esa crop improvement : legumes
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Crop Improvement: LegumesICRISAT-ESA: A. Seetha. Anitha, S.M. Njoroge, C.
Ojiewo, N.V.P.R. Ganga Rao, E. Monyo, M.Siambi, and P.Okori,
ICRISAT- R.K. Varshney, H.S. Desmae, M. Babu,H.D.Upadhyaya, P. Janila, H.S. Desmae, PMGaur, V.Vadez, H.K Sudini, CV Sameer Kumar
NARS: NARO, IIAM, DARS, EIAR, ZARI, Universities, Private Seed Companies
Acknowledgments• Governments in Region
• Public research and extension
• Development Partners– BMGF, USAID, Irish Aid, IFAD,, UKAID, GTZ, IFAD
• Civil Society• Farmer organizations• International research agencies
– CGIAR– Advanced research centers
• Diverse development projects
Context of ESA Legume Science Agenda
The demand environment
1. The need to meet food and nutrition demands of a growing population
Southern Africa
East Africa
Source: UN population division, 2012.
2. Asymmetric demography: How and S&T provide solution for harnessing the SSA youth population dividend
Source: Brookings Institutions and Africa progress Panel, 2014
2030 20502010
400,000
300,000
200,000
100,000
0
Popu
latio
ns (T
hous
ands
)
1 2 30 94 5 6 87 10
10
20
30
Num
ber o
f peo
ple
(Mill
ions
)
Mean daily consumption (PPP dollars)
0
$1.25 $2.50
3. Tackle the persistent poverty and vulnerability
Seed systems are weak to moderate
75% 80% 85% 90% 95% 100% 105%
Maize
Sorghum/Millet
Sunflower
Groundnuts
Pigeon pea
Cow peas
Sesame
Beans
Sweetpotatoes Local seed
Improved
Quality declared seeds
Local and improved
< 10% of farmers, use improved seeds or quality declared seeds
Source Africa RISING: Tanzania. KK team
Medium to high food insecurity
Extreme riskHigh riskMedium riskLow riskNo data
Source: Food Security Index & Map, 2013
4. Resilience to an increasing riskEach “growing degree day” spent at a temperature above 30°C decreases yields by 1 percent under optimal (drought-free) rainfedconditions.
Southern Africa faces the risk of more severe and protracted droughts and periods of extremely low and extremely high rainfall could become more common as temperatures increase from 2-4°C
What Crops and traits shall we breed? How efficient are our R&D research to market pathways
5. Mobilize agriculture to deliver solutions for the silent hunger (nutrition deficiencies)
David Tilman et al. PNAS 2011;108:20260-20264
Projections 2005-2050Previous trajectories
Investment opportunity
Agriculture a big part of Africa’s 2020-2.6 trillion revenue growth
Africa’s economic growth creating new opportunities not covered by multinational corporations
Growth in agriculture is twice to four times as effective in reducing poverty
Rwanda UgandaEthiopiaBurkinaFaso
Mozambique Tanzania
0
6
2
4
8
10
% sh
are
of g
row
th
Agri. Sector is a significant driver of growth: What catalysts do we have?
Source: Brookings Institutions and Africa progress Panel, 2014.
We can unlock the agricultural potential: Most of ESA can generate 460-1350$/ha
Source: Fisher and Shar, 2010
US$ 201-300US$ 301-468
US$ 581-907
US 1598-1881US1881-2729
US$ 468-580
US$ 908-1128US$ 1129-1349US$ 1350-1597
Crop varieties for sustainable Intensification
Source: DCL, 2015
Legumes science agenda for ESA
New productive, resilient and nutrient dense varieties
Increased availability and access to to productivity enhancing innovations
Crop diversification for food, nutrition and income security
Product/ technology cycle management
Product life cycle management
Breeding, selection and evaluationDiscoverDiscover
y Proof of concept
Early Development
Late development
Pre-
sector
Pre-release
CG+NARS+ Seed sector
Release &
+ Seed sector
Release & developmentCG+NARS
+ Seed sector
Discontin
sector
Discontinue
CG+NARS & seed
sector
GxExM
Product Knowledge, best agronomic systems fit
Preparing for releaseRegulatory approval to release. Market positioning, Deployment plans and seed forecast production plans
Product Scale-up
Expansion into additional/extended TPE. Managing genetic & trait purity, validating yield assumptions. Monitoring performance vs old/ farmer preferred varieties
Exit Strategy
Discontinue Breeder’s seed production and introduce new varieties.
