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© 2010-2011 Equinix, Inc. | www.equinix.com
1
EQUINIX WHITEPAPER
By the Equinix Innovations Team
OPTIMIZING INTERNET APPLICATION PERFORMANCE
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction
Speed
Availability&Consistency
PlatformEquinixSM
HowDoWeTestApplicationPerformance?
Results
RoundTripTime,Traceroutes,Availability,andPredictability
Takeaways
pages
2
3
3
4-5
6
7
7-8
9
© 2010-2011 Equinix, Inc. | www.equinix.com
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EQUINIX WHITEPAPER
Performanceisn’tjustaboutthespeedofasite;availabilityandconsistencyarealsoimportant.Beingabletodeliverconsistent,reliableserviceisfundamentaltocustomerconversionandretention.FromfrustratedconsumerstryingtobuygiftsforChristmastomultinationalcompaniesattemptingtodocomputationalmodeling,alltypesofcustomersbecomefrustratedwhenwebsitesorcloudservicesaren’tfastorpagesfailtoload.Beingabletoprovideyourcustomersaconsistentexperience,orinthecaseoftheenterprise,toactuallyguaranteethatperformanceandconsistencywithaServiceLevelAgreement(SLA),translatestoincreasedrevenuebyimprovingtheenduserexperienceandreducingresistancefromcorporatebuyers.
Inthispaper,wedescribehowleveragingEquinixasthefoundationforyourservicescanreducelatencyby15%globally,reducedowntimebyupto80%,andincreasepredictability,allwithouthavingtoinvestthetimeorincurtheexpensetochangeorredesignyourapplicationarchitecture.
Intoday’sdigitaleconomy,performancecanbeastrategicdifferentiatorforyourcompany.Whetheryou’reabankhandlingmillionsofclientsonline,aretailerdependentonyourwebsitetodrivesales,oracloudcomputingcompanypoweringenterprises,performance-relatedenduserexperienceisoneofthekeycriteriaonwhichyourcompanywillbejudged.Therearenumerousexamplesofhowperformancecanimpactrevenue:
By the Equinix Innovations Team
OPTIMIZING INTERNET APPLICATION PERFORMANCE
■■ Amazon—“Every100msdelaycosts1%ofsales”1—for2009thattranslatesinto$245million
■■ Mozillashaved2.2secondsofloadtimeoffitslandingpagesandincreaseddownloadconversionsby15.4%,translatingintoanadditional60milliondownloadseachyear2
■■ Microsoftfoundthatanincreaseof500msofdelaysonitspageloadsresultedinlosing1.2%inrevenueperuser3
■■ WhenShopzillareduceditspageloadtimeby5seconds,itsawanincreaseof25%inpageviewsanda7-12%increaseinrevenue4
■■ 10mslatencycouldresultin10%lessrevenueforU.S.brokerages5
1. http://sites.google.com/site/glinden/Home/StanfordDataMining.2006-11-28.ppt2. http://blog.mozilla.com/metrics/category/website-optimization/3. http://en.oreilly.com/velocity2009/public/schedule/detail/85234. http://assets.en.oreilly.com/1/event/29/Shopzilla%27s%20Site%20Redo%20-%20
You%20Get%20What%20You%20Measure%20Presentation.ppt5. http://www.tabbgroup.com/PublicationDetail.aspx?PublicationID=346
© 2010-2011 Equinix, Inc. | www.equinix.com
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EQUINIX WHITEPAPER
OPTIMIZING INTERNET APPLICATION PERFORMANCE
SPEEDThespeedofyoursiteisjudgedonresponsivenesstoactionsonthepage(scriptrequests,imagerenders,etc.)andonhowquicklyuserscantransitionfrompagetopage(loadinganewpage).Theelementsofspeedcanbefurtherbrokendown:thenetworklatencyandbandwidthbetweenyourendusersandyoursite,theperformanceofyourserverinfrastructureinrespondingtoarequest,andhowquicklytheuser’sbrowsercanrenderyoursitebasedonhowthewebpageiscoded.Whilethereisatremendousbodyofknowledgeonhowtoincreasebandwidth,optimizeserversandcodewebpages,networklatencyisgenerallyconsideredimmutable.Butnewstudiesshowthatifyoureducelatency,itwillhaveatremendouseffectonpageloadtimes,evenmoresothanbandwidth,withevery20msofreducednetworklatencyresultingina7-15%decreaseinpageloadtimes.6
AVAILABILITY & CONSISTENCYAvailabilityofawebsiteisn’tsolelydependentonhowwellyouoperateyourinfrastructure;itisalsoaffectedbytheperformanceofyourinternetserviceprovider(ISP)andotherserviceproviders.Disputesbetweencarriershavesometimesresultedinafragmentedinternet,withsomeendusersunabletoaccesscontentwhileothersareunaffected.7Likewise,achievingconsistentsiteperformanceisbasedonanamalgamationofinternalfactors(e.g.,propercapacityplanning,loadmanagement)andexternalfactors(e.g.,internetperformance,localtraffic).Again,whiletheprinciplesofoptimizingtheinternalfactorsarewellunderstood,howtooptimizetheexternalfactorshasseemedtobeasecretheldbyonlythelargestcontentproviderssuchasGoogleorAmazon.Inthiswhitepaperwedescribehowtheselargecontentcompaniesincreasetheircontroloverexternalforces,andhowyourcompanycanreproducethiseasilyandcosteffectively.
