ethical hacking redefined
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Presented By:
Pawan Patil
BCA Sem V
Roll No :24
COMPUTER SECURITY AND ETHICAL HACKING
CONTENTS
• Overview of Hacking
• History
• Types of hacking
• Hacker
• Types of Hacker
• Why do hackers hack?
• How can kid hack?
• What does a script kid know?
• Hackers language
CONTENT CONTINUED…
• How to translate the hackers’ language
• Ethical Hacking
• Ethical Hacking – Process
• What hackers do after hacking?
• Why can’t we defend against hackers?
• How can we protect the system?
• What we should do after hacked?
• Final words
OVERVIEW OF HACKING• Hack
• Examine something very minutely
• the rapid crafting of a new program or the making of changes to existing, usually complicated software
• Hacker
• The person who hacks
• Cracker
• System intruder/destroyer
HISTORY OF HACKING• 1903 - Magician and inventor Nevil Maskelyne disrupts John Ambrose Fleming's public
demonstration on secure wireless telegraphy technology, sending insulting code messages through the auditorium's projector.
• 1943 - French computer expert René Carmille, hacked the punched card used by the Nazis to locate Jews.
• 1982 - The 414s break into 60 computer systems at institutions ranging from the Los Alamos Laboratories to Manhattan's Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Centre. The incident appeared as the cover story of Newsweek with the title Beware: Hackers at play,
possibly the first mass-media use of the term hacker in the context of computer security. As a result, the U.S. House of Representatives held hearings on computer security and passed several laws.
TYPES OF HACKINGNormal
data transfer
Interruption Interception
Modification Fabrication
HACKER :
• Someone who bypasses the system’s access controls by taking advantage of security weaknesses left in the system by developers
• Person who is totally immersed in computer technology and programming, and who likes to examine the code of programs to see how they work … then uses his or her computer expertise for illicit purposes such as gaining access to computer systems without permission and tampering with programs and data. At that point, this individual would steal information and install backdoors, virus and Trojans
• Hacker means cracker nowadays.
WHAT IS HACKING
TYPES OF HACKER
• White Hat Hackers:
• who specializes in penetration testing and in other testing methodologies to ensure the security of an organization's information systems.
• Black Hat Hackers:
• A black hat is the villain or bad guy, especially in a western movie in which such a character would stereotypically wear a black hat in contrast to the hero's white hat.
• Gray Hat Hackers:
• A grey hat, in the hacking community, refers to a skilled hacker whose activities fall somewhere between white and black hat hackers on a variety of spectra
TYPES OF HACKER CONTINUED…• Script Kiddies:
• who use scripts or programs developed by others to attack computer systems and networks and deface websites.[
• Phreak
• Person who breaks into telecommunications systems to [commit] theft
• Cyber Punk
• Recent mutation of … the hacker, cracker, and phreak
WHY DO PEOPLE HACK??
• To make security stronger ( Ethical Hacking )
• Just for fun
• Show off
• Hack other systems secretly
• Notify many people their thought
• Steal important information
• Destroy enemy’s computer network during the war
HACKERS LANGUAGE :1 -> i or l
3 -> e
4 -> a
7 -> t
9 -> g
0 -> o
$ -> s
| -> i or l
|\| -> n
|\/| -> m
s -> z
z -> s
f -> ph
ph -> f
x -> ck
ck -> x
HACKERS LANGUAGE TRANSLATION
• Ex)
• 1 d1d n0t h4ck th1s p4g3, 1t w4s l1k3 th1s wh3n 1 h4ck3d 1n
• I did not hack this page, it was like this when I hacked in
GOAL
HACKING - PROCESS
1. Preparation
2. Foot printing
3. Enumeration & Fingerprinting
4. Identification of Vulnerabilities
5. Attack – Exploit the Vulnerabilities
6. Gaining Access
7. Escalating privilege
8. Covering tracks
9. Creating back doors
1. PREPARATION
• Identification of Targets – company websites, mail servers, extranets, etc.
• Signing of Contract• Agreement on protection against any legal issues
• Contracts to clearly specifies the limits and dangers of the test
• Specifics on Denial of Service Tests, Social Engineering, etc.