TL III Focus Geographies and Crops
Tropical legume - III:
Project Management Objectives: • Ensure implementation of TL III objectives; monitoring of
milestones, outputs and expenditures
• Ensure effective data archiving and dissemination as global public goods.
• Ensure effective communication of TL III progress, achievements and impacts.
• Efficient management and reporting.
Salient Results for 2015Implementing a multi-stakeholder project launch workshop• Better understanding of the project context and objectives
• Increased understanding of TL III’s interface with respective country legume strategies
• A sense of ownership of the TL III project by partners
• Country workplans integrating TL III Objectives
• TL III Project Monitoring, Learning and Evaluation (MLE) Plan
Implementing National Annual Planning meetings
• Meetings were successfully held for all countries to finalize country workplans for groundnut in Burkina Faso, Ghana, Mali, Nigeria, Tanzania and Uganda; Chickpea in Ethiopia and Uttar Pradesh India, Common beans in Ethiopia, Tanzania and Uganda and cowpea in Burkina Faso, Ghana, Mali and Nigeria
Salient Results cont…
Salient Results cont
Curation and dissemination of TL-III Data as global public goods
• The Integrated Breeding Platform – Breeding Management System (BMS) was decided as a tool of choice for the management of TL III data
• 3 training sessions for BMS were conducted for project implementing staff in Nairobi, Addis Ababa and Bamako btw Aug and Dec 2015
• A BMS Cloud database for TL-III established.
Salient Results cont
Communicating TL-III project progress, achievements and impact• Four volumes of the regular Quarterly Bulletin Tropical
legumes were produced highlighting specific aspects of project successes
• TL III web-page have been updated to include a TL III facebookand twitter links to communicate project information.
• A 182 page synthesis of the seven seasons of learning and engaging smallholder farmers through the tropical legumes in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia is ready for publication.
Salient Results cont
Management and reporting of TL-III Project• Launched TL III (August 17 – 22, 2015)• Worked with Country focal points and country teams to
develop Country Workplans• Worked with Objective leaders to synthesize these into Project
workplans (by objective)• Worked with ALINe Consultancy to develop Project MLE Plan• Visited project sites in all regions to monitor progress and
provide on the ground advice as needed
Salient Results cont..
Supporting breeding pipelines for groundnuts, cowpea, common bean, and chickpea in target TL-III countries• TL III supported the implementation of the BPAT to all CGIAR
Africa based programs which included Program assessments for groundnut in Mali and Malawi, chickpea in Ethiopia, cowpea in Nigeria and common beans in Uganda and Malawi.
• Key findings - ICRISAT African based breeding programs have very competent scientists but are weak in breeding cycle time, phenotyping for drought, and application of marker assisted breeding technologies.
• These critical areas have been recommended for improvement as part of TL III improvement of breeding efficiency in African CGIAR sites and the target NARS.
Challenges, Constraints & Mitigations
• It has taken long to fill the project positions – hence the project is off to a slow start (The gender scientist has not joined to-date and gender related research activities are behind schedule)
• Ongoing security and instability in parts of Mali and Nigeria
• Drought in Ethiopia (ElNino effect of 2015) .
Chickpea breeding
MABC for drought tolerance in chickpea
• 7 MABC F7 lines with up to 40g/100 seed weight and up to 41% higher yield than the std check identified
• Introgresssion crosses initiated• Reproductive stage drought tolerance under late
planting condition; avoiding ascochyta blight
• 7 MABC F7 lines with up to 40g/100 seed weight and up to 41% higher yield than the std check identified
• Introgresssion crosses initiated• Reproductive stage drought tolerance under late
planting condition; avoiding ascochyta blight
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
MAB
C 11
MAB
C 4
MAB
C 16
MAB
C 13
MAB
C 14
MAB
C 10
ICCV
-939
554
ICCV
- 495
8
MAB
C 9
MAB
C 7
MAB
C 6
MAB
C 18
MAB
C 19
MAB
C 3
MAB
C 2
MAB
C 22
DAL
OTA
Yield of MABCF7 Desi lines at Debre Zeit
Yiel
d (k
g/ha
)
41%
Drought tolerant varieties
• High yield under drought stress
• Trait-based selection + MABC
• Evaluation for yield adaptability
• Identifying new sources
Heat stress tolerance
• Low pollen viability, pollen germ. and pollen tube growth
• Causes flower abscission and pod abortion,
• Reduces pod set, pod fill and yield
Anther-pollen fertility with Alexander’s stain
ICCV 92944(Tolerant)
ICC 5912(Sensitive)
• 4 lines with yield advantage of 178%, 38%, 32% and 11% over std check under normal T oC
• 7 lines with >2 t/ha selected at T oC > 35 oC
• New tolerance sources from reference set
• Expansion of production to non-conventional areas under irrigation
• Late planting to avoid AB• Changing and variable climates
Ascochyta blight; wilt-root rot complex of CP
• AB and WRR cause upto 100% loss
• No AB resistant desi variety
• Majority of farmers produce desi
• Planting late to avoid AB and FW
• Resistance varieties for early planting
• 3 new sources of double resistance identified
• NVT for resistant desi• BC2 to improve released
varieties• Maturity before terminal
drought
Emerging issues: Early maturity
• Escape end-of-season drought and heat stresses
• short window of cropping season –double cropping
• enhance cropping resilience (intensification and diversification)
• Green pod chickpea market (challenges with human pest??)
