engaged in construction
works, logging, fire fighting, mining, quarrying,
blasting, stevedoring, dock work, deep sea fishing
and mechanized farming
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Hazardous Workplaces Where the workers are engaged in the
manufacture or handling of explosives and other
pyrotechnic products Where the workers use or are exposed to power
driven or explosive powder actuated tools
Where the workers are exposed to biologic agentssuch as bacteria, fungi, viruses, protozoa,
nematodes, and other parasites
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Recognized hazards - those which do not require
technical or testing devices to detect
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Rule 1020 REGISTRATION Every employer shall register his business
with the Regional Labor Office or
authorized representative havingjurisdiction thereof to form part of a databank of all covered establishments.
Establishment regardless of size of economicactivity, whether small, medium or largescale in one single location, shall be oneregistrable unit.
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Rule 1030 :Training of Personnel
in Occupational Safety and Health Training Program
Accreditation
Training and Personnel Complement
Qualification of Safety Consultants
Prohibition in the Practice of OSH
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Rule 1040
Health and Safety Committee
In every place of employment, a health and
safety committee shall be organized withinsixty (60) days after this Standards takes
effect and for new establishments within
one (1) month from the date the business
starts operating.
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Health and Safety Committee shall be organized
according to the number of workers in a
workplace. The HSC consists of a Chairman,Members and Secretary (Safety Man)
Type A: more than 400 workers
Chairman -Manager or authorized representative
Members- Two department heads and Four
workers (union members) and Co. Physician
Secretary - Safety Man
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Type B (over 200 to 400 workers)
Chairman- manager or authorized
representative who must be a top operating
official
Members - one supervisor, three workers
(union members), co. physician or nurse
Secretary - Safety Man
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Type C (over 100 to 200 workers)
Chairman- manager or authorized
representative
Members - one foreman, three workers
(union members), nurse
Secretary - Safety Man
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Type D (less than 100 workers)
Chairman- Manager
Members - one foreman, three workers
(union members), nurse/first aider
Secretary - Part-time safety man
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Type E (Joint Committee) - Two or more establishments
housed under one building:
Chairman- chairman of an establishment committeeMembers - two supervisors from two different
establishment, two workers from two different
establishment (union members), co. physician or nurse
Secretary - Appointed by the chairman (in high risebuilding, the bldg.. Administrator)
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Duties of the Health and Safety Committee Plans and develops accident prevention programs
Inspects workplace to detect unsafe conditions
Reviews results of accident investigations and implements accident
prevention
Conducts safety meetings at least once a month
Submits report to the manager/owner on its meetings and activities
Provides necessary assistance to government inspecting authorities
Train workers in safe work habits and procedures
Develops and maintains a disaster contingency plan and organizes
emergency service units
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Duties of the Employer
Adopts the administrative policies on safety in accordance
with the provisions of the standards
Reports to the enforcing authority the policies adoptedand the safety organization established
Submits report to the enforcing authority once in every
three months on the safety performance, safety committee
meetings and its recommendations and measures taken to
implement the recommendations
Acts on the recommendations of the Safety Committee
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Duties of workers
Follow safety policies
Report unsafe conditions and practices to the supervisor
Serve as members of the Safety and Health Committee Cooperate with the Safety and Health Committee
Assist government agencies in the conduct of health and
safety inspection
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Occurrences which shall be investigated and
reported Explosion of boilers used for heating or power
Explosion of a receiver or storage container, with pressure greater than
atmospheric of any gas or any liquid, due to the compression of such gases or
liquid
Bursting of a revolving wheel, grinderstone or grinding wheel operated bymechanical power
Collapse of a crane, derrick, winch, hoist, or other appliances used in training
or lowering persons or goods or any part thereof, overturning of crane, except
the breakage of chain or rope sling
Explosion or fire causing damage to the structure of any room or place inwhich persons are employed, or to any machine contained therein resulting in
the suspension of ordinary work in such a room or place, or stoppage of
machinery or plant for not less than 24 hours
Electrical short circuit or failure of electrical machinery, plant or apparatus,
attended by explosion or fire causing structural damage thereto and involving
stoppage and misuse for not less than 24 hours
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Frequency rate = total number of disabling injuries per million
employee-hours of exposure
Severity rate = total number of days lost or charged per million
employee-hours of exposure
Exposure is the total number of hours worked by all employees in
each establishment including employees of operating, production,
maintenance, transportation, electrical, administrative, sales and other
depts.
Disabling injuries - work injuries which result in death, permanent
total disability, permanent partial disability or temporary total
disability
Non-Disabling Injuries (Medical Treatment) injuries which do not
result into disabling injuries but require first aid or medical attention
of any kind
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Rule 1060
Premises of Establishment
General Provisions
Construction and Maintenance Space requirement
Walkway Surface
Floor and Wall Opening
Stairs
Railings
Fixed Ladders
Yard
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Rule 1060
Premises of Establishment General Provisions:
Premises of establishments shall be provided with necessary danger
signs and safety instructions in standard colors and sizes properly
positioned within the compound to increase safety especially at night.Handicapped employees should be restricted to designated
workplaces and provided with facilities for safe and convenient
movement within the establishment.
Good housekeeping shall be maintained at all times through
cleanliness of building, yards, machines, equipment, regular wastedisposal, and orderly arrangement of processes, operations, storage
and filing of materials.
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Personal Facilities: Adequate comfort rooms and
lavatories separate for male and female workers and
adequate dressing rooms for females workers and locker
rooms for male workers shall be provided (LCP). The
number of comfort facilities for a given number of
workers shall conform with DOH requirement.
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Construction and Maintenance All buildings, permanent or temporary shall be structurally safe and
sound to prevent their collapse.