BENEFIT OF ADDING AN EXTRA MBPS
BENEFIT OF REDUCING RTT
PAGE LOAD TIME AS RTT DECREASES
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Per
cent
Imp
rove
men
t
Bandwidth (Mbps)2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
20%
18%
16%
14%
12%
10%
8%
6%
Per
cent
red
ucti
on
in P
LT
RTT (ms)22
020
018
016
014
012
010
0 80 60 40 20 0
4,000
3,500
3,000
2,500
2,000
1,500
1,000
500
Pag
e Lo
ad T
ime
(ms)
RTT (ms)22
024
020
018
016
014
012
010
0 80 60 40 20 0
Conventionaladviceonreducinglatencyrecommendsusingathird-partyprovidersuchasaContent-DeliveryNetwork(CDN)todistributecontentandleveragingtheirinfrastructuretogetgeographicallyclosertotheenduser.WhileaCDNcanhelpacceleratestaticcontentandeffectivelydistributevideo,theincreasinglydynamicnatureoftheweb(socialmedia,real-timeAPIaccess,etc.)reducesCDNeffectiveness,andinareal-timecloudapplicationmaynotbeabletohelpatall.ThisstudyshowshowitispossibletoreducenetworklatencyacrosstheinternetbyhousingapplicationinfrastructureinEquinixdatacentersandleveragingtheuniquenetworkdensitylocatedinthem.
6. http://www.belshe.com/2010/05/24/more-bandwidth-doesnt-matter-much/
7. http://www.datacenterknowledge.com/archives/2008/03/18/cogent-telia-peering-dispute-widely-felt/
© 2010-2011 Equinix, Inc. | www.equinix.com
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EQUINIX WHITEPAPER
OPTIMIZING INTERNET APPLICATION PERFORMANCE
PLATFORM EQUINIXSM
Whydomorethan3,600customers,includingthetopcarriers,CDNs,contentproviders,andcloudproviderschooseEquinixastheirdatacenterservicesprovider?Equinixprovidessomeofthemostreliable,securefacilitiesintheworld,andourlongtrackrecordofdeliveringexcellentservicehasearnedthetrustoftopcompanies’CTOsandCIOswhoknowapplicationperformanceismissioncritical.Butequallyimportant,Equinixdatacentersaresituatedincriticallocationsthroughouttheinternet,whichenablesEquinixcustomerstooptimizetheirendusers’experience.Tounderstandhow,let’squicklyreviewthestructureoftheinternet.
Tothegeneralpublic,theinternetisa“cloud”theycanplugintoanywhere,butthefundamentalstructureoftheinternetisactuallydrasticallydifferent.Theinternetisavastseriesofinterconnectednetworksthatrideonthephysicalcapacityofhundredsoftelecomproviders.Thesenetworksoverlapgeographically(somemajorcitieshavemorethan50networks),andtheyalsosharecommoncharacteristics.
First,allISPsarchitecttheirnetworkswithbackboneconnectionsengineeredashigh-speedtrunksbetweenkeynetworknodes.Sincethesebackbonesareresponsibleforcarryingmassiveamountsofdataanddistributingthemacrossthenetwork,theyarecriticaltoeachcarrier.Therefore,carriersdevotesignificantengineeringandoperationalresourcestoensurethebackbonerunsasquicklyandwithaslittlecontentionaspossible.Bycontrast,theregionalcoverageornon-backbonenetworksbuiltbythatsameISPmayhavesomedegreeofoversubscription,resultinginunpredictablebehaviorandnetworkcongestion.
Second,thephysicalcablesformingthesebackbonenetworksgenerallyconvergeoncertainlocationsduetopopulationdensityandgeographiclimitations.Inaddition,sub-seacablesthatconnecttheworld’scontinentsreachtheshoreatverydistinctlocationsbasedongeographiccharacteristics(awayfromshippinglanestopreventcablecuts,butstillnearmajorcities),resultinginplacementsimilaroridenticaltowhereISPslocatetheirbackbonenetworks.
