essentials of cultural competence in pharmacy practice: chapter 3 notes chapter author: dr. duane a....
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Essentials of Cultural Competence in Pharmacy Practice: Chapter 3 Notes
Chapter Author: Dr. Duane A. Halbur
Cultural Guidelines
Learning Objectives1. Understand various definitions of culture
related to health care.2. Define stereotyping as unique from
making generalizations.3. Articulate how within-group differences
impact the work of a pharmacist.
Group DifferencesAmple research indicates that within-group
differences are more significant than between-group differences.
Thus, the information contained in upcoming chapters should be viewed as generalizations while keeping the individual patient at the forefront.
Within-Group DifferencesIt is important to look at how individuals
differ within a cultural group even though they may share some common traditions and characteristics.
This is especially true when providing pharmaceutical care where meeting the needs of individual patients is a major goal.
Cultural CompetenceOne component of cultural competence is
being “able to recognize differences, identify similar patterns of responses, avoid stereotyping by acknowledging variations, and balance his or her own caring actions by recognizing differences and avoiding stereotyping.”
StereotypesUnfortunately, it is easy to stereotype
people on the basis of their race, ethnicity, or culture.
Many stereotypes are prejudices. Stereotyping ultimately involves
understanding or defining a group of people in such a way that the observer does not go beyond a narrow description that has been indiscriminately applied to all people in a given group.
GeneralizationsGeneralizations can help one to understand a
cultural group. They are a way to temporarily categorize information for pragmatic purposes.
Generalizations are useful starting points for data gathering and assessment.
To stereotype is to place all people who have certain characteristics in a category without further consideration.
Generalization, on the other hand, is a necessary starting point for classifying information about people.
Key Domains of CultureCulture, as defined by Purnell & Paulanka,
is “…the totality of socially transmitted behavioral patterns, arts, beliefs, values, customs, life-ways, and all other products of human work and thought characteristics of a population of people that guide their worldview and decision making.”
Components of Cultural PrimersEach of the cultural primer chapters
contain 8 areas:OverviewCommunication stylesFamily rolesWorkforce issuesBiocultural ecology and relevant diseasesHigh-risk behaviorsNutrition Child-rearing practices
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