envisioning smart cities that deliver societal benefits · x = lighting x = waste x = water x =...

Envisioning Smart Cities that Deliver Societal Benefits

Pramod P. KhargonekarUniversity of California, Irvine

Smart Cities for a Sustainable GlobalizationNational Academy of Engineering Symposium at Illinois Tech April 24, 2019

Past

19111881 1930’s

1953 1990

US Manufacturing – Large Growth in Output but at Much Lower Epmployment

Automation + Globalization

“The original idea of the web was that it should be a collaborative space where you can communicate through sharing information.”

Tim Berners-Lee

Source: http://nymag.com

/intelligencer/2018/04/an-apology-for-the-internet-from-the-

people-who-built-it.htm

l

Technological Innovations have (Unintended) Consequences

Future

Source: OEC

D

Global economy will double in the next 20 years

A Rapidly Urbanizing World

Source: European Environment Agency, UN

Cities will be Major Contributors to Economic Growth and CO2 Emissions

Source: Floater, Rode et al. 2014 Cities and the New Climate Economy: the transformative role of global urban growth.

Smart Cities

Source: OEC

D, The M

etropolitan Century, 2015

Smart-X and Key Enabling Technologies

SensorsCommunications

Internet-of-thingsData analytics

Machine learning and AIDistributed control

AutomationCybersecurity

Cloud Computing

X

X in Smart Cities

X = Mobility

X = Energy

X = Connectivity

X = Lighting

X = Waste

X = Water

X = Emergency response

X = Government services

Cities are Complex Systems

“In the last fifty years our view of cities has beenturned on its head. In the mid 20th century, thepredominant analogy was that a city was like amachine, controlled from the top down andfunctioning in straightforward, ordered terms. Todaywe consider that cities are more like organisms.”

M. Batty, The Age of the Smart City, 2017

How can we ensure that smart cities technologies will produce important societal benefits and

minimize negative outcomes?

Smart Cities and Social Responsibility

Major Challenges in Achieving Smart City Benefits

Data ownership

Privacy

(Cyber-)Security

Governance

Trust

Equity, fairness, bias

Funding, financing, business models, …

Socially Responsible Automation Framework

Source: Sampath and Khargonekar, NAE Bridge, Winter 2019

Source: Baum-Snow and Pavan, Inequality and City Size The Review of Economics and Statistics, December 2013

Growing Inequality is Exacerbated in Cities

Smart Cities for Inclusive Economic Growth

“We must learn collectively from a decade of experimentation in smart cities across the globe. It is time to take stock of what has worked, what has not worked, and what can be improved to leverage digital innovation for more inclusive and sustainable outcomes.”

Angel Gurria, Secretary General, OECD, December 2018

Source: OECD

Smart Cities should Focus on People and Networks

Highly dynamic interacting networks

Multiple time scales

Spatially distributed

Globally connected

Complex systems

Sustained Meaningful Partnerships Needed

Source: van Waart et al, A Participatory Approach for Envisioning a Smart City, 2015

“What is needed is a systematic change in the relationship between governments, citizens, and other stakeholders as well as a shared vision between these stakeholders on the future smart city.”

Comments

Ideas

Questions?

pramod.khargonekar@uci.eduhttp://faculty.sites.uci.edu/khargonekar/