ATLANTIC OCEAN
PACIFIC OCEAN
INDIAN OCEAN
INDIAN OCEAN
ARCTIC OCEANARCTIC OCEAN
Chukchi Sea
Beaufort Sea
Caribbean Sea
Hudson BayGulf of Alaska
Baffin Bay
Gulf of Mexico
Norwegian Sea
Greenland Sea
North Sea
MediterraneanSea
BalticSea
Black Sea
AralSea
Bering Sea
Barents Sea
ArabianSea Red Sea
CaspianSea
Bay ofBengal
Tasman Sea
Coral Sea
Arafura Sea
Sea of JapanYellow Sea
Sea of Okhostk
Euro
pe In
dia
Gat
way
AC
E
UnityUnity
MENA
EASSy
TE North
Honotua
IMEWE
IMEWEFLAG Hawk
HANTRU-1
Seahorse-1
Venezuela–CubaEurope India Gateway
Main One
Suriname –Guyana
Matrix Cable System
Optikor/Pipe Pacific Cable-2 (PPC-2)
AC
E
WA
CS
ACE
WA
CS
Argentina –Uruguay
SPIN
Gulf Bridge
Gulf Bridge
China-Taiwan
Samoa – American Samoa
Lion
Mai
n On
e
SPIN
Seahorse-1
Yellow/AC-2
Yellow/AC-2
Tata
TG
N-W
este
rn E
urop
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Tata TGN-Pacific
Tata TGN-Pacific
Tata TGN-Pacific
Tata TGN-Pacific
Tata TGN-Atlantic
Tata TGN-Atlantic
Tata TGN-Atlantic
Tata TGN-Atlantic
VMSCS
Transworld
TPC 5
TPC 5
TPC 5
TPC 5
TPC 5TPC 5
TIS
Tata TGN - Tata Indicom
TAT-14
TAT-14
TAT-14
TAT-14
Sout
hern
Cro
ss
Southern Cross
Southern Cross
Sout
hern
Cro
ss
Sout
hern
Cro
ss
Southern Cross
Southern Cross
SAC/LAN
SAC
/LAN
SAC
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SAC/
LAN
SAC/
LAN
SAC/LAN
SAm-1
SAm
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SAm
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SAm
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SAm
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SeaMeWe-4
SeaMeW
e-4
SeaMeW
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SeaMeWe-3
SeaMeW
e-3
SeaM
eWe-
3
SeaM
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3
SAS-1
SAT-
3
SAT-
3
SAFE
SAFE
SAFE
PAC
PAC
PC-1
PC-1
PC-1
PC-1
NorthStar
MAC
MAC
MedNautilus
Med Cable
Maya-1
Kuwait-Iran
KJCN
JASURAUS
Japan-U.S.
Japan-U.S.
Japan-U.S.
Japan-U.S.
Japan-U.S.
i2icn
Hibernia Atlantic
Hibernia Atlantic
Hibernia Atlantic
Hibernia Atlantic
Guam-Philippines
Glob
eNet
GlobeNet
GlobeNet
GlobeNet
Glob
eNet
Georgia-Russia
FOG
FLAG/Reach North
Asia Loop
FLAG FALCON
FLAG
Eur
ope-
Asia
FLAG Europe-Asia
FLAG Europe-Asia
FLA
G E
urop
e-A
sia
Fibralink
FA-1
FA-1
FA-1
FA-1
FARICE
EAC-
C2C
EAC
-C2C
EAC-C2C
Dumai-MelakaCable System
Columbus-III
Columbus-III
China-U.S.
China-U.S.
China-U.S.
China-U.S.
EAC-C2C
EAC-
C2C
BSFOCS
Bharat LankaCable System
BICS
Bahamas 2
Atla
ntis
-2
Atla
ntis
-2
Atla
ntis
-2
AC-1
AC-1
AC-1
AC-1
ARCOS
Apollo
ApolloApollo
Apollo
AP
CN
-2
APCN-2
APCN
APCN
Americas-II
Americas-II
ALPAL-2
Alaska United West
Alaska United East
Australia-Japan
Qatar-U.A.E.