• New sources from local and reference collections
Nodulation/fixation may be limited by:• the presence ineffective strains • low population numbers, • low infectivity or lack of effectiveness, • poor survival rate of rhizobia in the soil• competition amongst strains of rhizobia• the absence of compatible strains (strain x
variety x environment interaction)
CRP-GL: Even lines earlier reported as non-nodulating do nodulate with compatible strainsTLIII: include basic N2Africa-recommended package of inoculum and agronomic practices in field demos.
From 50 indigenous rhizobia, 15 Rhizobia isolateswith wide pH tolerance, 5 with salinity tolerance,3 with high ToC tolerance, 5 with antibioticsresistance, 15 phosphate solubilizing isolates wereidentified.
The 50 isolates were further grown on yeast extractmannitol agar and single colonies cultured for molecularcharacterization.
43 isolates are currently being sequenced at UC-Davis
Chickpea cultivars for mechanical harvesting
1. Machine harvestable • herbicide
tolerant• frost tolerant• for double
cropping2. Disease resistant3. Efficient N-fixing
4. High yielding5. Market preferred6. New sources to be identified from ref collection7. Introgression crosses
Pigeonpea breeding
Pigeonpea Breeding priorities in ESA
• High grain yield
• Phenology for agro-ecol. adaptability and SI
• Photo-thermo insensitivity
• Ratoonability with high yield
• Grain quality for dry & fresh grains
• Climate resilience with drought tolerance
• Fusarium wilt tolerance
• Pest tolerance esp. Pod borers
Workplan targets 2014-2015
1. Evaluation of 25 short, 40 medium, 40 long duration varieties
2. Maintenance of breeder seed of 10 varieties, enhancing NARS capacity and seedscaling up with stakeholders
3. Development and evaluation of 500 pigeonpea breeding lines for yield, fusarium wiltand pest tolerance
4. Evaluation of 30-50 early chickpea elite lines for yield, drought, fusarium wilt andAscochyta blight
5. Evaluation of 20 chickpea elite lines for heat tolerance and dry root rot
6. Maintenance of breeder seed of 10 released varieties including heat tolerant ICCV92944
7. Collection, characterization, conservation and distribution of chickpea and pigeonpeagermplasm
8. Evaluation of 30 chickpea genotypes for insect pest and 10 for herbicide tolerance
9. Identification of maintainers and restorers under African germplasm, use of cleistolines in breeding program
Evaluation of varieties in ESA
Country Short Medium Long
Kenya 56 75 60
Tanzania 20 42 35
Malawi 22 47 22
Mozambique - 35 60
Ethiopia 22 18 70
Zambia - 15 25
Uganda - 57 -
Mali 22 18 -
Best lines 12 19 15
• Released 5 varieties (4 in Tanzania, 1 in Zambia)• 4 in Uganda and 2 in Zambia pipeline for release
Maintenance of quality seedCrop Breeder Foundation Certified +QDS Total
Pigeonpea 18.8 82.4 86.5 478Chickpea 5.0 4.5 32.4 41.9
Total 23.8 86.9 118.9 519.9
Breeding pipelineF8 Number TotalICEAP 00040 X KAT 60/8 29
64ICEAP 00048 X ICEAP 00557 4ICEAP 00557 X ICEAP 00576-1 5ICEAP 00576-1 X ICEAP 00554 15ICEAP 00576-1 X ICEAP 00557 11
F6ACC 88 X ICEAP 00576-1 23
87ICEAP 00048 X ICEAP 00040 21MJ X ICEAP 00040 43
Early generation
F6 : Number TotalKAT 60/8 X ICEAP 00540 118
256ICEAP 00068 X ICEAP 00540 138F7 : ICP 6927 X ICEAP 00554 128
203ICP 6927 X ICEAP 00557 53ICP 6927 X ICEAP 00850 16ICEAP 00068 X ICEAP 00850 6F8 : MZ 2/9 X ICEAP 00554 39
