eoc vocab list
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EOC Vocab List
#63-125
63
This type of cell division produces 4 genetically
different haploid gametes.
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Meiosis
64
This type of cell division produces 2 genetically identical diploid body
cells.
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Mitosis
65
This means that the cell has one complete set of
chromosomes with 2 alleles for every gene.
65
Diploid
66
This means that the cell has half the original
number of chromosomes with 1 allele for every
gene.
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Haploid
67
These are chromosomes that contain the same
genes but not necessarily the same alleles.
67
Homologous (Chromosomes)
68
This the process that begins in Prophase I of Meiosis that increases
genetic diversity.
68
Crossing Over
69
This is the first stage of Mitosis in which the spindle forms, chromatin condenses into chromosomes, and the
nuclear membrane dissolves.
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Prophase
70
This is the phase of Mitosis where
chromosomes are lined up along the equator of
the cell.
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Metaphase
71
This is the phase of Mitosis where the sister
chromatids are separated and pulled to opposite
poles of the cell.
71
Anaphase
72
This is the final stage of Mitosis in which the spindle dissolves,
chromosomes unwind into chromatin, and the nuclear
membrane reforms.
72
Telophase
73
This can produce genetic disorders such as Down’s
Syndrome if chromosomes do not separate correctly
during Meioisis.
73
Nondisjunction
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This organ system is responsible for producing hormones and includes the thyroid and adrenal
glands.
74
Endocrine
75
This organ system is responsible for filtering the blood and includes
the kidneys.
75
Urinary/Excretory
76
This organ system is responsible for
transporting blood from the heart to all of the
other tissues of the body.
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Cardiovascular
77
This organ system is responsible for gas
exchange and includes the lungs.
77
Respiratory
78
This organ system is responsible for
communication of stimuli and coordinating
responses within the body.
78
Nervous
79
This is the part of the experiment that is
purposefully changed and causes the change in the
measured variable.
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Independent Variable
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This is the part of the experiment that is the
measured effect of changing the
manipulated variable.
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Dependent Variable
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This is the part of an experiment that is used for comparison because
the independent variable is not changed.
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Control Group
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This is the part of an experiment in which the independent variable is
changed.
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Experimental Group
83
This is a different form of a gene.
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Allele
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This is the segment of DNA that codes for a
specific protein.
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Gene
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This is a compound that contains carbon.
85
Organic
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This is a compound that does not contain carbon.
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Inorganic
87
This is a macromolecule that is used for energy
and includes monosaccharides and
polysaccharides.
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Carbohydrates
88
This is a macromolecule that is used for providing a
waterproof barrier and storing long-term energy which includes fatty acids and
triglycerides.
88
Lipids
89
This is a macromolecule that is used for controlling the rate
of reactions, transport of substances, fighting infection,
and building tissues.
89
Protein
90
This is a macromolecule that is used for storing
and transmitting genetic information.
90
Nucleic Acid
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This is the monomer that makes up a protein.
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Amino Acid
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This is a monomer that makes up a nucleotide and
consists of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group,
and a nitrogen base.
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Nucleotide
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This is a double ringed nucleotide that includes Guanine and Adenine.
93
Purine
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This is a single ringed nucleotide that includes Cytosine, Thymine, and
Uracil.
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Pyrimidine
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This is the nucleic acid that is the genetic code of a cell and is transmitted to the next generation.
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DNA
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This is the nucleic acid that is responsible for making a copy of the genetic code within the
nucleus and carrying the instructions into the
cytoplasm.
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Messenger RNA
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This is the nucleic acid that is responsible for decoding the
RNA copy of the gene and transferring the amino acids to
the ribosome in the correct sequence.
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Transfer RNA
98
This is the nucleic acid that is responsible for
bonding the amino acids together to form a
polypeptide.
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Ribosomal RNA
99
This is the enzyme that is responsible for adding
complementary base pairs to the new strands of DNA
during DNA replication.
99
DNA Polymerase
100
This is the enzyme that is responsible for breaking the
hydrogen bonds that hold the two complementary strands of
DNA together during DNA replication.
100
Helicase
101
This is the process of copying the DNA
sequence into the complementary sequence of RNA within the nucleus.
101
Transcription
102
This is the process of bonding the correct
sequence of amino acids together in order to build
a protein.
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Translation
103
This is the physical expression of a specific
inheritable trait.
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Phenotype
104
This is the genetic makeup of an organism
that determines the expression of a specific
trait.
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Genotype
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This is a form of a gene that only requires one
allele in order to be expressed in the
phenotype.
105
Dominant
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This is a form of a gene that requires two alleles in order to be expressed
in the phenotype.
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Recessive
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This is an inheritance pattern in which two
alleles are equally expressed in the
phenotype.
107
Codominance
108
This is an inheritance pattern in which two
alleles are expressed in order to produce an
intermediate phenotype.
108
Incomplete Dominance
109
This is an inheritance pattern in which males and females have an equal chance of inheriting
the trait. Both males and females must inherit two alleles
in order to express the trait.
109
Autosomal Recessive
110
This is an inheritance pattern in which males have a higher chance of inheriting the trait than females.
Females must inherit two alleles but males only have to inherit one allele in order to express the trait.
110
Sex-Linked Recessive
111
This means that an individual has two
identical alleles for a particular trait.
111
Homozygous
112
This means that an individual has two
different alleles for a particular trait.
112
Heterozygous
113
This is the ability for an organism to maintain a
stable internal environment.
113
Homeostasis
114
This type of molecule makes up the two distinct
layers of biological membranes.
114
Phospholipid
115
This type of molecule is a protein that speeds up
chemical reactions by lowering the amount of activation energy required for the
reaction to occur.
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Enzyme
116
This is type of molecule is the major source of energy for the cell.
116
ATP
117
This type of chemical bond is the strongest and forms because electrons
are shared.
117
Covalent (Bond)
118
This type of chemical bond is the weakest and is and forms because of
electric charges between molecules.
118
Hydrogen (Bond)
119
This type of molecule is partially charged due to the unequal sharing of
electrons.
119
Polar
120
This is formed when atoms gain or lose
electrons and therefore become electrically
charged.
120
Ion
121
This is formed when atoms gain or lose
neutrons and therefore have a different atomic
mass.
121
Isotope
122
This is the property of water that allows water
to rise.
122
Capillary Action
123
This is the property of water that causes water
molecules to form hydrogen bonds with
other water molecules.
123
Cohesion
124
This is a solution that has a higher concentration of
H+ ions and a lower concentration of OH- ions.
124
Acid
125
This is a solution that has a lower concentration of
H+ ions and a higher concentration of OH- ions.
125
Base
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