Cayman-Jamaica
Atlas Offshore
Curaçao–Trinidad
Kodiak Kenai
WARFDhiraagu-SLT
Gemini Berm
uda
Matrix Cable System
Caucasus Cable System
CFX
-1
Gondwana-1
HSCS
KELTRA-2
MIC-1
Russia–JapanCable Network
Tels
tra
Ende
avou
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TPE
TPE Trans-Pacific Express
Tata TGN–Intra Asia
Tata
TGN–I
ntra A
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DANICE
SMPR-1
APCN
SEAK
Batam-Rengit
GO-1
Lanka Bell
SAm-1
LEV
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SHEFA-2
GWEN
FLAG FALCON
Pan A
merican
Hannibal
ACS Alaska–Oregon
Pan American
Amer
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Sam
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awai
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Asia-America Gateway
Asia-America Gateway
Asia-America Gateway
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Challenger Bermuda-1
Gre
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Greenland Connect
PIP
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Berytar
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JAKABARE
Lion
Melita 1
Globe
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SEACOM
CANTAT-3
BARSAV
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GERMANY
GREENLAND
KENYA
ETHIOPIA
ERITREA
SUDAN
EGYPT
NIGER
MAURITANIAMALI
NIGERIASOMALIA
NAMIBIA
LIBYA
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SOUTH AFRICA
TANZANIA
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UGANDA
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UNITEDKINGDOM
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AMERICANSAMOA
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FRENCH POLYNESIA
PAPUA NEW GUINEA
JAPANSOUTHKOREA
NORTHKOREA
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NEWCALEDONIA
VANUATU
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MAURITIUS
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GEORGIA
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CANADA
UNITED STATES
UKRAINE
MOLDOVA
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IRELAND
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NETH.
BELGIUM
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LEICH. AUSTRIA
CZECH REP. SLOVAKIA
POLAND
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BELARUS
ITALY
MACEDONIA
SERBIA
BOSNIA& HERZ.
NORWAY
SWEDENFINLAND
ICELAND
CYPRUS
LEBANON
ISRAEL
SYRIA
JORDAN
IRAQ
KUWAIT
TURKEY
BHUTAN
MYANMARLAOS
THAILAND
CAMBODIA
VIETNAM
TAIWAN
PHILIPPINES
MALAYSIA
MALAYSIA
BRUNEI
INDONESIAEAST TIMOR
AUSTRALIA
CHINA
MONGOLIA
MEXICO
BRAZIL
URUGUAY
ARGENTINA
CHILEPARAGUAY
BOLIVIA
PERU
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COLOMBIA
VENEZUELA
GUYANA
SURINAMEFRENCHGUIANA
THE BAHAMAS
CUBA
JAMAICA
HAITI
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GUATEMALA
EL SALVADOR
HONDURAS
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COSTA RICA
PANAMA
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PUERTORICO
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GUADELOUPE
DOMINICA
MARTINIQUE ST. LUCIA
ST. VINCENTGRENADA
TRINIDAD & TOBAGO
AZORES
RUSSIAN FEDERATION
RUSSIANFEDERATION
BANGLADESH
SRI LANKA
MALAWI
KYRGYZSTAN
PAKISTAN
INDIA
NEPAL
TAJIKISTAN
KAZAKHSTAN
MALDIVES
BERMUDA
MONT.
Johannesburg
Barcelona
Milan
Glasgow
Hamburg
Odessa
Vancouver
Toronto
Montreal
San Francisco
Silicon Valley
Los Angeles
Miami
Seattle
Denver
Portland
Detroit
Quebec
Calgary
Honolulu
Rostov
Edmonton
São Paulo
Rio de Janeiro
Anchorage
Marseille
Lyon
St. Petersburg
Mumbai
Kolkata
Taipei
Shanghai
Nanjing
Macau
Osaka
Hiroshima
Sapporo
Perth
Melbourne
Brisbane
Chennai
Auckland
Houston
Mumbai
Dallas
Kabul
