epa and fda flea products by dr. mark grossman copyright ... · cats 8 weeks monthly spot-on kills...
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EPA and FDA Flea Products — by Dr. Mark Grossman Copyright Veterinary Information Network ACTIVE
INGREDIENTSPECIES/MIN. AGE
DOSAGE/ADMINISTRATION
EFFECTS COMMENTSPRODUCT(COMPANY)
Updated 5.2.14
Activyl TickPLUS
(Merck)
Activyl for Cats(Merck)
Indoxacarb and
Permethrin
Indoxacarb
Dogs 8 weeks Monthly Spot-On
Monthly Spot-On
Dogs 7 weeksCats 8 weeks
Advantage(Bayer)
ImidaclopridMonthly Spot-On; can be used weekly
Paralysis & death of fleas Rapid action; shampoo wash-off*
Advantage Multi
(Bayer)
ImidaclopridMoxidectin
Dogs 7 weeksMonthly Spot-On
Kill fleas within 12 hours, prevents heartworms,intestinal worms. Kills ear mites, kills scabies, mites, may kill Demodex
FDA Rx drug; heartworms, intestinal worms,ear mites, scabicidal, may have Demodexefficacy, imidacloprid shampoo wash-off*The cat version has less moxidectin, and is registered for cat parasites
Capstar(Novartis) Nitenpyram
Dogs 4 weeks >2 lbs
Cats 4 weeks >2 lbs
One Tablet daily or as needed
Rapid flea kill FDA OTC Drug, rapid onset, quick kill, no residual
Certifect(Merial)
AmitrazFipronil
Methoprene
Dogs 8 weeks >5 lbs Monthly
Spot-On
Fipronil overstimulates the flea's nervous system causing flea death; kills ticks; scabicidal, flea ovicide (Methoprene)
Not approved for Demodex, no pemphigus reaction reported; Amitraz potentiates tick kill of Fipronil. Begins killing ticks in 6 hours, kills 100% of ticks within 18 hours
Cheristin Spinetoram
Very rapid onset. Begins killing fleas in 30 minutes. May see hair loss as in other topicals, will leave a small greasy spot. Occasionally see inactivity, inappetence and vomiting.
Some flea strains relative resistance!, shampoo resistant
Fipronil overstimulates the flea's nervous system causing flea death, kills ticksMonthly
Spot-On Cats 8 weeksFipronilEasySpot
(Novartis)
Frontline Plus
(Merial)Fipronil
s-MethopreneDogs 8 weeksCats 8 weeks Monthly
Spot-On
Fipronil overstimulates the flea's nervous system causing flea death; kills and repels ticks
Continued on the other side*Note that all of the topical flea products are subject to wash-off when anti-seborrheic shampoo are used. ! relative resistance is controversial
Some flea strains relative resistance!, shampoo resistant
Cats 9 weeks
Comfortis(Elanco)
MOA
Group 4 Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists / antagonists
Imidacloprid: Group 4 Nicotinicacetylcholine receptor agonists /antagonists; Moxidectin Group 6Chloride channel activators
Group 5 Nicotinic acetylcholinereceptor agonists (spinosyns)
Amitraz - Group 19 Octopaminergicagonists. Fipronil - Group 2 GABA-gated chloride channelantagonists; S-methoprene:Juvenile hormone analogue (IGR)
Group 4 Nicotinic acetylcholinereceptor agonists / antagonists
Group 2 GABA-gated chloridechannel antagonists
Fipronil - Group 2 GABA-gatedchloride channel antagonists;S-methoprene: Juvenile hormone analogue (IGR)
Monthly Spot-On
Works by activation of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, but at a different site than nicotine or neonicotinoid.
SpinosadDogs 14 weeks
> 3.3 lbs Cats 14 wks
> 2 lbs
Monthly Chewable
Tablet
Excitation of nervous systemParalysis and death of fleas
FDA Rx drug, rapid onset, quick kill; vomiting, epilepsy caution
Indoxacarb causes tremors, cessation of feeding and death in a few hours. Permethrin kills fleas, kills and repels ticks, repels mosquitoes.
Indoxacarb has wide margin of safety. Fairly large oil spot. So far variable results. Note: Indoxacarb is not an op or carbamate.
Cats 8 weeks
Cats 8 weeks
Indoxacarb is an oxadiazine insecticide that acts on sodium channels in the nervous system of insects.
Indoxacarb causes tremors, cessation of feeding and death in a few hours. Indoxacarb has wide margin of safety. Fairly
large oil spot. So far variable results. Note: Indoxacarb is not an op or carbamate.
Indoxacarb is an oxadiazine insecticide that acts on sodium channels in the nervous system of insects.