• Time window for Attacks
• Total time for the testing
• Prior Knowledge of the systems
• Key people who are made aware of the testing
2. FOOT PRINTINGCollecting as much information about the target
DNS Servers
IP Ranges
Administrative Contacts
Problems revealed by administrators
Information Sources
• Search engines
• Forums
• Databases – whois,
• Tools – PING, whois, Traceroute, nslookup
3. ENUMERATION & FINGERPRINTING• Specific targets determined
• Identification of Services / open ports
• Operating System Enumeration
Methods Banner grabbing Responses to various protocol (ICMP &TCP) commands Port / Service Scans – TCP Connect, TCP SYN, TCP FIN, etc.
Tools
• Nmap, FScan, Hping, Firewalk, netcat, tcpdump, ssh, telnet, SNMP Scanner
4. IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABILITIES
Vulnerabilities:
It is a weakness which allows an attacker to reduce a system's information assurance.
• Insecure Configuration
• Weak passwords
• Unpatched vulnerabilities in services, Operating systems, applications
• Possible Vulnerabilities in Services, Operating Systems
• Insecure programming
• Weak Access Control
IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABILITIES CONT..Tools
Vulnerability Scanners - Nessus, ISS, SARA, SAINT
Listening to Traffic – Ethercap, tcpdump
Password Crackers – John the ripper, LC4, Pwdump
Intercepting Web Traffic – Achilles, Whisker, Legion
5. ATTACK – EXPLOIT THE VULNERABILITIES
Network Infrastructure Attacks
Connecting to the network through modem
Weaknesses in TCP / IP, NetBIOS
Flooding the network to cause DOS
Operating System Attacks
Attacking Authentication Systems
Exploiting Protocol Implementations
Exploiting Insecure configuration
Breaking File-System Security
6. GAINING ACCESS:
• Enough data has been gathered at this point to make an informed attempt to access the target
• Techniques
• Password eavesdropping
• File share brute forcing
• Password file grab
• Buffer overflows
7. ESCALATING PRIVILEGES
• If only user-level access was obtained in the last step, the attacker will now seek to gain complete control of the system
• Techniques
• Password cracking
• Known exploits
8. COVERING TRACKS
• Once total ownership of the target is secured, hiding this fact from system administrators becomes paramount, lest they quickly end the romp.
• Techniques
• Clear logs
• Hide tools
9. CREATING BACK DOORS
• Trap doors will be laid in various parts of the system to ensure that privileged access is easily regained at the whim of the intruder
• Techniques
• Create rogue user accounts
• Schedule batch jobs
• Infect startup files
• Plant remote control services
• Install monitoring mechanisms
• Replace apps with trojans
WHAT DO HACKERS DO AFTER HACKING? (1)
• Patch security hole
• The other hackers can’t intrude
• Clear logs and hide themselves
• Install rootkit ( backdoor )
• The hacker who hacked the system can use the system later
• It contains trojan virus, and so on
• Install irc related program
• identd, irc, bitchx, eggdrop, bnc
WHAT DO HACKERS DO AFTER HACKING? (2)
• Install scanner program
• mscan, sscan, nmap
• Install exploit program
• Install denial of service program
• Use all of installed programs silently
WHY CAN’T WE DEFEND AGAINST HACKERS?
• There are many unknown security hole
• Hackers need to know only one security hole to hack the system
• Admin need to know all security holes to defend the system
ARE WE SECURE????
WHAT IS ETHICAL HACKING??• It is Legal
• Permission is obtained from the target
• Part of an overall security program
• Identify vulnerabilities visible from Internet at particular point of time
• Ethical hackers possesses same skills, mindset and tools of a hacker but the attacks are done in a non-destructive manner
• Also Called – Attack & Penetration Testing,
HOW CAN WE PROTECT THE SYSTEM? Patch security hole oftenEncrypt important data
Ex) pgp, sshDo not run unused daemonRemove unused setuid/setgid programSetup loghost
• Backup the system oftenSetup firewallSetup IDS
Ex) snort
WHAT SHOULD WE DO AFTER HACKED?
• Shutdown the system
• Or turn off the system
• Separate the system from network
• Restore the system with the backup
• Or reinstall all programs
• Connect the system to the network
REMEMBER
REMEMBER
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