Luanda
Yerevan Baku
Minsk
Belmopan
Porto Novo
La Paz
Sucre
Brasilia
Sofia
Ouagadougou
Bujumbura
Yaounde
N’Djamena
Santiago
Bogota
Moroni
San Jose
Havana
Prague
Copenhagen
Djibouti
SantoDomingo
Quito
Asmara
Addis Ababa
Helsinki
Cayenne
Libreville
Tbilisi
Gibraltar
Athens
Georgetown
Tegucigalpa
Budapest
Reykjavik
Tehran
Baghdad
Rome
AmmanDamascus
Nairobi
Kuwait City
Riga
Maseru
Tripoli
Antananarivo
Lilongwe
Bamako
Nouakchott
Mexico City
Monaco
Windhoek
Niamey
Abuja
Oslo
Muscat
Panamá
Warsaw
Doha
Bucharest
Moscow
Kigali
Riyadh
Mogadishu
Cape Town
Madrid
Paramaribo
Stockholm
Dushanbe
Dar es Salaam
Tunis
Ankara
Asgabat
Kiev
Washington DC
Montevideo
Tashkent
Caracas
Sanaa
Kinshasa
Lusaka
Harare
Algiers
Buenos Aires
Vienna
Gaborone
Ottawa
Bangui
Brazzaville
Cairo
San Salvador
Malabo
Tallin
Banjul
Berlin
Accra
Godthab
Guatemala
Conakry
Bissau
Port-au-Prince
Dublin
Abidjan
Beirut
Monrovia
Rabat
Maputo
Managua
Asunción
Lima
Lisbon
Dakar
Freetown
Bloemfontein
Khartoum
Mbabane
Lome
Kampala
Astana
Belgrade
Tirane
Sarajevo
Zagreb
Skopje
Chisinau
Bratislava
Brussels
Ljubljana
Vilnius
Kingston
Canberra
Dhaka
Suva
Jakarta
Phnom Penh
Vientiane
Kuala Lumpur
Ulaanbaatar
Rangoon
Wellington
Pyongyang
Manila
Seoul
Bangkok
Beijing
Noumea
Port MoresbyHonaira
Hanoi
Dili
Thimphu
Bandar SeriBegawan
Dodoma
New DelhiKathmandu
Islamabad
Colombo
Bishkek
Astana
AbuDhabi
Podgorica
Pretoria
Chicago
Paris
Geneva
Zurich
London
Munich
Frankfurt
Düsseldorf
Amsterdam
TOK
YO
Ninomiya
Emi
Miura
Wada
Ajigaura
Chikura
Maruyama Japan-U.S.PC-1
China-U.S.
FLAG Europe-Asia
EAC–C2C
Australia-Japan
FLAG NAL/Reach NAL
APCN-2
EAC–C2C
TPC 5
Tata TGN–Pacific
SYD
NE
Y
Southern Cross
Southern CrossBrookvale
Paddington
Sydney
Oxford Falls
Alexandria
Australia-Japan
Australia-Japan
Telstra Endeavour
Gondwana-1PIPE PPC-1
SOU
THE
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FLO
RID
A
Maya-1
SAm-1GlobeNet
MAC
Columbus-III
BICSCFX-1
Bahamas 2Vero Beach
North Miami Beach
Hollywood
Boca Raton
ARCOS
Americas-II
SIN
GA
PO
RE
APCN-2
i2icn
APCNAsia-America Gateway
EAC–C2CEAC–C2CTISMIC-1Tata TGN–Tata IndicomTata TGN–Intra Asia
Changi
Tuas
Katong
Singapore
SeaMeWe-3
SeaMeWe-4Matrix Cable System
SAN
JU
AN
GCN
SAm-1
Antillas-1
Americas-IIMiramar
Isla Verde
San Juan
ARCOSSMPR-1
NE
W J
ER
SEY
N
EW
YO
RK
Manasquan
Tuckerton
ApolloGemini-Bermuda
FA-1
Tata TGN-Atlantic
MAC
AC-1
Yellow/AC-2Apollo
TAT-14
GlobeNet
Bellport
Crab Meadow Beach
Long Beach
Wall Township
Brookhaven
Shirley
HO
NG
KO
NG
EAC–C2C
SeaMeWe-3Tata TGN-Intra Asia
APCNAPCN-2FLAG Europe-AsiaAsia-America Gateway
Lantau Island
Tseung Kwan O
Deep Water Bay
Chom Hom Kok
EAC–C2C
FLAG NAL/Reach NALTong Fuk
HA
WA
II
TPC 5American Samoa-Hawaii
Telstra EndeavourAsia-America Gateway
Southern CrossKahe Point
Makaha
Keawaula
Japan-U.S.
GU
AM
Tanguisson Point
Australia-JapanTPC 5
Guam-PhilippinesAsia-America Gateway
China-U.S.
Australia-Japan
Piti
Tumon Bay
Tata TGN-Pacific PIPE PPC-1
CO
RN
WA
LL
Goonhilly Downs
Skewjack
Bude
Whitesands Bay
Porthcurno
Apollo
TAT-14
Yellow/AC-2GLO-1
SeaMeWe-3
FA-1
AC-1
FLAG Europe-Asia
SUBMARINE CABLE MAP2010 TeleGeography
Map depicts in-service and planned international and U.S. domestic cables with a minimum capacity of 5 Gbps after full upgrades. Intra-European cables in the North and Baltic Seas are not depicted. In-service cables included have an announced Ready for Service (RFS) date by December 31, 2009. Planned systems are cables under construction or those that are scheduled to enter service by 2012. Map does not depict proposed cables that have not announced landings or configuration. Cable routes are stylized and do not reflect physical cable location.