EFFECTS MOACOMMENTS ACTIVEINGREDIENT
SPECIES/MIN. AGE
DOSAGE/ADMINISTRATION
Revolution(Zoetis)
Monthly Spot-On
K9 Advantix(Bayer)
Imidacloprid Permethrin
Dogs 7 weeks Paralysis and death of fleas; kills and repels ticks; repels mosquitoes
Caution with cat indirect exposure; imidacloprid shampoo wash-off*
Parastar(Novartis) Fipronil Dogs 8 weeks Monthly
Spot-On
Fipronil overstimulates the flea's nervous system causing flea death; kills ticks
Some flea strains relative resistance!; shampoo resistant
ParastarPlus
(Novartis)
FipronilCyphenothrin(pyrethroid)
Dogs 12 weeks
Monthly Spot-On
Kills ticks, fleas, and chewing lice. Cyphenothrin is known to be a quick knock-down pyrethroid
Seems to work better than other topicals for ticks; waterproof. Applicator has to be cut at tip to open. Some vets feel that there has been some flea resistance to Fipronil these past few years
Program / Sentinel
(Novartis)
Dogs 4 weeksCats 4 weeks
Oral Monthly;Cat injectableevery 6 months
Insect Development Inhibitor FDA drug (Sentinel - prescription; Program - OTC); oral forms must be given with food
Selamectin Dogs 8 weeksCats 8 weeks
Monthly Spot-On
Kills fleas; prevents feeding, rapid cessation of egg production; also prevents heartworm infestations, treats ear mites, scabies (and other sarcoptiform mites), Dermacentor ticks and roundworms and hookworms in cats
FDA Rx drug; Slow to maximum kill for adult fleas, but cessation of feeding and egg production is rapid
Scalibor Flea and Tick
Collar(Merck)
Deltamethrin4%
(synthetic pyrethroid)
Dogs 12 weeksCollar
Knockdown effect, dehydration and deathExtremely lipophilic; easily penetrates the cuticles of insects and acarines. Water resistant, long lasting - up to 6 months. Caution on debilitated, pregnant, nursing or aged animals.
Trifexis(Elanco)
SpinosadMilbemycin
oxime
Dogs 7 weeks,>5 lbs Oral
monthly
Spinosad - excitation of nervous systemParalysis and death of fleas FDA Rx drug; not approved for cats
Vectra 3D(Ceva)
Dinotefuran Permethrin
PyriproxifenDogs 7 weeks Monthly
Spot-On
Dinotefuran - kills fleas. Permethrin - kills fleas, repels and kills ticks, repels and kills mosquitoes. Pyriproxifen - insect growth inhibitor
Very rapid onset of action; cool applicator; large vol. (up to 8 ml in giant breed dogs); not tested against resistant flea strains; Dinotefuran shampoo resistant*
Seresto collar
(Bayer)
Flumethrin and
imidaclopridDogs 7 weeks Cats 10 weeks
8 Month Collar
Vectra for Cats and Kittens (Ceva)
Dinotefuran Pyriproxifen Cats 8
weeks;Monthly Spot-On
Dinotefuran - kills fleasPyriproxifen - insect growth inhibitor
Very rapid onset of action; cool applicator; 0.8 ml for cats < 9 lbs; 1.2 ml for cats 9+ lbs; not tested against resistant flea strains; Dinotefuran shampoo resistant*
Continued on the other side
PRODUCT(COMPANY)
NexGard AfoxolanerA member of the isoxazoline family. Inhibits insect and acarine ligand-gated chloride channels. Particularly those gated by GABA.Results in uncontrolled activity of the CNS.
Monthly Chewable Chunk
Kills existing fleas on dogs within 24 hours after applying the collar. According to the insert, re-infesting fleas are killed within 2 hours with protection against further flea infestation lasting eight (8) months. Ticks already on the dog prior to treatment may not be killed immediately. The prevention of infestations with new ticks starts within 48 hours after application of the collar. Re-infesting ticks are repelled and/or killed as quickly as 6 hours.
Cheaper alternative than many topicals. Variable results. OTC collar. For full 8 month duration bathing no more than once per month is recommended. For dogs that swim more once a month or more, the duration is reduced to 5 months. For cats who are bathed more than once per month, the same holds true.
Dogs 8 weeks >4 lbs
Lufenuron
!
!
!
Imidacloprid: Group 4 Nicotinicacetylcholine receptor agonists /antagonists; Permethrin Group 3Sodium channel modulator
Group 2 GABA-gated chloridechannel antagonists
Fipronil - Group 2 GABA-gatedchloride channel antagonists;s-methoprene: juvenile hormone analogue (IGR)
Group 15 Inhibitors of chitinbiosynthesis
Group 22 Voltage-dependentsodium channel blockers
Metaflumizone: Group 22 Voltagedependent sodium channel blockers; Amitraz: Group 19 Octopaminergic agonists
Flumethrin effects voltage gated sodium channels in neural tissue causing them to remain open for longer than physiologically normal. Imidacloprid acts as an agonist on the postsynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors of motor neurones in insects causing an over-stimulation of the nervous system ultimately killing the insect.
Dinotefuran: Group 4 Nicotinicacetylcholine receptor agonists /antagonists similar to imidacloprid; Pyriproxifen: Juvenile hormoneanalogue (IGR)
Only tested against American dog tick but suspect it kills others. Very palatable chunk. Biggest side effect is vomiting (4%). The safe use of afoxolaner in breeding, pregnant or lactating dogs has not been evaluated. Use with caution in dogs with a history of seizures.
Demonstrated 100% effectiveness against adult fleas 24 hours post-infestation for 35 days. And >93% 12 hours post-infestation. Two studies showed it killed fleas before they began laying eggs. Shown to be >97% effective against American Dog tick 48 hours post infestation for 30 days.
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