301
MZ 2/9 X ICEAP 00557 91ICEAP 00554 X MZ 2/9 95MTHAWAJUNI X ICEAP 00554 21MTHAWAJUNI X ICEAP 00557 19ICEAP 00554 X MTHAWAJUNI 36F9 : ICEAP 00554 X ICP 7035 37 47ICEAP 00557 X ICP 7035 10
Medium duration
Observation Nurseries Number TotalMD observation 1 57
349MD observation 2 147MD observation 3 145Diversity lines 435
F1 HYBRID 26F2 progenies 16F3 progenies 27F4 progenies 80
Long duration
Pest tolerance with purple and constricted podsLine Plant no. Plant yield(g) Seed colour 100-seed
Mass (g)MZ 2/9/36/2 3 158 cream 26MZ 2/9/36/2 10 142 cream 25MZ 2/9/36/2 12 129 cream 26MZ 2/9/36/2 11 108 cream 25MZ 2/9/36/2 14 103 cream 25MZ 2/9/36/2 7 64 cream 27MZ 2/9/36/2 14 52 cream 28MZ 2/9/36/2 2 41 cream 28
ICPL 86022 Cream large seeded
Hybrid Pigeonpea• 8 CMS, 52 test crosses
• African germplasm – More restorers
• Most of the maintainers from India are brownseeded
• Use of diverse gene pools for HV over African OPV
• Hybrids are with early vigour and more branches
Hybrid Medium Duration Variety
HybridVariety
Germplasm Maintenance1. Germplasm Collection:
– 86 from 9 districts, Lindi R. (6), Ruangwa (17), Nachingwea(3), Tunduru(9), Masasi (12), Nanyumbu (3), Kilosa (14), Gairo (9) and Bagamoyo (3)
– 122 from 8 districts, Albetong(18), Otuke(18), Kitgum(9), Lira(18), Oyam(10), Kole(26), Gulu(17) and Lamwo (6)
2. Regeneration and Seed increase: – Regenerated 55 pigeonpea and 18 chickpea accessions– Seed increased 117 pigeonpea and 80 chickpea accessions
3. Distribution: 2120 pigeonpea and 87 chickpea samples
4. Evaluation and characterization: – 92 single plant progenies from Kenyan collection– 224 elite lines of MZ 2/9 accession with cream big seeds(28 g/100 seed
mass) and dark pods, high pod load, tolerance to drought and insect pests
Future direction• Genetic enhancement- diverse genepools
• Pre-breeding with trait specific donors
• More focus on MD with ratoonability
• Incorporation of Cleisto flower trait
• Hybrids: more maintainers from India
• Mapping populations for FW, Pod and seed colour, Seed size
• Easy shelling, high dhal recovery, fast cooking, aroma, high sugar content
Aflatoxin Mitigation in Zambia
Objectives
• Quantify the incidence of aflatoxin in groundnut (along the value chain), estimate population densities and characterize A. flavus in Eastern Zambia
AFB1 contamination in peanut butter
• Chipata, Katete, Petauke, and Lusaka
• 954 containers, from 25 brands tested
• A sample = 6 containers of a single brand, manufacturing date, and from the same shop
• Each container was assayed 5 times, ELISA
• Geometric means calculated (log transformed)
• 9, 12, and 8 brands were repeatedly tested within 1 year, across 2 years, and in all 3 years, respectively
• 0% of brands repeatedly tested across 3 years had AFB1
• 8% of brands tested repeatedly across 2 years had AFB1 ≤ 20 ppb
• 44% of brands tested in just one year had AFB1≤ 20 ppb
• Zambia, Zimbabwe, Malawi, South Africa
AFB1 in grain and powder
• 201 grain samples and 39 milled powder• Chipata, Katete, Petauke, Lusaka, Kitwe,
Ndola, Kabwe• 1 kg sample, analyzed 6 times
• 77% of 39 powder samples > 20 ppb AFB1
• 45% of 201 grain samples > 20 ppb AFB1
• No documented successful interventions in informal markets
Food Safety and Nutrition
Baseline Result on Infant and Young Child feeding practices (IYCF).