NORTH AMERICA:Chicago DallasLos AngelesNew YorkSilicon ValleyWashington DC
EUROPE:AmsterdamDüsseldorfFrankfurtGenevaLondonMunichParisZürich
ASIA-PACIFIC:Hong KongSingaporeSydneyTokyo
FIBER-OPTIC SUBMARINE CABLE SYSTEMS
EQUINIX IBX METRO CENTERS EQUINIX EXPANSION
PENDING SUCCESSFUL ACQUISITION OF SWITCH AND DATA IN Q2 2010
In-service system Planned system
Phoenix Atlanta
Nashville
St. Louis
Indianapolis Pittsburgh
Buffalo
Cleveland
Boston
Philadelphia
Tampa
MIAMI
Map of Undersea Fiber Optic Cables. To request a printed copy, visit: http://www.equinix.com/requestmap.
© 2010-2011 Equinix, Inc. | www.equinix.com
5
EQUINIX WHITEPAPER
OPTIMIZING INTERNET APPLICATION PERFORMANCE
Third,ISPsmusthavecommercialagreementswitheachothertopasstraffic,andphysicallyconnectbackboneswitheachothertoaccomplishthis.Thelocationswherethebackbonestietogether,alsoknownaspeeringpoints,arethebridgebetweencarriers.Thus,aroutebetweentwocomputersconnectedtodifferentcarriersmightnotbetheshortestpossibleroute:datasentfromacomputerinBostontoacomputerinMainemaygothroughapeeringpointinNewYork.TheimplicationsbecomeevengreaterinAsia,whereaPCinSingaporetryingtoreachSydneymayberoutedthroughLosAngeles,transitingthePacificOceantwice.Thesetypesofroutinginefficienciescanhavedevastatingconsequencesonperformance.
Equinix’sdatacenterswerebuilttoactasthemajorpeeringpointsforISPs,andourfoundingprincipleistoserveasaneutrallocationforcarriersandtheircustomerstomeetandefficientlyexchangetraffic.Equinixistheonlyglobalproviderofcarrier-neutraldatacenterservices.Morethan600carriersconnect
witheachotherinourfacilitiesaroundtheworld,andthecarrierconnectionstoourfacilitiesaretheirbackbonelinksthatexpediteinternettraffic.
Equinixcustomerschoosetobuildtheirinfrastructureinsideourdatacenterstoensurereliabilityandsecurity,whileconnectingtothecarrierstheychooseinordertoleveragetheworld’smostreliableandefficientnetworkroutes.ThisallowsbusinessestomitigatetheunpredictabilityoftheinternetbyconnectingdirectlytotheISPstheirendusersusemostoften,whetheralargecablebroadbandproviderintheU.S.,aFrenchISP,orawirelessproviderforsmartphones.Becausethephysicalspeedlimitationscausedbygeographicaldistancescanalsobeafactor,Equinixhasbuiltdatacentersallaroundtheworld,enablingourcustomerstolocatetheirinfrastructureasclosetotheirendusersaspossible.Wecallourcombinationofreliabledatacenters,locatedaroundtheworld,whichcontaindynamicecosystemsofcustomersandnetworks“PlatformEquinix.”
CUSTOMER
6HOPS
7HOPS
6HOPS
3HOPS
4HOPS
4HOPS
CUSTOMERA
BC
TYPICAL ROUTE TO END USER
OPTIMAL ROUTE TO END USER
© 2010-2011 Equinix, Inc. | www.equinix.com
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IncollaborationwithCompuware/Gomez,EquinixcreatedadedicatedtestplatformtoquantifytheapplicationperformanceenabledbyPlatformEquinix.Bybuildinga“beaconserver”connectedtomultiplecarriers,Equinixsimulatedtheeffectsofdifferentapplicationroutingscenarios—connectedtoonlyonecarrierorconnectedtoamultitudeofcarriers—usingthesamehardware,softwareandphysicallocationtoremoveasmanyvariablesaspossible.Inaddition,torepresenttheimpactofgeographicdiversity,EquinixreplicatedthebeaconserveratsitesontheEastCoast(Ashburn,Va.)andWestCoast(SiliconValley,Calif.).ThebeaconserverwasinitiallyconfiguredtorepresentatypicalserverdeploymentwithaconnectiontoasingleISPinonelocation.Theconfigurationwasthenconnectedwithuptofivecarriersacrossmultiplesites.
