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Gaia Gaia HypothesisHypothesis

BiomesBiomes

Planet EarthPlanet Earth

Earth’s TiltEarth’s Tilt

Climate ZonesClimate Zones

Earth’s Earth’s atmosphereatmosphere

Atmospheric Atmospheric DensityDensity

Air Air density density

drops with drops with altitudealtitude

TemperatureTemperature

TemperatureTemperature

Temperature Temperature drops with drops with

altitudealtitude

BiomesBiomesTemperature Temperature

RainfallRainfall

TundraTundraFrozen SubsoilFrozen Subsoil

Few TreesFew Trees

Migratory Migratory birdsbirds

Reindeer, Reindeer, moosemoose

TaigaTaigaBoreal forestBoreal forest

Coniferous Coniferous TreesTrees

More Varied More Varied faunafauna

Deciduous ForestDeciduous ForestTemperateTemperate

SeasonalSeasonalLeaf dropLeaf drop

Varied wildlifeVaried wildlife

Tropical Tropical RainforestRainforest

Daily rainfallDaily rainfall

Little Little temperature temperature

variationvariation

BiodiverseBiodiverse

GrasslandsGrasslandsSeasonal Seasonal

temperature temperature variationvariation

Low rainfallLow rainfall

HerbivoresHerbivores

DesertDesertVery aridVery arid

Day/Night Day/Night temperature temperature

variationvariation

Small animalsSmall animalsreptilesreptiles

ChaparralChaparralMediterraneanMediterranean

CaliforniaCalifornia

Seasonal rainSeasonal rain

Fire danger in Fire danger in off seasonoff season

CoastalCoastal

Salt WaterSalt Water

Euphotic Euphotic Zone:Zone:

Most of Most of PhotosynthesiPhotosynthesi

ss

PelagicPelagic

Open OceanOpen Ocean

Phytoplankton Phytoplankton for for

PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis

Limited Limited NutrientsNutrients

Coral ReefCoral Reef

Warm clear Warm clear waterwater

Very Very BiodiverseBiodiverse

EstuaryEstuarySalt/Fresh Salt/Fresh

water Boundarywater Boundary

Nutrients & Nutrients & SedimentSediment

Tidal Tidal DependanceDependance

Lakes & PondsLakes & Ponds

Fresh WaterFresh Water

TurnoverTurnover

Lots of Lots of NutrientsNutrients

Streams & RiversStreams & Rivers

Oxygen Oxygen depleteddepleted

Seasonal Seasonal turnoverturnover

Hydrothermal Hydrothermal VentsVents

Located at Located at plate plate

boundaries boundaries and hot spotsand hot spots

chemosynthetchemosyntheticic

Terrestrial SuccessionTerrestrial Succession

Depends on Climate and SoilDepends on Climate and Soil

Terrestrial SuccessionTerrestrial SuccessionClimax community

Aquatic Aquatic SuccessionSuccession

EutrophicationEutrophication

Accelerated Accelerated by addition of by addition of

fertilizersfertilizers

Biome inhabitantsBiome inhabitants

Interspecific Interspecific InteractionsInteractions

Predator - preyPredator - prey

PredatorPredator PreyPrey

LargerLarger smallersmaller

Less AbundantLess Abundant More abundantMore abundant

AdaptationsAdaptations

CamouflageCamouflage

AdaptationsAdaptations

MimicryMimicry

MonarchMonarch viceroyviceroy

AdaptationsAdaptations

Startle ColorationStartle Coloration

SwallowtailSwallowtail peacock mothpeacock moth

AdaptationsAdaptations

Chemical warfareChemical warfare

Interspecific Interspecific InteractionsInteractions

HostHost ParasiteParasite

Bigger Bigger smaller smaller

Provides home Provides home SpecializedSpecialized

Reproduce Reproduce faster faster

ParasitismParasitism

Brood ParasitismBrood Parasitism

ParasitismParasitism

Social ParasitismSocial Parasitism

ParasitismParasitism

ParasitoidsParasitoids

ParasitismParasitismPlant ParasitesPlant Parasites

RafflesiaRafflesia

MutualismMutualismMutually beneficial symbiosisMutually beneficial symbiosis

cooperationcooperation

Oxpecker and impalaAnts and acacia

MutualismMutualismCoevolution of speciesCoevolution of species

Greater Honeyguide

ExtinctionExtinctionAlready GoneAlready Gone

Greater Honeyguide

ExtinctionExtinctionFactors: Low Population DensityFactors: Low Population Density

Amur Leopard

South China Tiger

ExtinctionExtinctionFactors: Loss of HabitatFactors: Loss of Habitat

Silky Sifafka

ExtinctionExtinctionFactors: SpecializationFactors: Specialization

Giant Panda

ExtinctionExtinctionFactors: Human ActivityFactors: Human Activity

Saiga Antelope

16501650Factors: DeforestationFactors: Deforestation

18501850Factors: DeforestationFactors: Deforestation

19261926Factors: DeforestationFactors: Deforestation

Biodiversity Biodiversity SuccessesSuccesses

DNA Showed Malayan tiger to be a DNA Showed Malayan tiger to be a New subspeciesNew subspecies

Biodiversity Biodiversity SuccessesSuccesses

Recovery of previously endangered speciesRecovery of previously endangered speciesNow delistedNow delisted

Biodiversity Biodiversity SuccessesSuccesses

Discovery of new foods and drugsDiscovery of new foods and drugs

Madagascar periwinkle

mangosteens

Biodiversity Biodiversity SuccessesSuccesses

Sustainable harvestingSustainable harvesting

Invasive SpeciesInvasive Specieskudzukudzu

Introduced in 1876 as a forage and ornamental plant

Invasive SpeciesInvasive SpeciesZebra musselsZebra mussels

Accidentally imported

Invasive SpeciesInvasive SpeciesGypsy MothGypsy Moth

SnailsSnailsDeliberately imported

Invasive SpeciesInvasive SpeciesScotch BroomScotch Broom