Indicators Value, Age in months (Malawi)
Value, Age in months
(Tanzania)Exclusively breast fed (EBF), %
(67%), <6 months
(69.1%), <6 months
Dietary diversity score, mean (SD)
2 (1.02), 6-23 months
3.23 (1.1), 6-23 months
Met minimum dietary score, %
7 %, 6-23 months
39 %, 6-23 months
Meal frequency, mean (SD)
2.0 (0.8), 6-23 months
2.31 (0.96),6-23 months
Met minimum meal frequency (MMF), %
50%, 6-23 months
43.7 %, 6-23 months
Met minimum acceptable diet, %
1.8%6-23 months
18.4 %, 6-23 months
• Pigeonpea, finger millet, groundnut and maize combinations with vegetables (to improve protein, Calcium, Zinc , Vitamin A and Iron to reduce malnutrition, improve bone growth and body function.
• Training on hygiene (to reduce diarrhoea and improve Zn absorption).
• Training on post harvest crop handling (to reduce aflatoxin exposure and improve vitamin A and Zn absorption).
Approach: Learning by doing positive deviance hearth model (CORE)
Results of 21 days positive deviance approach (PDA) - Short term study
Indicators Control group Intervention group
Mean weight at day 0 8.8 kgs±1.5 8.9 kgs±1.2Mean weight at day 7 8.7 kgs±1.2 9.1 kgs±1.3Mean weight at day 14 8.7 kgs±1.1 9.7 kgs±1.3Mean weight at day 21
Mean MUAC at day 0
8.5 kgs±1.1
14.6cm±1.1
10.1kgs±1.3
14.6cm±1.0Mean MUAC at day 7 14.2cm±1.1 14.5cm±1.0Mean MUAC at day 14Mean MUAC at day 21
14.1cm±1.114.0cm±1.0
14.6cm±1.015.0cm±1.0
Impact of PDA on underweight : DID random effect model
Dependent Variable:Weight-for-Age Z-Score
Coefficient T-statisticsp-value
DID (Day 7) 0.31 1.86 0.063DID (Day 14) 0.53 3.12 0.002
DID (Day 21) 0.73 4.34 0.000
Impact of PDA on wasting : DID random effect model
Dependent Variable:Weight-for-Height Z-Score
Coefficient T-statisticsp-value
DID (Day 7) 0.37 1.40 0.161
DID (Day 14) 0.71 2.72 0.006
DID (Day 21) 0.85 3.26 0.001
LFD- User friendly diagnostic device
Aflatoxin detection at field level is crucial to reduce the contamination in value chain.
Antibody reacts with aflatoxin antigen giving coloured reaction. This is simple to perform, cost effective (<2$), less time consuming (<5 min) and accurate
ICRISATLFD
ICRISATLFD
Results on Validation of LFD
Lateral flow immunoassay
Number and % of samples tested for AFB1 in ELISAPositive (above 20 ppb of AFB1)
Negative (below 20 ppb of AFB1)
Total
Positive (above 20 ppb of AFB1)
25 (50.00 %) 0 (0.00 %) 25 (50.00 %)
Negative (below 20 ppb of AFB1)
0 (0.00 %) 25 (50.00 %) 25 (50.00 %)
Total 25 (50.00 %) 25 (50.00 %) 50 (100.00%)
The figure in parentheses were computed based on the visual scoring of lateral flow device and quantitative data obtained for ELISA after calculation. The sensitivity of lateral flow device for AFB1 above 20 ppb in samples are 100 %; the specificity is also 100 %. The positive predictive value is 100 %. The negative predictive value is 100 %.