Gomez,thewebperformancedivisionofCompuware,providestheindustry’sleadingsolutionfortestingtheperformance,availability,andqualityofwebandmobileapplications.TheGomezplatformintegrateswebloadtesting,webperformancemanagement,webcross-browsertesting,andwebperformancebusinessanalysis,enablingorganizationstotestfromthe“outside-in”acrossallusers,browsers,devices,geographies,anddatacenters.Gomezhascreatedauniquemonitoringsolutionthatalignswithourattemptatrepresentingrealperformanceacrosstheinternet.ItsActiveLastMilecapabilityprovideson-demandactivemonitoringfrommorethan150,000real,consumer-gradecomputersconnectedtoover2,500localISPsandwirelesscarriersinmorethan168countriesaroundtheglobe.
Gomezistheonlysolutionabletoprovideanaccurateviewintotheenduserexperiencefromanywhereontheinternet,anywhereintheworld,onanycarrier.Inaddition,theGomezplatformisextensibleandflexibleenoughforEquinixtocapturestandarddata,suchasend-to-endconnectiontimeandavailability,andalsocreatecustomtraceroutescriptstoprovidevisibilityintoactualnetworkpathstaken,byperformingscriptedroutinesusingtheirlast-milenetwork.Theresultingdatawasparsedbyremovingoutlyingdata(thebottomandtop2.5%ofresultsforalltests),sortedbyregionandstatisticallyanalyzedtocalculatevariance(whichtranslatesintopredictability).
Equinixtestedthreekeyparameters:roundtriptime,traceroute,andavailability.Roundtriptimerepresentsthetimeittakestoestablishaninitialconnectiontoaserver.Thisminimizesanydifferencesinpagerenderingtime,aswellasanypotentialconcernsaboutdatabaseorback-endaccess.Differentialsinroundtriptimescanthenbeisolatedtocorrelatewithnetworkspeed.Thetraceroutetestcountshowmanynetworkhopsexistbetweenthelast-miletestnodeandthebeaconservers.Finally,availabilitydatawascollectedfromallgloballocations,whichfactorsinthereliabilityoftheinternetasawhole.
HOW DO WE TEST APPLICATION PERFORMANCE?
Backbone Gomez Last Mile Virtual Test Bed Your Actual User
Web Performance Management and Load Testing150+ locations
Web Performance Management and Load Testing150,000+ locations
Cross-Browser Testing500+ browser/OS combo’s5,000+ supported devices
Real User MonitoringWorldwide, wherever your users are
The Gomez Network: World’s Largest and Most Comprehensive Performance Monitoring and Testing Network
Source: http://www.gomez.com/products-solutions/technology/the-gomez-network/
© 2010-2011 Equinix, Inc. | www.equinix.com
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RESULTSWhencomparedtoatypicaldeployment,roundtriptime,traceroutes,andavailabilitywereallmateriallybetterinthemulti-carrier,multi-nodesolution.Inaddition,predictabilitywasimprovedacrossallthreefactors.
ROUND TRIP TIME
Roundtriptimewasreduced17%globally,inAsia-Pacific(APAC)byastriking29%(65ms),Canadaby24%(25ms),LatinAmerica(LATAM)by14%(22ms),U.S.by11%(11ms),andEuropeMiddleEast/Africa(EMEA)by7%(9ms).Usingthemodelingdoneinotherresearch8,witha20msimprovementrepresentinga7-15%dropinpageloadtimes,wecanextrapolatethedramaticimprovementsinperformancepossible.
TRACEROUTES
Traceroutesdepicthowmanydifferentroutersapacketmusttraverseonitswaytothefinaldestination.Amoredirectroutemeansfewerpointsinthepathforcongestion,failure,orvariability.ByleveragingdirectaccesstomultiplecarriersinoneEquinixfacility,thenumberofhopstothebeaconserverisdramaticallyreduced.Globallynetworkhopsdecreasedby24%,APACdecreasedby31%,EMEAby27%,Canadaby21%,LATAMby16%,andtheU.S.by7%.Thistranslatesintomoredirectconnectivityfromyourenduserstoyourservers.
0.00
Seconds
0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25
APAC Total
Canada
EMEA Total
Latma Total
US
Grand Total
One Carrier Multicarrier
4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 18.0
APAC Total
Canada
EMEA Total
Latma Total
US
Grand Total
One Carrier Multicarrier
Network hops
8. http://www.belshe.com/2010/05/24/more-bandwidth-doesnt-matter-much/
© 2010-2011 Equinix, Inc. | www.equinix.com
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AVAILABILITY
Availabilityimprovementsachievedan81%reductionindowntimeglobally,translatingintoadropfrom11totwohoursofdowntimeinayear.Typically,availabilitymeasurementssimplyshowwhetherornotyoursiteinfrastructureisupandwhetherornotitisreachablefromasingletestnode.ByusingGomez’sActiveLastMilemonitoring,wegainvisibilityintositeavailabilityfromtheenduser’sperspective,factoringinwhateverconnectivityoravailabilityissuestheirinternetconnectionmightbeintroducing.Thisprovidesamoreholisticviewofsiteavailability.Bydeployinginouroptimizedfashion,downtimeinHongKongwentfrom50to0hours,inUAEfrom120to0hours,andintheU.S.from13to0hours.Forendusers,thisrepresentsthedifferencebetweenfailingtoaccessyourapplicationandtheassurancetheycanaccessthemreliablyeverytime.