Roof shall be of sufficient strength to withstand normal load,
typhoons and strong winds in addition to normal weather conditionsand where required to carry suspended loads.
Foundations and floors shall be of sufficient strength to sustain safely
the loads for which they are designed and under no condition shall
they be overloaded.
Plans for the proposed new construction and alterations or substantialrepairs of buildings shall be submitted to the Building Official for
examination and approval.
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Space Requirement in a Workroom
The minimum height from floor to ceiling shall
be 2.7 m (8-10); if air-conditioned, 2.4 m (7-
10). Adequate spaces shall be provided betweenmachinery and equipment to allow normal
operation and repair. Passageway between
machinery and equipment shall not be less than
60 cm (24 in). Space requirement per person is11.5 cu.m.
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Standard colors of signs for safety instructions
and warnings in building premises
Red - Fire Protection (to call attention to fire protection
equipment, apparatus and facilities)
Green - Safety (location of first aid equipment,safetydevices, bulletin boards)
White - Traffic (white, black or a combination of these are
the basic colors for designation of traffic and
housekeeping marking)
Yellow - Caution (construction equipment, handrails,
piping systems containing dangerous materials, waste
container for explosive or highly combustible material)
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Standard colors of signs for safety instructions
and warnings in building premises Orange - Alert ( To designate dangerous parts of
machines or energized equipment, to designate the sign
do not open or remove)
Blue - Precaution ( To designate caution, limited to
warning against starting, use of, or movement of
equipment under repair e.g. Men at Work, Under Repair)
Purple - Radiation (To designate hazards. Yellow is used
in combination with purple for markers, such as tags,
labels, signs and floor markers)
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Safety measures to be observed within premises of
establishments Any obstruction from walkway surface must be cleared.
Floors, stairs and landings shall not be slippery. If necessary, non-slip
walkway surface must be provided
Ladderway opening and stairway opening shall be guarded on all
exposed sides by permanent railings and toeboards except entrance tostairway.
Manhole floor openings shall be guarded by manhole covers of
adequate strength which need not be hinged.
Floor openings where persons cannot accidentally fall on account of
fixed machinery, equipment or wall shall be guarded by covershaving openings no more than 2.5 cm in width securely held in place.
Construction of floors, stairs, windows, ladders, overhead walks,
runways and platforms must be in accordance with the OSH
Standards
Rule 1070
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Rule 1070
Occupational Health and
Environmental Control
Threshold Limit Values (TLV) for
Airborne Contaminants and PhysicalAgents
Working Environment Measurement(WEM)
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General Provisions: The rule establishes
threshold limit values for toxic and
carcinogenic substances and physicalagents which may be present in the
atmosphere of the work environment
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Threshold limit Valuestime weighted
concentrations for an 8-hour workday and a
total of 48 hours of exposure per week
for airborne contaminants
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Physical Agents Noise
Illumination
Lighting
Ventilation
Air supply Air Movement
Temperature and Humidity
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EXISTING WORK ENVIRONMENT IN THE
PHILIPPINES
A Study of the Prevailing Working Conditionsin Different Industries
-study done by the Occupational Safety andHealth Center (OSHC) of the Department ofLabor and Employment (DOLE) to assess theworking environment of different industriesespecially monitoring of workers exposure toharmful agents and to determine the rate ofcompliance to Rule 1070 or the OccupationalHealth and Environment Control
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Analysis of the results of the Work
Environment Measurement (WEM) done
from January 1998 to July 2002
WEMa method of determining the actual
workplace conditions as well as their
environmental stresses and their possibledeleterious effects on the workers health
through direct measurement of hazards
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Data on the Study (19982002) No. of establishments = 504
39.9% small scale enterprises
39.7% large scale enterprises
20.4% medium scale enterprises
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Types of establishments:
Electronics and semi-con - 24.2%
Metal products12.3%
Government and academe11.7%
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Assessments Requested:
General Ventilation = 301 companies
Noise = 216
Airborne dust = 132
Lead fumes = 113
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Results of the Study Many of the workers are in hazardous
places:
General Ventilation- many of the companiesdid not meet the recommended control
velocity range set by the American
Conference of Governmental Industrial
Hygienists (ACGIH)
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Heat Exposure61 (78.2%) companies
have high level of heat exposure
Workers in metal products, rubber and plasticmfg were found to be severely exposed to
high levels of heat in their workplace
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Noise92 (42.6%) companies were found
to have exceeded the permissible noise
exposure level of 90 dBA for an 8 hourworking exposure
23 of 39 food and beverage manufacturers
have excessive nose levels followed by metalproduct and plastic rubber industries with a
total number of 23 and 14, respectively
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Illumination77 (79.4%) companies wereassessed to have levels that did not meet
the minimum lighting requirementscorresponding to the varied nature ofactivities in the work areas
38.5% of food and beverage companies,
25.8% of metal products manufacturers and19.4% of the rubber and plasticmanufacturers have poor lighting conditions
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Exposure to gases (most common were carbon
monoxide, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide,
ozone, nitrogen dioxide and oxygen) In general, exposure of workers was below the
corresponding Threshold Limit Values (TLVs)
Workers exposure to various organic solvents in
different industries was within the correspondingTLVs
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Exposure to airborne dust (132 companies)
6.8% of companies were found to have dust
concentrations that exceeded the TLVs forrespirable and total dust
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Exposure to inorganic acids in different
companies was within the corresponding
TLVs
More than half of the 504 companies
assessed need improvement on their
working conditions to comply with Rule1070
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Implications of the study/database
Can serve as basis for OSHC to continuously
assess the companies in the improvement ofworking conditions, serve as input to new
labor enforcement and complement future
studies/research
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The prevention of occupational diseases
and the prevention of the health of workers,
both physical and mental can only beachieved by providing a healthy,
comfortable and hazard-freeworking
environment
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