Table 1: sensitivity and specificity of lateral flow immunoassay compared to ELISA for detecting above 20 ppb of aflatoxin in groundnut samples
Groundnut breeding and seed systems
Groundnut breeding
1. Input traits:• Develop resilient varieties
that increase productivity above the 2 ton + barrier
1. Input traits:• Develop resilient varieties
that increase productivity above the 2 ton + barrier
2. Output traits: • Low aflatoxin contamination• Enhanced nutrition density -
Zn, Fe and oleic acid• Increased oil & confectionary
needs
2. Output traits: • Low aflatoxin contamination• Enhanced nutrition density -
Zn, Fe and oleic acid• Increased oil & confectionary
needs
3. Farming systems support• Suitability for intensification• Livestock feeds
3. Farming systems support• Suitability for intensification• Livestock feeds
Shuttle breeding, capacity building, integrated breeding, Genebank
Output 1: New varieties and linesAim: Generate breeding populations improved tolerance to endemic stresses
ICGV-SM 08501
Five new varieties for Zambia2 Medium duration Virginia types • ICGV-SM 06729 • ICGV-SM 08503
2 Short duration Spanish types• ICGV-SM 08513 • ICGV-SM 03517
1 Valencia type• ICGV0SM 05534
Breeding lines and populations• 39 families of deriving from released
popular varieties with enhanced Fe, Zn and Oleic acid generated
• 70 families with a drought tolerance background have been generated
• 20 regional trial sets used by ZARI, NARO, ARI-Naliendele, IIAM, ICRISAT-Bamako and Kano.
• 600 lines distributed to partners
Target population environments: Performance under farmer management (GxExM)
Genotype Sensitivity SE. Mean SE
Land race 0.1359 0.3265 238.5 83.63ICGV-SM
03519 0.4537 0.3265 724.8 83.63
ICGV-SM 99568 0.9856 0.3265 445.7 83.63
ICGV-SM 05650 1.1196 0.3265 549 83.63
ICGV-SM 01513 1.1639 0.3265 434.1 83.63
ICGV-SM 02724 2.0546 0.3265 937.6 83.63
Sensitivity tests: Finlay and Wilkinson modified joint regression analysis shows ICGV-SM02724 highly sensitive and best grown in high potential areas. Land race is widely adapted i.e. least sensitive.
Output 1 highlights: Targeting & adoptionAim: Conduct farmer participatory variety selection (FPVS) and
demonstrations to underpin R4D relevance, adoption and promotions
ICGV-SM 08501
• >1000 demonstrations in ESA (new varieties + ICM)
• 16,523 farmers trained• >3000 farmers conduct
FPVS (ESA)• 60 FRNs (Tanzania and
Malawi) engaged for on-farm trials.
• >100 para seed inspectors trained
Fine-tuning technology for intensification: Cropping systems farmers use in KK
2320
10 10
2
Sorghum,Pigeonpeaand Maize
Maize,Sunflowerand Pearl
millet
Groundnutand
pigeonpea
Groundnutand maize
Others
Coverage %Coverage %
Source: FRN involving 60 farmers engaged in 2015
Implications for research• Differentiated genotypes
• Materials that can handle shading
• Agronomy• Plant population
management • Optimizing field architecture
Output 2: Strengthening seed supply• 460 tons of foundation seeds
(groundnut, pigeonpea).
• 1,500 tons of groundnut certified seed.
• 280 tons of pigeonpea certified seed
Malawi:• 13 new community seed banks
identified for possible linkages to markets.
Tanzania• 6 new community seed banks
Uganda• 4 new communities engaged in seed
production
David managing a field day in Uganda
Currently access to seed is less than 40% in most ESA countries
Full
Time
Poor
Groundnut&PigeonpeaSoilandwaterandLivestockfornutrientrecycling+drudgeryreduction
IntensifiedCereal,Pigeonpea+Soilandwaterorrotationsystems
Rehabilitatesoils:DoubledUpLegumes,Pigeonpea+erosionmanagement
AdoptionIntensified+cereallegumesystems(smallunitswithlimitedrotations)+S.Fertwater+livestock
Education:Agronomy-SoilFert+water,weeds,multiplecropping+Processing,Nutrition+smalllivestock
Sust
ain
able
Inte
nsifi
cati
on
New varieties
Strategy for scaling up and out
Summary of 2014-2015Variety development 1. Advancement & evaluation of populations
2. New crosses made especially for output traits
3. Release in new countries: Zambia and Zimbabwe
4. Fundamental work: Resistance & genetic studies + integrated breeding
Technology promotion/ deployment 5. Scaling up and out- (Malawi, Mozambique, Uganda, Tanzania & Zambia)
6. Leverage intensification actions-Tanzania +Malawi+ Mozambique
Aflatoxins, nutrition and post harvest management
7. Aflatoxin & nutrition studies- Tanzania & Malawi + Zambia
8. Strengthen and deploy diagnostic tools and management options
9. Awareness (all CRP targets and leverage PACA efforts inSADC)
Complementary/leverage areas 10 New investments (leverage and engagement (HOPE, Harvest Plus)- Uganda, SMEAR-
Mozambique)
Thank you!
ICRISAT is a member of the CGIAR Consortium
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