PREDICTABILITY
Bytakingthestandarddeviationsfromallthesourcedata,wefind77%lessvariabilityinconnectiontime,28%lessvariabilityintraceroutehops,and23%lessvariabilityinavailability.Notonlyisperformanceimprovedacrosstheboard,butpredictabilityofthatperformanceisalsoincreaseddramatically.
0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 18.0
APAC Total
Canada
EMEA Total
Latma Total
US
Grand Total
One Carrier Multicarrier
Hours of downtime annually
0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0
Standard DeviationEnd to End
Standard Deviationof Traceroute
Standard Deviationof Availability
One Carrier Multicarrier
Standard deviation
WP-EN INTAPP 1F1 MB-CL 1012 © 2010-2011 Equinix, Inc. | www.equinix.com
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Howdifficultisittoimplementthearchitecturewetested?Amazinglysimple.Asthisstudyclearlydemonstrates,whereyoulocateyourinfrastructureplaysahugeroleinhowwellyoursiteorapplicationperforms.Withoutanysoftwareorserveroptimization,wewereabletoobtainsignificantimprovementsinperformancebyleveragingEquinixasaglobalinterconnectionhub.ThisrepresentsatremendousROIcomparedtoexpensivesoftwareengineeringeffortsorinfrastructureoverhauls.ByleveragingPlatformEquinix,youcanincreasetheperformanceofyoursiteby15-20%andincreaseavailabilityandpredictabilitywithouthavingtoredoanysoftwareorhardware.
Asstudieshaveshown,performanceiscriticaltotheenduserexperience.ArecentsurveybyEquationResearchshowedmanyconsumerswillabandonawebsiteorcompanyapplicationthatperformsslowly9:
■■ Nearlyone-third(32%)ofconsumerswillstartabandoningslowsitesafteroneandfiveseconds.
■■ 39%ofconsumerssayspeedismoreimportantthanfunctionalityformostwebsites,whileonlyoneinfiverankedsitefunctionalityasmoreimportant.
■■ Morethanone-third(37%)ofconsumerssaidtheywouldnotreturntoaslowsite,and27percentwouldlikelyjumptoacompetitor’ssite.
TAKEAWAYSSimplybycolocatingattherightdatacentersandbeingabletodirectlyaccessmultipleISPs’backbones,youcanachievethesignificantperformancebenefitsthatallowcompanieslikeGoogleorMicrosofttobefastforallusersindependentoftheirlocation.Theseperformanceimprovementstranslateintomeasurablebusinessbenefits:
■■ Increasedrevenueforretailers■■ Morepageviews(andadviews)forcontentcompanies■■ Moresatisfiedcustomersforanytypeofsiteorapplication
Whetheryourcustomersareregionalorglobal,Equinixhasdatacenterservicesintherightlocationstohelpyoudramaticallyimproveapplicationperformancetoendusers.
Equinix, Inc. (Nasdaq: EQIX) provides global data center services that ensure the vitality of the information-driven world. Global enterprises, content and financial companies, and more than 600 network service providers rely upon Equinix’s insight and expertise to protect and connect their most valued information assets. Equinix operates International Business Exchange™ (IBX®) and partner data centers across 35 metro areas in North America, Europe and Asia-Pacific.
PHOENIX
SEATTLE
DENVER
ST. LOUIS
NASHVILLE
ATLANTA
INDIANAPOLIS
PITTSBURGHDETROIT
TORONTOBUFFALOCLEVELAND
BOSTON
PHILADELPHIA
TAMPA
MIAMI
DUSSELDORF
MUNICH
ZURICH
GENEVA
PARIS
LONDONAMSTERDAM
HONG KONG
SHANGHAI
TOKYO
SINGAPORE
SYDNEY
FRANKFURT
SILICON VALLEY
LOS ANGELES
CHICAGO
NEW YORK
DALLAS
WASHINGTON, DC
9. http://www.gomez.com/wp-content/downloads/GomezWebSpeedSurvey.pdf
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